 since we've had one of these bear's beauties. But Snuffleophagus was here was irresistible, so therefore we had to come up with one of these rather quickly. So after a brief consultation with my colleague, we figured how can we do this in a reasonably accurate way and yet still be true to the science? Shall we say we've come up with a solution for you? So the question for Snuffleophagus was here, from Snuffleophagus was here was I need to differentiate between DR and NCR. Well, that's rather easy, believe it or not. I'm not sure how that was presented to you originally, but normally speaking they would not be put anywhere near each other in a behavior analysis course at all. They're very different things. Differential reinforcement is just reinforcing one behavior while ignoring a different one essentially, right? So putting one on extension and reinforcing something, there's lots of different types of those alternative incompatible rates of behavior. So you're going to do, you're going to reinforce certain qualities about behavior, if you will, or certain patterns of behavior or certain behaviors in general while ignoring others. That has nothing to do with NCR. NCR is commonly referred to as non-contentioned reinforcement. There's a rule around here. If anyone says non-contentioned reinforcement, if anyone says NCR, they get hit. There's a reason. NCR isn't really NCR. It's the non-contingent delivery of reinforcing stimuli. So I'm going to pause our rule because my head's starting to hurt, but NCR, non-contingent reinforcement doesn't make any sense. Reinforcement by definition has a contingent requirement, okay? A contingency requirement. So you can only reinforce a behavior if that particular behavior is happening that's connected to the reinforcer. It's contingent. Reinforcer is delivered if the behavior happens. NCR is basically the sprinkling of reinforcing stimuli. Stimulating will serve as reinforcers if you set them up right. If you sprinkle them out there on the people or the dogs or whatever it is that you're working with, then guess what? It devalues the reinforcer. Sounds weird, right? Think of it this way. If a person, if you just give a person a bunch of ice cream, just randomly give them ice cream, then you say, hey, will you go dig a hole? I'll give you some ice cream. They're going to be like, no, I don't want any ice cream. Give me some money. So non-contingent reinforcement, the non-contingent delivery of reinforcing stimuli is really just a way to manipulate motivation, right? It's actually an antecedent intervention. So if you have a kiddo that has an attention maintained problem behavior, give them tons of attention for anything else. Do it when it's non-contingent. Just deliver contingent. Just deliver attention. You don't even have to wait for a specific behavior to happen. That should decrease the probability of the problem behavior happening because the problem behavior is maintained by attention. Now that's just one simple example. I gave you the food example. I gave you the attention example. It could be escape. It could be all sorts of things. But the idea is that you're delivering reinforcing stimuli without having a contingency component. It purely manipulates motivation. I hate the term manipulate. It sounds so negative. It's not. It's like manipulating clay. But in our today's world, you say that we're manipulative, it freaks out. So it's about playing with the motivational operations, right? So if the behavior is maintained by a certain reinforcer, and then you make sure that that person has had plenty of that reinforcer, the behavior is probably not going to happen, or at least not at a much lower rate. So that's what you use NCR for. DR is differential reinforcement. There's all sorts of things, right? Alternative, incompatible, differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior, differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior, differential reinforcement of diminishing rates of behavior. There's all sorts of DRs. So that is just reinforcing one response as an alternative to others, or in a DRL or DRH scenario, reinforcing lower rates of a response or higher rates of a response. But that has nothing to do with the delivery of reinforcers separate from the behavior, which is what NCR is about. Delivering, sprinkling, so think of it this way. I think it's sprinkling reinforcing stimuli in the environment. If you'd like a visual, just think of the Salt Bay, whatever that guy's name is, I can't remember, with his $1,000 stake these days, which is crazy. I would love to analyze the MOs on that. But anyway, so he's just sprinkling the salt, right? But in reality, just think of behavior, just think of the reinforcers as being sprinkled. There you go. NCR versus DR.