 Dear students, in this module, we are going to talk about culture and its different types. So culture refers to the complex whole which includes knowledge, art, belief and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. So there are, formally speaking, there are two types of culture. Material culture is the physical objects, buildings and tools that are created and used by the society. On the other hand, the non-material culture are the beliefs, values, customs that shape the way people think and behave. So when we talk about culture, every thing that is a part of your environment, your personality, your mind or mental processes, which are a part of your thinking process, all these things are a part of your culture. It can be seen in two parts, the first type which is called material culture. Material culture means that everything that you can see, feel, touch or see is a part of your material culture. The non-material culture is your belief system which is in your mental processes, which are in your mind, which are in the form of concepts or ideas, which are present in your mind. For example, your belief system, your values, your customs and the way you think, the way you think or behave is a part of your non-material culture. The two more important aspects of culture are popular culture, which we call mass-produced items and entertainment that are widely accepted and enjoyed by the society. Popular culture means that culture which is prevalent, which is present in people, which people are actually practicing, which is reflected in front of you through media or through behavior patterns, which are reflected in front of you through people's behavior. This is in contrast to that ideal culture, which is present in your mind, which is present in your ideals, but in reality it is not being practiced. High culture is its art, music, literature and other forms of cultural expressions that are considered to be of higher quality. Usually, the values, the cultural values are given high significance or importance, particularly through elite class, it is a part of high culture. For example, in art, it is seen how the influential people in the world of art value the classical aspect or modern music in the world of music, the significant people, like media celebrities, how they value it, it is a part of high culture. Similarly, literature or sports or language are all those aspects that are highly valued by the influential people, that are a part of high culture. If we look at an example from Pakistan, in material culture, we can see the architecture of Lahore Fort or Badshahi Mosque. It is a part of material culture because it is very much visible to us. Non-material culture has importance of hospitality and respect for elders. We respect elders and we see that the popular culture of Bollywood movies plays an influential role in our culture. It reflects the popularity in our culture. Although ideally, we do not like the cultural influence from India. However, popular movies and popular Bollywood movies do reflect that popular culture. The classical music in high culture is highly valued. Although it does not disagree with the modern music of the youth, the classical music is considered more valuable. The classical music is considered more valuable for you.