 Good afternoon everybody. Good afternoon. My name is Nancy Lindborg, and I'm the president of the United States Institute of Peace, and I'm absolutely delighted to welcome you here to USIP. We are very honored to have with us this afternoon President Beji Kayed Esebsi and his delegation who are who have joined him here at US Institute of Peace as part of his first official visit to the United States since being sworn in as president in December 2014. I know most of us here have watched with great interest and much hope as Tunisia has forged ahead with a democratic transition ever since late 2011 when events there triggered a dramatic regional shift. Following successful parliamentary and presidential elections last year, Tunisia has solidified its commitment to the establishment of a representative government through the formation of a coalition government, and I know that we all wish Tunisia all the best and watch with great interest as it navigates the challenges ahead and remains standing as one of the only successful examples from the post-Arab Spring period. I want to give a few thanks. We're very pleased and honored to have worked alongside so many friends and partners over the last month, and we're especially grateful for the support of Ambassador Gohia who has had an amazing first week in his new post as ambassador, both presenting his credentials and welcoming his president. Also to the Deputy Chief of Mission, Kais Der Raji, Counselor Amel Ben-Yunus, and the entire embassy staff. We're also very appreciative of the long-standing partnership we've had with Ambassador Shalefa, who is with us here today, and Ambassador Janawi. Also, Mr. Mohsen Marzuk, who is with the delegation, all of us have joined us and we're thankful for the partnership. We also would like to offer our gratitude to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, including the Director General, Ambassador Kosri, for much guidance and commitment to the partnership with the Institute. We're joined on stage here by my good friend and colleague, Ambassador Bill Taylor, who's serving as the Executive Vice President for USIP. He will be the moderator today, and Bill was previously the Special Coordinator for Middle Eastern Assistance at the State Department, and in that role, he was an advocate and champion for Tunisia from the very beginning of the post-revolutionary period from 2010 to 2013. And now, it's my pleasure to introduce our guest of honor, his Excellency, President Beji Kayeta Sebsi, who in a word, or in two words, is simply a statesman and a leader. Sir, you have been a central figure in Tunisia for decades and since 2011 an important source of stability and confidence. And since President Sebsi was sworn in as President of Tunisia in December 2014, he has charted a critical course through many challenges. In his swearing-in ceremony, President Sebsi vowed to be President of all Tunisian men and women without exclusion and to be President who would build consensus among all parties and social movements. We're honored to host you here with us today, President Sebsi. We understand you are meeting with President Obama tomorrow. But in the meantime, and today, you've promised to give us a glimpse into your future, into your vision of the future as you move through these critical challenges. So everybody, please join me in welcoming his Excellency, President Sebsi, to the podium. President Sebsi, you have to speak in English. And you have translation, I hope. We'll see about that. Well, let me thank President Sebsi and Ambassador Taylor for their kind invitation. I agree to agree because I know how important USIP is, that all of our life is about defending peace. Translation working fine? I also need to remind you that this is my second official visit to the United States of America following an invitation by President Barack Obama. During the previous visit, in October 2011, and 11, four years ago, I promised President Obama to continue working to enhance democracy in Tunisia. And today, four years later, and after, we organized elections with 8,000 people. And he gave power to those who were elected because we respected the results of the elections. But we know that at that time, most of our party or of our movement, most of them were from the Islamic party. And we know also and can tell you that there's a difference between a Muslim and a Islamist. Because sometimes there is a confusion. Islamism is a political movement that uses religious power and sometimes uses violence as well to reach power. As for the Muslim, I can say that I am a Muslim and the majority of Tunisians are Muslims as well. But Islam in Tunisia is an open religion that coincides with all religions. And in the Quran, which is our reference, there is a verse that says, We have a religion and we have a religion, but God is one. There are no conflicts between religion but between people in interpreting religion. So the party that was considered a Islamic party was a political party. And the majority of Tunisians were Muslim. But we also have Tunisians who are not Muslims who are Hebrews or Jews. Tunisia is the only country in the world where Muslims and Jews coexist without any problem. And in Tunisia today, we have the oldest religious movement. I'm talking about Judaism, of course. I mean, we've been having Jews for 2,500 years in Tunisia. Our Jews are in, were in Tunisia before they came to the United States. And we live in total harmony. And Tunisian, Jewish Tunisian, celebrated a religious feast, which is a l'Riba. And Jews came from all over the world to celebrate. And of course, under the supervision and the auspices of the president, who is the government, represented. And it was just great. So there is a genuine coexistence between religions in Tunisia. Country to what may be the case in other countries. So during the last four years, we sort of moved towards a democracy, the only Arab Muslim country with a democratic system that was implemented within this very short period of time. At this point in Tunisia, we have an elected president of the republic. He is elected by the people in all transparency. And the president is myself. I was elected by the Tunisian people with a very comfortable majority. Why do I say so? Because there are other candidates. There were 27 candidates for the presidential elections in Tunisia. So there is the new president and there is the old president who left, of course, his post following the elections. We have an elected parliament. And what's specific about it is that the members of the parliament represents all Tunisians using colors and of course political as well. And all the president or all those who were candidates for presidency, of course, were not necessarily representing these parties. We have five important parties who are now in the parliament, including the party who is an Islamic reference. And those parties coexist in the parliament. And we formed a government. And contrary to what used to happen for the last 60 years, this government is a coalition government, which means that it includes five countries, four important countries and a fifth one less important. And this government has been working so far without any major problems. And it also got a comfortable vote of confidence from the parliament. We have 217 member of parliament. The government got 166 vote of confidence. So this is a government of stability. And it is in power for five years. We hope that it will remain for five years. But it is not the president who decides if the government remains or not. It depends on its achievement. This government is on the right track. And the majority formed by these four parties. And I have four MPs here, each from one of these parties, including the Islamic party. He's a Muslim like me. And all the other parties are represented. And we are the mida Tunis or the call of Tunisia. I cannot be president of the party anymore because I'm president now according to the constitution. But those who voted for me in majority were women and I hugely respect women. But this does not mean that everything we did in Tunisia was easy. We faced lots of problems and we're still facing many others. First, the democratic track. I mean, political reform cannot succeed if it's not supported by economic development. The economy is part of the political process. And it's not only Tunisia that faces this kind of problem. In all Arab countries and Islamic countries, we cannot see any other democracy. As for the developed world led by the United States of America, we know that they want to generalize democracy all over the world, especially in the third world. And I won't say underdeveloped, but developing. We have to be optimistic. So we know that Tunisia took its independence in 1956. And at that time, the president was reformist, President Habib Burgiber. He pushed Tunisia in this direction. He started reforming the society because the Tunisian society was an underdeveloped society as other societies. So he started with a reform. The first reform he started with was liberating women in Tunisia. And women in Tunisia now have been free since our independence. And women in Tunisia now play a role that is similar to that of man, the same status between women and men in Tunisia. Second, he also generalized education because he understood that developments need education and technology. So he systemized education. And there is no one single Tunisian who can go to school that cannot find a place in school for free. So the Tunisian people is different from the Tunisian people when Tunisia got its independence. And I was there. I'm not that young. I was there for independence. I've lived all these periods, so I know what I'm talking about. When Tunisia took its independence, our main problem, and on which we wasted lots of time, was to face and fight ignorance because we were an undeveloped people. I mean, people who were there at this time know that we used to have board to teach all people, young people, how to read the alphabet. And they would ask, is this going to lead to anything? And Bogeyba would say this will have a positive result and this is what we witnessed indeed. So what is our problem today? It's not about facing ignorance. But we need to find jobs for people who have high diplomas. They don't have jobs because education moved forward and was quicker than financial and economic development. And this is a major problem. So because of what happened 60 years ago again, the Tunisian people today is not the people that we found in 56. It is different from people who do not have education and did not liberate women. We generalize education. We freed women. And of course, at a religious, confessional level, we did not have problems despite the differences. In Tunisia today, despite the differences that some believe exist, we all live together. We work together. And at a political level, all parties are coexisting and working together responsibly. So this is a major change that we witnessed in Tunisia. As for the reforms, we can say that Tunisia now is part of the club of the democratic countries. And hopefully, I mean, the situation will continue and stabilize. But if we want to preserve this experience, we need to develop the economic situation. We have two main challenges. First, the security challenge and counter-terrorism. And terrorism is not a Tunisian-rooted one. It comes from abroad. I mean, Tunisia has its own problems, its own problems, but it suffers from the problem of the whole region. I'm not mentioning any country because I don't want any diplomatic problem. So we are fighting terrorism. But our friends need to help us in fighting terrorism. And let me state clearly that the United States of America are helping Tunisia in fighting terrorism. But we want a stronger cooperation because we have a border with a neighboring country, which is Libya. And you know that these borders are open and lots of terrorism are moving to Tunisia through these borders. And in Libya, we have no state at this point. There are lots of groups, group of people. I don't want to talk about terrorism and so on or terrorists because I am responsible for my words. When I was president of a party, I would speak freely, but now I'm president of a state. So I have to be, you know, cautious. So there are problems between these groups. And then there is the Libya of the north and the Libya in the south. So we have a government in the north and a government in the west and they are in disagreement. There are lots of differences. But there is also ISIL or Daesh in Libya, the so-called Islamic state. And of course, Islam is innocent from all these kind of organizations. These people are terrorists, but they are in Libya and no one is facing them. They are fighting one another and they are harming neighboring countries, including Egypt and Tunisia. We is the most developed and open country and facing the most problems. So given this situation, we need to find a solution. Of course, we hope that all the parties in Libya will get closer together, that the states will be back and we will have the same old good relation. But at this point, the situation is not under control in Libya. And in Tunisia, we have one million Libyans living in our country because they cannot live in Libya. And this means further responsibilities for my country and creates more problems. And Libya is one of the closest country to Tunisia. We used to have a huge cooperation, but it all ended now. Tunisia is being punished because we are receiving terrorists and weapons. And second, there's no cooperation anymore between Tunisia and Libyan, according to statistics. Tunisia, because of this situation in Libya, lost 5.7 billion dollars. And for a small country like mine, this is huge. I mean, this would have helped us maybe get rid of our crisis. And also, we have those million Libyans in Tunisia that are costing the country at many levels, security level and so on. We are a small country with 11 million inhabitants. And this is making it hard to improve the cost of living because the Libyans who are in Tunisia, at this point, they are in a better situation than many Tunisians. So they are paying to buy and the prices are increasing. The price of houses, the cost of life, is now increasing for ordinary Tunisians. And this is making it hard for us to continue to enhance the democratic process that we've started. So we would want our friends and chiefly the United States of America with which we have been friends for many, many decades since our independence because the United States has been helping us. But as I said four years ago to the President of the United States, our relation goes back to the 18th century, the first country to recognize independence of the United States was Tunisia. And when Tunisia got its independence, the first country to recognize independence of Tunisia was the United States of America. So our relation for a long, long time has been privileged and we hope that this will continue to be the fact. And after this visit, I do hope that the relation between the United States and Tunisia will start looking towards the future once again because we want to work for the future. The future that we want in Tunisia is a state of law, is an enhanced democratic process because the democratic process can only succeed if there is a state of law. And this is what we want to build. And I know that because I've been in the public life for 63 years. We know how we started, how we evolved, how we got to what we are today. And I hope that God's will help me working for a better future. In the future, we want a state of law. But we want also to enhance the democratic system because, as I told you, democracy needs lots of priority. First, bringing security and stability by fighting terrorism. And second, developing our economy that is now in rather bad shape. And in order to improve our economy, we need to bring in foreign investments. And in order to do so, we need to encourage internal investments as well. And Mr. Ambassador Cutler, you know the story, don't you? Yeah, he's our friend and he was a former ambassador of the United States in Tunisia. Therefore, we have to create the necessary environment that would encourage more investments. And in order not to mislead you, we still don't have that kind of environment. However, as a president, I have made the suggestion. However, there are some difficulties. Not everyone thinks alike and not everyone thinks about the future. And not everyone has the same feeling of patriotism. However, regardless of who likes or doesn't, we are going to make Tunis come out of this difficult situation and how hopefully it will not stand alone in this difficult situation. Because now that we are having difficulties, do you want everybody to just stand there and look at us? However, we hope that what we have done so far in Tunisia and that our friends always mentioned, led by our friends here in the United States, isn't that the case, Ambassador Cutler? Therefore, we will continue on this path and we are determined to do so, whether we are alone or with the help of friends. And the help from our friends is what will allow us to accelerate the larger reforms that we hope to achieve and through which we can improve the situation. Before closing, I would like to say that we in Tunisia, the political system that we are following does not, does not create any political sensibilities. We know that a lot of countries like you would say, and those, these people that the, from the Muslim Brotherhood, well, we don't have these people, whatever the sensitivities we, they are all, everyone is Muslim. And people are asking, how do you allow them to be part of the government? Yes, sir, we in our country, we in order to have a stable government for anyone who wants to invest can find themselves in a stable country. Let me say that we have, I personally do not have a problem because I'm the one who made the suggestion and who enforced it. We don't have a problem with the Tunisians and they are part of the whole of Tunisia. Their head, their president, Mr. Rashid Ghannoushi is helping us and he's helping his country, but he's also helping his own party. The fact that we are together in the same government, I'm personally very happy that they are governing or helping us with the government or our partners in the government are also from NAHDA and we have everyone from the other parties, which are NIDA and AFAP and NAHDA, they're, everyone is there. I personally, I was elected by the Tunisian people. I guarantee the success of this experiment. Tunisia today, of course, everything is not pink. There are definitely things that aren't as well as good. For on the one hand, we have high unemployment. We are a people of 11 million inhabitants and of those 216,000 are unemployed. Of those 250,000 are have higher degrees. This is a situation that cannot last for long. Many people say that, oh, you have a lot of people who went to Jihad. Yes, we say so. Why? Because we have high unemployment. Yes, we have a lot of poverty. There are some regions of our country that are totally marginalized. Therefore, we have to take care of that. There was a revolution that took place in Tunisia on December 17th, 2010, and until January 14th, 2011. Why? Because of unemployment and because of the social situation and because of these deep pockets of poverty and because people want to be a part of the economic situation. Therefore, we should not minimize, if we were to minimize this situation, then our democratic path will remain threatened. We therefore tell all our friends who are constantly and every day thanking us for our achievements and our successes, well, let me say that it's very, we're still very vulnerable and it would disappear if the economic situation does not improve and along with the social situation. Otherwise, we would be regressing. That's what I wanted to tell you here in the United States, where Tunisians are always welcomed and President Obama was the first president to have congratulated the people for this revolution after Mohammed Bozizi sacrificed his life in order for us to get here. I would like to say very clearly that Tunisia needs peace. However, if we don't get peace, we're not going to go back. We're going to continue by ourselves. That's what I wanted to say. And in all cases, this is an opportunity for us to greet our friends in the United States and greet President Barack Obama with whom we have talked several times about this subject and he has encouraged us all the way. This is the second time I receive an invitation to visit the United States when I meet with high officials, with Mr. Vice President and the Secretary of State, Mr. Kerry, with whom I met this morning. And we are meeting the higher officials, the high officials of this government. And although it's very important, but I wanted to come here today because you are working for peace and that's what allows people to live, to live comfortably, to eat, drink and also to work. And that's something I hope we can achieve with your help and even by ourselves, if you don't want to help us. And thank you very much. Also, people in another room, you have drawn so many people here to the Institute of Peace that they are in a separate room as well. And there are other people who are watching us online who can also, by the way, send you questions if they use the hashtag is SEPSI USIP. So on behalf of all of the viewers here in the next room and in the ether, thank you very much for that presentation. We do have an opportunity for some questions. Let me start if you would agree. You have this opportunity to reintroduce Tunisia to the American people. Americans, of course, know that the history of Tunisia goes back 5,000 years. Carthage. The American people know that World War II battles took place in Tunisia. Kazarine Pass. There is a lovely American cemetery in Tunis that is beautifully kept. People know that the Arab Spring, you mentioned the beginning and Nancy Lindborg mentioned that the beginning of the Arab Spring began in Tunisia. You have just described for all of the Americans watching here how you have put together a coalition of across Tunisia. And so the question, Mr. President, as you are reintroducing Tunisia to the United States and to Americans into the world, is Tunisia a model that can bring together Muslim Arab democracy in one place and a success? Or is it the exception that proves the rule? Is it the exception that when we look out at the rest, as much of the rest of the Arab world, democracy is challenged? Is it the model or is it the exception? Until this day, we are the exception. However, we hope we can become the model. The model that would be emulated by others in the world. And we can be the model, but that depends on the role that the United States wishes to play. If the U.S. and not others assist and helps Tunisia, yes, we can become a model. Otherwise, we will remain an exception. This exception cannot last forever. It can be threatened because what we try to do is a paradigm of a social model that is different from what exists in other Arab and Islamic countries. And therefore, our model will always be threatened because of its vulnerability. I personally am known to believe in the role that the U.S. has played during the war. The U.S. stopped Nazism. And without it, Nazism would have still been prevalent today. And without it would have spread around Europe. The U.S. has also contributed in helping just causes, just like ours. Therefore, the U.S., and this is something that's important for the American people. If the U.S. wants to play a role and an important role and a role that we're remembered by history, therefore it must work to make that this exception that Tunisia is becomes a model that can be emulated. Therefore, we believe that the U.S. has the possibility, the ability, and also the ability to change situations and things. This, what we can say is that our experience is available for everyone. And we will continue to work for the expansion and for the elaboration of this example for everyone to get peace. Sayyid al-Raiz. Was with us still. Yes. Other countries have the same types of difficulties, justice, this concept. About three weeks ago, we had the Iraqi Prime Minister Abadi here in this building, and we talked about justice with him. He talked about the challenges of reconciliation and the challenges of the threats of revenge. Two months ago, we had the new Afghan president, Ashraf Ghani, sitting right here in the chair that you are sitting in. But you are not the same thing. You are not the same. We are not confused. But he also struggles with justice in Afghanistan. He was asked, Mr. President, about this question, and he said he wants to look forward, he doesn't want to look back. You have a truth and dignity commission in Tunisia to address these issues. What are your hopes, your expectations, your concerns about that commission and justice going forward? I'm not the guest. Good. But they must know that the situation in Tunisia is not so easy to do. It is very complicated. Yes, we think that we must fight for the right of the man. Man or woman is the same. For us too. But we have people who don't eat, who is very poor, who don't have work. I think that it is primary to respond to that. You have a priest, a man of religion, who is not a Muslim, but he is a Christian. Yes, priest. Priest, what did he say? The priest said there has to be some welfare in order to practice virtue. So if human rights are virtue, we cannot appreciate them if we have an empty stomach and if we don't have work and we are poor. So what are the priorities? I would say the priority is to feed those who are hungry first. Otherwise they're going to die. So what's the point to defend their rights when they're going to end up in the cemetery? However, notwithstanding, we still need to get priority to defending human rights. Therefore, the two are not contradictory. However, there are priorities. And the one priority is to give these people a job. And the conditions, the situation that we have created in Tunisia, is that it is the first country that has a commission for human rights. And until this time, we still have it. But in the other authoritarian regimes and dictatorial regimes, whatever you want to call them, it still existed because the people want something like that. And I am now the elected by the people. Therefore, I cannot be against it. From the audience. And let's start right here. And if you could state your name, keep it short. We're a little tight on time and address your question. I'm Tabuni, a Libyan American. I would like to see the relationship between Tunisia and Libya. And how can the United States, as you said, is the key player for this relationship? And how can we have Tunisia as a model, since it's very close and it's important, critical for Tunisia as well, for Southern Libya? You're right. You have to know that the Tunisian people is the people that is closest to the Libyan people. And therefore, during the revolution of Libya, it is Tunisia that helped those people. And Tunisia welcomed a million and a half people who came as refugees from all everyone. And during the Al-Qadhafi, everybody was there. The Libyan families were welcomed by Tunisians in their homes, in their families, because those people are the closest there is to one another. Our hope is that the Libyan people can wake up and constitute their own state. And we will be happy to see that Libya has become a state. And I can confirm to you that our friends here in the United States will do agree with us and are ready to help Tunisia and Libya in order for Libya to get out of this situation. However, we are now going through, we're suffering from terrorism. And that's terrorism that's for Tunisia is what's in Libya, because ISIL is in Libya and Libyans are not busy fighting terrorism, but they're busy fighting one another. So our hope is that people will return to consciousness and that there will be a government and a unifying government in Libya and the state. And we will be the first people that will rejoice for the stabilization in Tripoli and Tobruk and Sirt and all these. As a Libyan, you know that in history, when Libya was under occupation, and you know, since 1911, we don't have to remind which country so we don't get into another Pandora's box. However, many of those Libyans came to Tunisia and lived in Tunis and there is not of a city in Tunisia that's not called the quarter, the Libyans quarter, the Trabulce or the Tripolitans quarter, because we have been under occupation by so many people. However, this is something I can confirm to you that our true desire is that Libya goes back to normal. Right now we are really losing because of the situation in Libya. So we do hope that things go back to normal. You can really count on us to bring Libya back to its true and real stability. Too many young Tunisians are leaving Tunisia to go to Iraq and Syria. How do you intend to deal with that problem? If they can. If they have been to Iraq and to Syria, it's because the situation in Tunisia does not allow them to feel stable. They're young, they are unemployed, they are not very conscious, they're not aware, and then there are some groups that we call non-profit organizations that are encouraging them to leave. They're also funding that exodus. However, when things have changed, we shut the door to travel to Syria and Iraq and all those places. However, whenever those people come back, we still embrace them and we try to re-include them in normal life. But that's difficult because someone who got used to hold a weapon and killing other people and aggresses others, that's something that has to stop. We are aware of what's going on and whatever mistakes they have committed, they are our children, they're ours, and therefore we have to bear with them. And hopefully, we will find them occupations, jobs. There are people who are leaving or who are leaving and would go to Italy and then would die in the ocean because they would go in small boats, and many of those have already died. And we also hope that we can stop this. So this trend with Italy has stopped, but we have cooperated with the government of Italy and we have stopped this tendency. If every country that wants Tunisia to remain democratic and stable, they must help us in this respect. My name is Josh Rogan. I'm a reporter with Bloomberg View here in Washington. Mr. President, thank you for your time today. In 2011, when the Arab Spring began in Tunisia, the U.S. government proposed a huge program to support the transition of countries in the region that was led by Ambassador Taylor. Unfortunately, the U.S. Congress never funded that effort. Last year, Tunisia received about $50 million in U.S. assistance being a democratic government, whereas the military regime in Egypt received about $1.5 billion in assistance. What I'm wondering is, in your view, what does that say about U.S. government priorities in the region? Do you think that the U.S. has abandoned the ideals of the Arab Spring, and what will be your message to President Obama tomorrow about America's commitment to democracy, civil rights, and human rights in the region? Thank you. I met President Obama four years ago, and I already gave him my message. First of all, there is no such thing as an Arab Spring. This is a European invention. We were invited in the G8 summit in 2011 in Douville, and I was invited, and I had the Prime Minister of Egypt, and at the time I was the Prime Minister, but not as President. So I said there is no such thing as an Arab Spring. And then there is the beginning of a Tunisian Spring. If this Tunisian Spring is confirmed, perhaps another day it might become an Arab Spring. That's what I was saying. However, as I said earlier, now we are the exception. However, in order for us to become a model, let us at least succeed in Tunisia. And we have not succeeded yet. Yes, of course, we have achieved a few steps, and we still lack economic success in order to really get to the results we need. And that economic result has not taken place yet in Tunisia. Therefore, if friends want to help us, then perhaps then we will be able to benefit and then go on to become an Arab Spring. As to what the United States does, I don't want to talk about it, because I am now in the U.S., and I respect its leadership and its people, and it's none of our business. If they help us, fine. If they don't help us, we are going to stay friends, and we will continue on our own. However, let me say that the President has promised me, he said personally that he is going to help Tunisia. So I'm going to meet him tomorrow, but I'm not going to remind him, oh, you remember, you told me you were going to assist me, and then he might open the thing for discussion. But I do know that our relations are continuing, and we are working together, and that the United States and its leadership are all very interested in the experiment that is taking the experience that is taking place in Tunisia, and that can become a model to others, because as I said earlier, I'm not happy that we are the only ones that are alone, because everybody is going to be looking at us and being jealous, and everybody will want to make us falter. But I am personally confident that the United States is standing by our side and will support us with whatever is possible. We cannot tell them how much we want. We can say whatever you can afford us. And although we know that the United States has large means, it does not, it has other problems and other people around the world to worry about. The United States is the spinal cord of the entire world, because they care for the rest of the world. However, what we're asking is just a little more, and perhaps at that point we can step forward a little more. Ladayna. Leave, and let me go here to this lady in white. It will have to be brief, and I know Mr, the President is headed for the Hill. He's going to see the House and the Senate. Very important meetings for the for the reasons that you just described. Absolutely, yes. This will be important. So last question. Yes, ma'am. Mr. President, you're welcome in Tunisia. Yes, my name is Jehan Burkhedr. Are you Tunisian? Oh, whose daughter are you? Ah, you should have said that earlier. Yes, yeah, this is a small world, but however. Question is very brief and quick. Yes. In terms of human rights in Tunisia, we are aware of many people in Tunisia abusing human rights to act violently and do terrorist attacks. So they having their uniforms, they having their wearing their own clothes, and they're free to wear wherever they want. And the Tunisian government being very understanding, and even people they were understanding. But at a certain level, these kind of uniforms, the niqab, especially the women clothes, they're posing a threat to the national security. There were many women, and even men wearing niqab, they were caught with weapons. They were involved in recruiting jihadists, even women to go to Syria. Now, I'm not saying everyone is like that. My question is, and I'm very concerned as a Tunisian citizen, how the Tunisian government, I won't say you, I would say the Tunisian government will deal with this. This is the first concern. The second concern, very quick, is the Koranic and the kindergarten places they open illegally without the government authorization. They're posing our next generations with extremist ideas. How are you going to deal with that? Thank you. Very good. Thank you very much. Thank you for the question. Have a good stay. First, we are with freedom of dress. If you want to cover your head, go ahead. If you don't, just don't. When we talk about the freedom of the people, they are free to do whatever they like. As for the niqab, if a woman wants to wear a niqab, let her do so, but let her stay in her house. I mean, if she does not want to be part of the people, to go to university, let her decide. But if she wants to participate, she'd better show her face. In her privacy, she may wear niqab if she wants. But also we want to support women who wants to wear skirts and show their legs. This is not a problem in Tunisia. As for human rights, there's no country more respectful of human rights than Tunisia. Human rights cannot move forward if we allow people to be free to hurt us. So yes, we want freedom, but we want freedom to be responsible. I mean, a Tunisian should know that he is socially responsible. He is responsible in his job, in his family. He needs to respect the law, and he will be respected. Of course, there are abuses in all countries, as we know, everywhere, worldwide. It has nothing to do with development. But of course, these are exceptions. In Tunisia, we do not have huge abuses. But when we face such abuses, we go to court and we sanction. Otherwise, everything is about the circumstances of life. People living in Tunisia should not be needy. And hopefully, we will be working out this situation. And you greet your father for me. Say hello. And when he comes back to Tunisia, tell him to visit me. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain in your seats until the official party departs. The president heads for the Congress. Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain in your seats until the official party departs. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain in your seats until the official party departs.