 Cancer immunotherapy is a relatively new form of treatment which uses the body's own immune system to fight off cancerous cells. It works by targeting specific proteins called checkpoint molecules found on the surface of T cells, which are white blood cells that help the immune system recognize and destroy abnormal cells. This allows the immune system to better identify and eliminate cancerous cells. However, not all patients respond to immunotherapy, so it is important to develop biomarkers that can accurately predict patient responses to the treatment. These biomarkers should take into account factors such as the level of immune response, the genetic makeup of the tumours, and other factors. By using these biomarkers, doctors will be able to more effectively treat their patients with immunotherapy and increase its effectiveness. This article was authored by Pramod Darvin, Salman M. Tua, foreign secedurumnet, and others.