 We've already looked at some of the ways where a runner can be called out. And we've also looked at the different ways, all the different ways that a batter can be either put out or called out automatically for something he might do. And so in this video or over the next two videos, I want to look at kind of those rare plays where a runner can be called out that we haven't looked at yet. So the first way that I want to look at is that after touching first base, and so we should say here, these are, the runner is out when. And so certainly there are more, this isn't all of them like I said, we've looked at a few in other videos and this is just kind of to fill in the rest of the gaps. So the runner is out when, after touching first base, he leaves the baseline obviously attempting, or obviously abandoning, his effort to touch the next base. So after touching first base, he leaves the baseline obviously abandoning his effort to reach the next base. So this is, I think the example that the rule book gives here is say on a, at the end of a game, if a batter or even not a batter, if a fielder or not a fielder, a base runner. So we have a base runner on and let's say the batter would hit a home run. So he hits this ball and it goes the whole way out here over the fence. And the runner then, so he starts his jog around the bases and this runner here, he makes it to third base and say, all his teammates who are on the bench, they come running out to celebrate and this runner gets so caught up in the excitement of the situation that he forgets to run home. He doesn't touch home. So he actually just kind of goes over here to talk to his teammates or whatever. So if that's the situation and he does that, then he has obviously abandoned his effort to reach home plate and he could actually be called out on that play. So even on a home run, and this is just one example, and certainly there are other ways that this could happen, but even on a home run, the run is not automatic. The runner actually has to complete his trip around the bases to score. And if that did happen, I should say that the, unless if there's two outs, then it's kind of tough luck in that the game would then, in the example, the rulebook presents that the team was down by one, then that would be the third out in the inning and they would lose. Whereas if that was only say the second out of the inning, then the batter he would be allowed to complete his trip around the bases and have his run count at least. So not to get too caught up on any one of these, but that's the first one. So the second one is that if the runner intentionally interferes with a thrown ball or a fielder attempting to make a play on it. So the runner is out when he intentionally interferes the thrown ball or hinders a fielder attempting to make it play on a batted ball. So this is something we looked at in the video about running out of the baseline. And that is whenever we have a ball hit, say we have a second baseman here, if he charges up and the ball is hit to the second baseman and we have a runner running from first to second base, the runner here, this runner has, basically he has no right to the baseline. He has to let the fielder make the play. So in this situation, he is permitted as long as the fielder doesn't attempt to make a play on him, specifically, he can run around him and reach the next base. But if as soon as this runner either hits him or hits the ball, hits the fielder or hits the ball, then he is out. The third way that we can look at is that if the base runner fails to retouch his base after a fair or foul ball is caught before him or the base is tagged by a fielder. And so this is something that would happen when we have a situation where a batter would either be tagging up and he leaves early or he's just, you know, he's stranded between two bases. I think we've mentioned this in a few other videos, but he fails to retouch his base, a base that he started the play on. After a ball, this is a fair or foul fly ball. You can tag up on either one. It's legally caught before he or the base. And so this one, one other quick note they make here is that this is an appeal play, which is, we'll look at in a later video, we'll really get into what an appeal play is, but basically the defense has to get the ball and it's basically this is saying that it's not an automatic out. So if defense doesn't catch it and point it out to the umpire, so if we have a batter or a runner here on third base, if he is attempting to tag up, say we have a fly ball hit to the outfield and he leaves the base early, then if he leaves the base before the ball is caught, then the defense could do what is called an appeal and they would then touch the base. And so then the umpire would say, yes, he left early and he's out or no, he didn't. And so again, we'll look at appeals in more detail later on, but basically what this role is saying is that if the defensive team does not appeal, even if that runner left early, then he would be safe. So the importance of this appeal is that the defense specifically has to bring it to the attention of the umpire in order for him, for the runner to be called out. So the final way we can look at this video is the runner is out when he attempts to score on a play in which the batter interferes with the play at home plate. So the runner is out when the attempts score a play in which the batter interferes with the play on the plate. And so the role says that this is before two outs and it also goes on to say that if there are two outs, then the batter is out, it's called out rather than the fielder and the run does not count. So before two outs we call the runner out the runner out and the batter would stay in there, but with two outs, the batter is out and no run counts. So those are four ways there that the runner can be called out for and we'll look at the remaining ways in the next video.