 Immunotherapy has been revolutionizing the treatment of cancer with the most promising approach being the use of cancer vaccines. These vaccines are designed to harness the power of the body's own immune system to fight off cancer cells. However, despite their promise, there are still many challenges in translating these vaccines to the clinic. One major challenge is the lack of potency, which can be addressed through the use of novel adjuvants and tumor-associated antigens. Additionally, the tumor environment can be disrupted using biomimetic and bio-inspired nanotechnologies, which can mimic the stealth coating, pathogen-recognition patterns, and tissue tropisms of pathogens. This review discusses how these technologies can be used to advance the development of cancer vaccines.