 Felly, efallai mae gennym ni'n gofynu ein bod yn meddwl a'r holl yn gael. Felly, ydych chi'n gweithio gweithio arall, fyddwn i'n gweithio arall, gweithio, mae'n gweithio arall o'r mewn gweithio arall, a'r holl yn cael ei gweithio ar y glosabau, y gweithio arall, o'r busnes a'r llythag, arall. Felly mae'n rhoi i'r gweld, mae'n ddyn nhw'n ddwy'n fwy o 40 o fewn i'r rŵm. Yn ni'n ddyn nhw'n ddwy'n ddwy, Felly, yw 657,000 o'r ddweud o gwahanol y twerd. Felly, mae'n dweud. Dwi'n gweithio'r 1200 tweedd. A dyna'r 24,5 miliwn gwahanol y twerd. Mae'r ddweud o Ddavos, mae'n 157 miliwn gwahanol. Yn y ffordd o'r ddweud o'r ddweud, a yng Nghymru sy'n deall Ileidio'r ddweud, mae'n ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud, mae'n dweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud sy'n ddweud, oes peirwch a'r islamau ddiwyddo, a rungsio, amwylo'n ari o rhan o'r iswys yne i angen am ddweud o boblau, yw y nhw'n yn dweud i llai chi'n cael ei dyn nhw. Mae'n dweud i ffwrdd o'r cyntaf yw'n gael mae cyraniaeth, ac rhaid o'n gweithio ydynt yn ddeud. Dwi'n ddweud o cwrsfa gweithio o ddweud. Felly, gallwch chi'n un gweithio, roeddwn i. Felly, phasorant i Damelola. Yn y gweithio'r gwaith, oedd yma eich ffynol, wrth gwrs nhw'n llunio'r cyffredin. Yn y ymddorol, ac wrth gwrs, yma'n dweud y gweithio ymddorol. A gweithio'n gwneud yn gweithio'r ffordd o'r gweithiol gwbl a'r gweithio'r gweithio'r dda, ac mae'n cael ei wneud yma yn Yllano yn unigodol yn Ysgrifol, yn Ebuja, inni Gwyrddol, Chandigard North of Delhi in India and also in Jeddah in Saudi Arabia and they are going to inform us about the kind of work that's already been done by a lot of global shapers and they are just the spokespeople for work that's been done in the last few hours and days trying to identify the scale of the problem. Let me just give you just a few metrics. Young people, especially young women, continue to be disproportionately affected by unemployment across all regions of the world. 74 million young people aged 15 to 24 were looking for work in 2014 and the youth unemployment rate is practically three times higher than for their adult counterparts. Philip Jennings, General Secretary of the Uniglobal Union, just before this along with Oxfam and the ILO said that there's a mountain of new evidence that the jobs crisis will continue to deepen as inequality rises. That helping frame this discussion in Davos and he added keeping calm and carrying on is simply not an option. So that's what we want to highlight and let me just bring to your attention what the economist had a couple of weeks ago, workers on tap and let me just help again frame this discussion with a couple of important quotes of the scale of change that is now affecting the work and job prospects. Using the now ubiquitous platform of the smartphone to deliver labour and services in a variety of new ways will challenge many of the fundamental assumptions of the 20th century capitalism from the nature of the firm to the structure of careers. And secondly, the idea that having a good job means being an employee of a particular company is a legacy of a period that stretched from about 1880 to 1980. So it really is about changing mindsets, changing behaviour, changing perceptions of the scale of the problem and how it can be addressed. Before we go to the hubs, our experts here in Davos, first Dominic Barton, I'm going to ask you to introduce yourselves and the relevance of this to the kind of work you're doing. My name is Dominic Barton. I'm the global managing director of McKinsey. We primarily focus on serving industrial companies, governments and NGOs. But one of the biggest issues we think that we're facing in our times is the issue about youth unemployment. It's something that business needs to be worried about. It's not something that's a sideshow. If we don't deal with it, we're not going to be able to operate in the way we need to, so we need to own it more. And I think with the, as you mentioned in those articles, the changing nature of work and the way technology is moving is going to have some profound implications for us on this. So that's why we're interested. Right. From Q8, Oma Alganim. Oma. I'm CEO of Alganim Industries, which is one of the largest privately held companies in the Middle East. I've been very involved with youth issues because across the Muna region over the next decade, there's 70 to 90 million incremental jobs that need to be created. And it's a huge issue for us. And we can't rely on the governments to be doing it known. We can't just rely on the incumbent private sector to be doing it. We have to also look at new avenues, entrepreneurship and other things, and very involved with things like that. Aliko Dengote from Nigeria. I'm the CEO and Chief Executive of Dengote Group. In our own group, we employ over 26,000 people. And, you know, we are into various things meant, you know, petrochemicals or food items. And one of the things that we have several programs of which to generate, you know, employment of which, you know, I will mention them, you know, later. But in agriculture alone, we have a target of creating 180,000 jobs, mainly from, you know, youth in the next three to four years. Thank you. Right. You're going to be our oracles here in Davos, but let's take it right beyond these snows, beyond the mountains to other parts of the world. And let me go to Chandigarh, which is a wonderful city north of Delhi in India. And let me go to Jyoti Kamal, because Jyoti, I'm just going to remind you what Aaron Jetley, the Finance Minister, number two in the government, has said today that India already has a population of 425 million between the ages of 15 and 35, and by the year 2019, 150 million will be first time voters, and the average age in India will be 29. Tell us about yourself. Well, in fact, we had a very interesting session here today, and talking about myself, I have been observing what's happening in India. It's a very unique vision, in fact, in terms of numbers, it's mind-boggling, the number of people who are waiting to go into a job scene and the kind of challenges that are facing them in terms of how do they really do it. People want jobs, jobs want people, and yet that fit is not happening some on India. It's a very unique vision for India, for the world, literally in terms of the sheer force of numbers of Indian youth as they try and kind of get into the workforce, but seriously short in terms of what the employers really want from them. They are trying to get education is facing bottlenecks, there are policy issues. So India really going through a serious challenge, but in terms of a sword, it's a double-edged sword. It's really full-off in this largest youth base in the world, and then it's on the bus wing. But if it really doesn't go out, it could spell trouble for India and for the rest of the world. So it's really a very serious issue for India at this point in time. How do you engage youth and how do you get them productively involved? All right, Jotty, that wasn't my question. I was just asking you about yourself. Just explain your own background, and let me ask you one more time. If you could just slow down a little bit because of the level of the bandwidth can't cope with the speed at which you're talking. Just tell us about yourself in 15 seconds, please. Well, I'm sorry. I'm a journalist with a TV network here in India called CNN-IPN, and I have been working out of the Northern Indian region and watching how things have been happening here, how society is changing. So I'm primarily sorry about that. All right, I will ask you actually to repeat some of that in a moment when we come back and ask you about the details. Let me go to Jeddah, to Fatin Bundagi, because you, as a woman, you've been critical in bringing women's issues onto the agenda in Saudi Arabia. Your background quickly, please. My name is Fatin Bundagi, and I am president of my management consulting, which focuses on development and youth and women empowerment. I was a former member of the Board of Directors of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and the Women Empowerment and the Chair of the International Relations Department, and the Corporate Social Responsibility. All right, let's go to Orlando in Florida to Carla Redkaw. Carla. Yes, good morning from Orlando. My name is Carla Redkaw, and I am vice president of the largest organization in Orlando that serves youth at risk. Excellent, and let's go to Abuja now to Frank Nuecki. Frank. Yes, my name is Frank Nuecki II, and more recently I was director general of the Nigerian Economic Summit Group, which is a private sector led think tank and advocacy group. And we've been in the forefront of encouraging government to adopt the policies conducive to good governance. Excellent. In the last few months I've resigned that, yes. All right, well, we'll pick up on the Nigerian side and the comparison between what you've been doing and the experience of a leading Nigerian industrious and corporate player here in Davos in the moment. Can I encourage you, if you want to, to send, you've got a bit of paper on your seats, or alternatively use the strap if you're watching this online, send your thoughts to us, because Fatima here is sitting here because she's going to give us some idea already of the kind of reaction beyond this room, particularly from the next generation who are not sitting here in Davos, but are consuming it, and for those who've just arrived, there are literally hundreds of millions of people out there watching this. Now, Fatima, quickly, three or four of the tweets you've been getting to give us an idea of the concerns there are. Well, that's a very hard task because there have been so many good ones. I had a really hard time figuring out which ones to pick. But I'll go with the first one from Jumi Adikei. She says that, did you know that there are 64 million Nigerians between the ages of 15 to 35? That's the entire population of the UK, talk about potential. We have another one from Kumar Manish. He asks, how to make youth more employable in the current education system in India? What changes do we need? And finally from Carolina Pirisi from Luxembourg. What are the projects in place to be replicated offering future work perspectives for the youth? All right, Fatima, thank you very much. That's helping us frame the discussion here. Now, we've got a number of issues we want brought up by each of the hubs. And just for those of you who've just arrived, each of them is really speaking for a large number of global shapers who've been discussing this issue of unemployment, youth, and particularly the potential and prospects. Now, Dominic Barton, give us the consultant's view of how serious this now is with metrics and the potential both politically and economically, the downside and the upside. Well, maybe I'll just mention a couple of points. One you've already mentioned, it was mentioned before, we're starting from a base of about 75 million youth that are unemployed. And I think that's a conservative number. If we actually look at what being employed is, if we think about full-time, part-time, that number could go up significant. I think it could go up to 100 million. But it's a base level at least of 75 million. And that's around the world, that's everywhere. No country is immune. We're hearing it even in the fast-growing countries, India, Nigeria. It's also a case in Pittsburgh. It's a case in Seattle. It's all over the world that this is happening. So it's a global phenomenon. I think the second point I would just like to make is that with the move in technology increasing faster and faster. I mean, most CEOs that I see say that technology is moving three to five times faster than management. It's just the disruptions, the changes. It is having an effect on jobs as well, because how do you keep up with that? And I just want to give one vignette to try and frame it, which at least meant something from my simple mind. I'm sorry to use a U.S. example, but if you looked at Detroit in 1990, the big three, Chrysler, Ford, General Motors, they hired about 1.2 million people to get the numbers right here. They had sales of about $250 billion and a market cap of about $36 billion. The key thing is 1.2 million employees. If you look at the big three in the Silicon Valley today, Facebook, Apple and Google, they have sales of about $239 billion, not that much lower than what the auto players did. They hire 134,000 people, 1.2 million, 134,000. I think that's quite indicative. A lot of jobs are being displaced. And when we look at the future technology disruptions that are coming with robotics, the Internet of Things, 3D printing, we could go on, we're going to see a lot of automation and disruption, which has been a natural place for people to be able to enter the workforce. So this issue of the 75 million, which is a base level, is going to get a lot worse before it gets better and we're moving. The third comment I just want to make is our current education system, and I don't want to hammer it too much, but I am going to hammer it, is not fit for purpose around the world. We have either too much of what I call university education that's not training our youth to be able to get jobs. That particularly is the case in Asia and China and India. There's a huge need for vocational education. But I would argue that that is also global. If you also look at that in the U.S. and Canada and Europe, and we've done surveys which show that most of the, on the education side, higher education, 75% of people believe they are actually educating the students for work. When you ask employers, 40% is the highest number that we get. We don't think they're getting the skills they need. And 40% of the students believe that they're getting what they need. There's a big mismatch that's going on. And what we're finding, and there's some people in the audience here and others, there are now innovations happening in education, the code for a day, eight-week intensive vocational programs to help youth get into healthcare-related jobs, web design programs. There's a lot of innovation that's going to be needed to be done. But if we don't change that system, the gap's going to get worse. And that's what I mean about instability. We're going to have a large number of people that don't have jobs. The final thing, and then I'll shut up, is even the nature of work is changing. The idea that we have a job where we go to a place to work I think is changing. People are working part-time. Uber would be an example of that. A place where you can drive, you don't have, you can do it on your own terms. And when you want to and where it is, we're going to see, I think, a lot more of what I call renting people. It's probably not a very nice word to use, but people are working in many different environments. And that's going to change when you think about training and ongoing support for employees. That's going to be a different world. So we've got lots of issues. I'm not a Luddite. Every time there's a technology disruption, there's new jobs that don't exist that we could never imagine that do come into place. But I don't think we can just assume it's going to happen. So what you're saying is we're charting the landscape pretty effectively, but we don't know how to navigate what lies ahead of us. And it's happening so quickly that with this number of people, you've got to be worried. All right. You've got to be worried. Okay. Well, look, there's a lot of expertise in this room as well. And so we want to try and highlight where this can go, because already we've got some comments. What are some of the practical solutions to youth unemployment from Hanan Ashkar? Starting Monday, what can we change? In other words, there's already a demand out there to know where the solutions might be. Let me go to Jotty now to Chandigar. And please keep using the hashtag which is there on your seats here or out there. If you're watching us anywhere in the world, hashtag shaping work. Let me Jotty ask you to repeat what you said earlier slightly slower so we can ensure that we pick it up. What has your group in Chandigar been deciding is the situation, but more importantly, what needs to be done? Well, in fact, the situation that we were talking about today was essentially that there is this huge number that you were also talking about, the sheer numbers that India is adding to its workforce. In fact, almost a million people being added every month to the workforce. Not enough jobs to go around even as all these people are kind of looking out for jobs and making India and Arendra Modi now promising 100 million jobs to Indians. The largest youth base in the world, India promises to be a young country now. But the challenge is that while the jobs are looking out for people, while the people are looking out for jobs, there doesn't seem to be the plug-in happening. There's a problem somewhere in between in terms of jobs reaching out to people, people reaching out to jobs. And what we heard today over and over again was in terms of education, in terms of skilling people up, in terms of getting them to get the right skill set and that's where there were further problems that were highlighted that the education system which is policy bound is refusing to change and it's changing at a very slow pace. But just to give you a short example of the kind of change that people themselves are bringing about, there is a market here in Chandigarh. You go to them with any electronic component that you want prepared. What people there do is they just log on to their computers, open YouTube, watch how to video there and immediately they start sorting out your problem there after watching instructions online. So there is this desire to reskill themselves, they are doing it on their own, but the government seems to be filling them and that big question is being raised by youth that how do they kind of skill themselves up in a manner that's relevant to industry, industry expressing its frustration in terms of getting the right people there, the owners as of now falling on the government in terms of being able to skill themselves up, skill the youth up. And just to be clear, are, if they go down to the market, are they managed to monetise it? Can they make money out of that? Well, absolutely they are making, they are making money out of it because they are being able to figure out how to work. I would just quickly give you an example of Uber while it's facing its challenges here. There was this whole thing that once technology platforms arrive, maybe people will not get enough jobs, but what it has done is exactly the opposite. Many more people have gone into the business, many more drivers are now driving using these technology platforms. There is an abundance of cars now, there is an abundance of jobs, so a technology platform has actually enhanced the ability to get employment. So that's the advantage of a technology platform, but in terms of higher level skills, there are challenges there, and that's where the opportunity is that how do you scale up this workforce because the industry is growing, the industry is needing the employment, but that's not really coming forth in terms of its availability. Right, okay, let's move on to Jeddur in Saudi Arabia. Fatin, what kind of view was taken by the 60 or so men and women who you have been working with today to try and chart where Saudi and the Gulf will be moving? Well, we identified several challenges, okay, before we went into the solution. Can I talk about that? Well, just tell us about the scale of the problem and you need to identify that for those of us here who are not so familiar. Yes, yes, okay. Our biggest problem right now is that Saudi Arabia is facing a very unique demographic in the making. We have a very large young population, 70% under 30, and 35 of them under 14. So when these people enter the marketplace and get their jobs, there's still another generation coming in. They're not finding jobs. The education system has not built them to the ability where there's a mismatch between schemes. The biggest problem that we face right now is we do not have a national strategic policy that focuses on building the capacity of the youth or youth development and on how to integrate them into the public and political life. So what's happening is they're kind of marginalized. Their voices are not heard and they need validation. Add to that the problem of the fact that we are right now kind of in the eye of the hurricane of the political conflict that's going on in the region. And so when you have youth that are not employed, that don't have a recreational outlet, that's room for boredom, room for developing their own form of entertainment. The good thing is that they're entering into the volunteer sector. They're trying to create entrepreneurial activity. But on the other side, we have other youth who are going probably or that would be a risk to enter the extremist revolution that's taking place. But underpinning all of this is the need for reform. Yes, the government is doing a lot of initiatives to bypass the bureaucratic system, but we need reform at the K-12 schooling system. The kids at that age need to learn life skills, they need to learn ethics, behaviour, community service. And this is what will build the right mindset, the professionalism that will create the soft skills that's much needed now instead of saving it or trying to work on it once they're satisfied. All right, we'll come back to you for further details, although I was about to go to Orlando and Orlando has disappeared. That's the kind of thing that happens. Let me go therefore to get a creative view from another part of the gulf. What, Omar, is your view, not just about the Saudi challenge, but also what you're facing in Kuwait and what you're seeing right around the region, and particularly what it's doing to extremism? Well, you know, I'm heading up the web's regional business council and we're tackling the youth unemployment issue across the MENA region. As I'd mentioned earlier, we have a youth bulge, and Fatima, you had mentioned that. We have 60% of our population below the age of 25. We have a demographic like that. The jobs, incremental jobs that need to be created for those people are huge. So do you be talking about jobs or just work or something that can be monetized? Well, I think it's finding ways for people to engage in economy, people to be part of an economy so that they don't become radicalized, so that they don't go off and do silly things. But people, if they don't feel like they're part of an economy and participating in that economy, then that doesn't happen. But I think we have to just take one step back and look at our education system. I think there's a big issue with our education system and Fatima, you had touched on that. We don't teach critical thinking and in a fast changing world where the technology is shifting so fast. If you just teach somebody how to do a specific skill but not how to think, then as technologies shift, we as a region become unprepared to be able to deal with those fast changing shifts in technology. So one thing we need to deal with rapidly is addressing the way we teach, the pedagogical approach to teaching and teaching critical thinking. Another thing, if you look at how those jobs are going to be taken up, in Kuwait for instance, 93% of the population works for the government. That's a stark figure and I don't think there's any other country in the world with that percentage of the population working for the government. So as you have 60% of the population now below the age of 25 where the government can't take more than 93% of the population, you look at the existing companies such as ourselves, there's fixed percentages that we have to take of nationals. But if those nationals aren't prepared to work within the workforce, it makes your private sector uncompetitive because you're forced to take on people who aren't trained properly. So you really have to find ways to make sure people get trained better and for people to become entrepreneurs because once you become entrepreneurs, your economy becomes more efficient. You find people out there thinking through problems in different ways and finding ways to cross chasms that big companies can't. So for example, here's a tweet from Weisswa I think in Africa. Many young people across Africa are unemployed. Does the solution only lie in entrepreneurship? That could apply as well to your part of the world. The answer to the question, does it only lie in entrepreneurship? I think a big part of it does because if you look at the percentage of SMEs, you look at the percentage of entrepreneurship within our part of the world, it's really, really low. We're in the bottom quartile of ease of doing business. It's incredibly hard to tackle bureaucracy. Also, we don't have any bankruptcy laws across the MENA region. So if you go out there and you try to start up a business and you fail, there's not only the social stigma failure, but then you have years of legal cases on your back because there's no bankruptcy court to help you get out of that situation. So the risk reward as you look toward starting a business is the risk is so incredibly high versus the reward. So it's hard to ascent people to go out there and start up businesses unless you set up the proper legal frameworks to be able to do that. Right. Let's go to Abuja because then we can pick up as well with a view from Frank and also from here as well. Frank, what work has your group been doing and what have you identified at a time which is suddenly very different from what it would have been six months ago, suddenly for Nigeria is a critical moment when the oil revenues have fallen so dramatically for your country? Well, absolutely. We had an extremely... We had a very lively session earlier today and, like I said, we had about 120 people participating and for me personally, it was quite delightful to see the level of enthusiasm amongst these very young people and their keenness to have their voices heard and the sense that they feel that they're a part of a critical mass of people that need to contribute to finding solutions to the youth unemployment problem in Nigeria. Now I'm just going to go ahead to remind us that Nigeria has a very huge population of 173 million people as of 2013 and we're talking about a population that grows at an average of about 3.2% per annum and so we have a unique demographic in that about 75% of the entire population is below the age of 35 and then in the overall population you have youth unemployment as high as 40% to 50% so it's really huge and clearly whilst government has worked very hard for the years to try to find work and jobs for these critical mass of young people it's not succeeded much and so we believe very strongly that the salvation will lie in the hands of these young people and so in the course of our discussions today we believe that young people will have to learn to take personal responsibility for themselves a little more we're not absorbing government and other agencies from the responsibility in this respect but that we believe very strongly that young people in themselves have a huge role to play now one of the things that came across as well is the fact that is the skills gap that exists so that even with the existing jobs you don't find people who are employable who have the skills that are needed to feel these jobs so that's a different problem which has to do with the curriculum in the schools and so clearly the youth also believe that the educational system, the curriculum in particular has to be reformed to introduce entrepreneurial studies into the curriculum of schools so that young people begin to learn from a very early stage what needs to be done as an entrepreneur and then they become acquainted with this so by the time they're ready to come out of school they can actually self-employ if they couldn't find the kind of jobs that they require all right Frank for the moment thank you because we're going to go to Alicor Dangoti you come from Nigeria I should tell you that while you've been speaking Frank the other global shapers sitting somewhere else have just sent me a message loads of youths now go on YouTube and they learn a trade which they then end up monetising so already we're getting an idea of the kind of answers and solutions that are out there which are self-generated what's your perspective on what we've just heard from Frank? well my own perspective is what he said is true is right but you have to look at it from a different perspective what normally people go to university to learn majority of these things have actually been overtaken by technology technology really is doing most of these things so what I think we need to do is create more entrepreneurs and also doing vocational and technical training but the numbers are enormous the challenge is enormous it can't just be incremental and graduated because of the pace at which this is going to confront governments like yours well you know there are quite a lot of areas I chaired at one point the labour committee job creation committee created by the government and I think one of the areas that we did was to look at what are the hanging fruits one of the areas is that when you look at in Africa for example we have about 60% of the world's arable land and we are saying that yes you know they can actually go into agriculture and one of the things that we alone as a company in Dongwiti we rolled out to invest in agriculture you know where we gave a program of we got now about 320,000 hectares in three different I mean seven different locations in Nigeria and with that we will be able to create these jobs within four five years in two areas one is that we realize that Nigeria is importing 97% of the sugar we consume and we are saying that yes we have now opened what we call Dongwiti academy and we are training engineers and also technicians not only for our use for also people that want to finish 30% of them should go and find jobs and we are escalating that to a university level we have a lot of programs which we are doing which I believe it will be able to address the problems because the group in Amuja has been saying there's got to be a link between this private sector and universities a much stronger link with the private sector now influencing the curriculum the private sector yes definitely we are going to influence the curriculum of you know the universities because for example yes they do create you know people with degrees but that's not what we require and I think it's one of the reasons why we open up an academy and we are escalating it to a university because majority of people that we have even when we take them they have to go through our academy which will take them one year before we put them onto you know working in our factories and all getting them jobs elsewhere but do we have jobs yes you know a lot of people are investing heavily especially in so many areas in you know Africa there are a lot of investments coming but sometimes there is a mismatch which you might not be able to get people to do the kind of work you want them to you know to do Right well let's now move to Orlando Carla I hope you can hear me now we lost you for three or four minutes but I'd like you to underscore just how difficult this now is for the under 25s where the unemployment rate is double the national average and the poor group has identified in the last few hours Yes so what we have seen in our economy is not only that it definitely needs to be a capacity game it is a capacity game and it's important to consider the supply and demand and how educational institutions vocational technical and academic institutions are preparing millennials for the workforce not only with the necessary skills to be successful and to contribute to our economy but also to have the values and the character that is necessary to keep the job their skills will get them employed but the character and the values that they bring into the workforce is what is going to keep them employed on the long term so it is important to definitely focus on sustainability on the long term and to consider the demands of the workplace and we see more and more careers that are evolving and growing on the medical, on the STEM fields and especially in technology and simulation Orlando is positioned around the world as a growing economy for medical and technology and also Orlando is a community that receives individuals from all parts of the world and so we are very diverse so it's important to understand the need for cultural competencies and also the need to adapt to a diverse environment not necessarily just from the aspect of different cultures from a cultural aspect but also generational so it is the responsibility of our employers and of our millennials to understand the differences and celebrate the difference that they bring into the workplace Thank you Can I just ask is Alexis Ringwald here Oh you're here, I'm sorry Can I get a microphone here because Alexis has got a particular experience in the United States but Carla can I just come back to you particularly for the Hispanic communities and the other communities and the difficulties of actually getting them to be aware of what job or work opportunities there are out there because that's one of the issues that was identified by your group So the need for our community in Orlando to have cultural competencies and manuals and information that is available in multiple languages so the makeup of our community is very real We have a high population of Spanish speakers Haitian Creole speakers and it's necessary to communicate to our communities of our evolving community and our residents that are only Spanish speakers or only Creole speakers about the opportunities that are available in the workplace and opportunities that are available in technical school vocational schools and academic centers It is important also to inform youth on the opportunities where they can access education and really use education as an accelerator for their future It's definitely a pressing need in our community and something that day by day we continue to work and cultural competency and making opportunities available for minorities Thanks Carla I want to go to Alexis Ringwald because I met you yesterday and you pointed out some of the work you've been doing in the United States Can you just in a very short time you've been spending six months with those who are looking for work and talked about the loneliness and desperation because it seems to me we need to understand the impact that not having work and not having some kind of sense of moving forward does have on the spirit of trying to find a way of getting employed or getting monetized again Now Alexis, in literally a minute and a half can you just explain what you discovered Maybe if you could stand up so the camera can see you I'm Alexis, my company is the 2015 tech pioneer called Learn Up I spent six months in the unemployment lines of America researching why people couldn't find work and concluded that the skills gap is not just a skills gap but an information gap and that the way to fix training is involves three components we need training that is employer driven it needs to be responsive we need to constantly update the training dynamically as the job changes and it needs to be on demand it needs to be available right when the job is open so that somebody can train and then land themselves in a job Those are my conclusions after studying this issue and starting our company What did you discover as you spent time with the unemployment lines as you were just looking That it was just a very depressing experience you apply and apply and you never hear back and you never know what's wrong and no one will give you any feedback and it's a communication gap between what employers are looking for and what people keep applying for What does that tell you Dominic Thank you Alexis What does that tell you about if you like the mindset of those who can actually help move this forward with a degree of understanding that there's a potential solution I think the mindset's a critical one but I also couldn't agree more with the information gap that's out there most people don't know what jobs are available and if they do that they're out of date in terms of where they are turns out by the way in the United States there's 3 million unfilled jobs and those jobs are very exciting jobs they're unfilled and these are machinist you may think that's a blue collar hard core job but we're retiring that group out so there's big mismatches that are going on and I think that's a gap on the mindset we've also been doing some work in five countries to try and help generate jobs and we've got a big experiment going on in Pittsburgh and it's for nursing assistants and we've got 250 people now that have now been employed it took eight weeks of training most of that training was mindset training interestingly enough it was not about the skill it was mindsets it's about expectations management about the importance of coming to work on time really some basic things and the level of success 100% of them have been employed and that's 250 people so that's chicken change we need to do a scale it what we're excited about though is employers are the ones that are driving this now it's not just us because the ROI of training those people up for eight weeks they get a lower churn rate of people going through it it makes employers money to train those people it's eight weeks it's not a year and a half and the other thing I would just say is in that case 70% of those people are women that are going into these roles and half of those are single mumps so the stories are very emotional because they are rejected all the time they have no one supporting them part of the reason they can't go to work at times as their child gets sick so it's thinking about the support system so there's a whole ecosystem around it the challenge we have is how to scale it with speed I'd like to ask when I come back to the hubs can you reflect on what you're hearing here about mindsets about capacity about a new approach and what we've just heard from Alexis of the depression and despair that there is I'll come back to you in a moment Fatima what kind of other responses are we getting at the moment well we have one from Fasseranti Demi Lola who is asking the question how do we create jobs for youth in rural and conflict areas and another one from Adham Itum a gap between education system outputs and skill sets yet the gap is not filled your insights please can you just part that and think about that in a moment because I'd like to go to pay your Emerson because you're involved in a number of prototype schools in developing countries and including Saudi Arabia what is your experience as you try to do this on a non-profit basis if you could stand up I think one of the key things is really to know that education is changing rapidly the disruption is enormous with new technology and the fact that you have all the just turn the other way so they can see you on the television ok that you're all the knowledge really on your smartphone so the role of the teachers the coaches will be so different and then as Dominic Barton said you really have to find ways to get more vocational training and more of the kind of skill set that you need in the modern society at the same time when I'm looking I'm also involved in elderly care where we are trying to get those that have got some kind of handicaps to work in that area and then you have to reduce compensations levels a bit and that's one of the major problems where do you how high compensation can you pay and how many percentage of the population will never get the chance to get the job and I think there are lots of issues we have to address there both in education and compensation to get people into that first job just before you sit down when you hear what Dominic just said about that 8 week process and the 100% success rate what are you seeing in terms of the potential model I think there is enormous potentials if we can get into the right kind of private public partnerships because the most of the red tape that's in the head of politicians and bureaucrats and trade unions so there are lots of areas to rethink to be able to break new grounds thank you very much Indy do you want to pick up on any of those points please on the public-private partnership each region of the world has its own challenges and us in the Miner region we have this challenge of trying to get people more involved in private sector entrepreneurship there's one program that I helped to set up across the region and it's all involved with the Codin Jaws it's part of junior achievement globally we now put 400,000 youth through the program and through a independent study that was done the level of entrepreneurship of youth that go through the program increases four fold because there are parts of the GCC in particular where there's youth that's both mother father, uncles, everybody I know works for the government they don't know anybody that works for the private sector so when you have two private sector volunteers that go in and spend a semester with these youth help them start up a company help them understand what's involved being part of the private sector it really becomes a transformational thing particularly for young women and that's one major challenge that we face across the region if you look at the gender parity gap that we have across the Miner region and you compare it to the rest of the developing world it's three times as large if it was only two times as large our GDP would increase by six percent that would account for a trillion dollars worth of GDP annually I'm just looking at a couple of things particularly about the poor and those who are going to be victims of not being able to get work but here from Vanessa Delgado how can we make work or training more accessible for the poor or those who are in debt and can you maybe address that when I come back to the hubs do you have any thoughts please from Aliko but the poor we heard the 173 million in your country and we're seeing what's happening in many parts of your country to get much worse with the oil crisis yes well one of the advantage that we also have if you look at it today in Nigeria we have about 18 million housing deficits today and likely we partner with the government the government charges a levy on every turn of cement that we took into the country and we've been able to save about 100 million dollars so with this we have rolled out a program which is nationwide in Nigeria to say that yes if we train you to be a bricklayer, a mason or an electrician or a plumbing person or a carpenter you already will have a job because the industry is growing massively and with that he needs to pay for this and he will get the training free of charge we've just started about two months ago and we have about 100 million dollars so these are the kind of people that you create entrepreneurship they will be there they have their own business they don't have to even go and work for anybody but there are quite a lot of this and some of them will say ok fine but you know I cannot raise money and what we did is we have put down about 10 billion they have put down 10 billion it's about 130 million dollars they charge 10% and we charge 0% as Dengote Foundation so the interest rate average will be 5% which is very good interest in our kind of society so with that one you can also look at it that we can create quite a lot of jobs this is not only government but also responsibility it's also our responsibility because somebody asked me a question one day that look what really keeps you up at night and I said the level of unemployment that we have because unless we sort out that we will not be able to sort out some of the issues that we have it's not only in Nigeria I mean West Africa I mean for example you have a lot of tension in the Middle East now on area you have the Boko Haram if this youth they don't really find anything doing the attitude of sitting at home they will go to the other side either they will be on this side or the other side so we need to work so hard to keep them out of that environment right well look we've got about 25 minutes to run we started 5 minutes late and so we'll finish at about 5 past let's now move on to the area of trying to work how this can be moved forward what kind of other things are you getting at the moment Fatima to help frame this discussion we got one from Ebenezer Wikina and it's before we shape work I think we need to define work what is work it's not a salary it's a calling ok well look let's in the last 25 minutes try and move it forward we're never going to come to solutions but pointers as to what the solutions can be let me go to Carla first of all in Orlando about how to make human capital competitive now definitely to make human capital competitive it is very important to have the skills it is very important to consider the demands from employers and to put energy into private public partnerships with employers, with educational institutions and with the community in general community becomes very important to inform especially the poor about opportunities for employment and engaging in education and in work when it comes to the disparities in the educational system we definitely need to put emphasis on individuals who do not have that easy access to education work gives dignity and I can speak as a founder of a non-profit that helps with education Hope Now International the focus on young individuals to shape that idea of work in that position in community and contribution I think the mentors played an incredible role and there is always that call for professionals to really encourage young people especially young people from minorities or from other parts of the world to engage in conversations about employment and career plans to focus on what the future can be shaped and to give hope and because it is very difficult to be unemployed and we are pretty much with a new generation the generation most educated in the whole history of the United States Millennials are graduating from colleges are incredible rates also graduating with incredible deaths so having a mentor that he can provide direction guidance and hope is very important for our youth Thank you One comment here from Nimat Caw is working from home a more productive strategy for working today what do companies think about that does it just simply save cost bear that in mind when I come to you at the end or later on in the discussion but it does raise if I may just put it to Carla in 30 seconds please you use the word employers there of course what we are seeing is new forms of work being generated as we heard about YouTube generating new ideas, monetizing it everyone is self employed then So definitely the workplace is changing and it takes up that opportunity to be agile and adapt to the workplace most employers are open to have employees that are you know from remote locations or they have diverse different jobs and different roles within organizations I think it takes time to adapt to the changes but also is very important to consider that the marketplace is changing and it takes everyone in the landscape of employment to adapt to that change and it takes many different ways to really learn new skills youth might be learning new skills from a YouTube video that they can put in place if that's the way of learning especially when young people who are more technology advanced I think employers need to take advantage of that alright, excuse me thank you, let me just ask our panel here Dominic, Omar and Aliko this word employers rather like job and work should we be talking about employers still is that still the old mindset Dominic? I think it's very much the old mindset I think it has to be I think you put it well participating in the economy you may be your own employer if you will I come back to this notion Alexis about information if we can get more information about what needs there are out there not just from corporates but even again what people don't necessarily know they need and I don't want to keep using belaboring Uber but it's interesting it's not displaced taxis it's actually additive to what taxis are doing it's actually creating more work Airbnb the lodging that's their own work I think we'll find more of that I think a lot of people are saying is we need to be able to take responsibility to be able to find things we do but we need the information to know where it is and then most importantly the education I go with pay it we have too much of an aggregated system why should it take two years to be able to learn something why can't I break that down and that's where the YouTube this coding for a day there's a lot of innovation going on and trying to train people in very specific skills to get them in the system and I think once you can get in the system and build a base you can then go from there but we've got to be able to get people into the system right let's go around the hubs let's keep going to Frank in Abuja let me pick up on what Peie and also Dominic have just been saying about education you were talking about it earlier we were talking about it with you and Aliko about the new relationship with the university systems but what's your view of your group about how education can help at least minimise or reduce the challenges even if it can't resolve them absolutely gentlemen and ladies I mean there was a very it was a very interesting conversation even the issue of mindset came up so many times so it's so interesting to hear that whether it's in Orlando or in Jeddah or even amongst a top panelist with you in Davos that everyone is converging around that issue of mindset and so on the matter of education everyone agrees that it is critical but one thing I must say is that education is not an end in itself I think that's a fact that has been established and so a lot depends on what happens when you've become educated what do you do with it and that is where the issue of skills then come in there's a very interesting system in Germany today where there's a very strong collaboration between the private and the public sectors where they jointly actually pick up the cost of training germans who look into bridge skills gaps over a period either on the job or in specialized institutions that have been set up for the purpose now I believe that that is one way to go to really rejuvenate some of these institutions which we used to have in Nigeria a long time ago anyway and then in the light of 21st century developments to consider the possibility of having better articulated internship programs amongst existing businesses and then having people certified for the skills that they acquire during the period we have a system here called the industrial training fund which was set up in the 1970s by government to take care of this but it's become weakened so I think part of what the Abuja hub is pushing to do is to see how they can better engage the industrial training fund here in Nigeria to see how we can begin to have better understanding of the skills needs within the private sector in industry and therefore encourage say the Nigerian University's Commission and the curriculum development agencies of government to really work together with the private sector to develop training programs for the skills that are identified within the industrial space alright thanks let's move on now to both Jeddah and Chandigar we've got about 15 minutes but I want to hear from you where your initiatives are pointing us or certainly how whatever your group came up with can help some radical rethinking changing that mindset which is the word that several of you have picked up on already let's go to Jeddah and particularly this idea of the role of women and the changes that you are seeing you've been one of the pioneers in the vanguard of making sure that the status of women is asserted now in the kingdom how are you seeing this changing quickly please well yes I have to say the last 10 years I'm sorry I'm going to pick up my ears because I'm having an extra so I'll talk some more can you hear me the second yes ok so basically in Saudi Arabia women's issues in the last 10 years has advanced dramatically and I think it all has to do mostly and primarily for political will King Abdullah has been instrumental in bringing the issue of women to the fore there might have been many reasons for that we won't go into it now but we have now parliamentarians 30% of our parliament is consisting of women and that was really groundbreaking women are entering the workforce ministries are becoming very aggressive and we have a lot of cultural issues here that really do not want women into the workforce and so we have this dichotomy between capitalizing on the return of the investment of our women and listening to the conservatives and having women stay at home so for example now the employment of women has dramatically maybe a lot since the ministry of labour has imposed upon all companies to employ women sales people especially in areas where the products are women clothings and what to have you but you know I just wanted to talk a bit about the entrepreneurship thing you know is it the solution to create the entrepreneurial mindset it is critical that you give it the proper backing entrepreneurs have to be creative have to be risk takers they have to have access to funding so all these structural elements need to be in place because we can create entrepreneurs but the truth of the matter at least in my country is that the startups usually fail after a year or two with a loss and a lot of how do you say damaged egos because then they feel that they fail so we need to have in place I want to also talk about sorry the private sector I think we're at a time in my country where we really have to collaborate collaboration everybody has to share the responsibility of not just the public sector but also the private sector private sector needs to invest in training and development of the youth they employ now they are mandated to employ youth south youth it might be a bit of a hiccup right now but in the long run this investment will pay off so we have all these issues that are related to the general employment of youth but for women specifically we have cultural barriers we have a lot of restrictions put on the private sector where if they need to employ youth they have to have separate or segregated facilities they need to have crashes for day care and this is an added financial burden so we need to revisit these policies so that we can make it more of an incentive we need to give incentives to the private sector to employ women all right thank you very much indeed let me go to Jotty as well and can I just put you all on notice in the hubs I would like to come to you for literally more than a minute to ask what kind of alert you would like to give to all the politicians and senior business people gathered here in Davos to make them realise just how profoundly challenging this is both for them and the communities and the shareholders that they represent Jotty let me move forward quickly if you can to your assessment of how decisive you've got a new government for the last eight months ten years don't want to make too much of a rash political judgement but they've changed the mindset in your country how much are they going to be judged by how many jobs or how much work they can somehow facilitate with a new atmosphere created in the country of almost 1.3 billion well Nick in fact the big question here is that has the government brought about a change in mindset or has the change said that is happening in India brought about a change in government in fact people in India now have access to every sort of communication and are having an exposure of what's best practice in the world and they want it in the country now in fact when we were talking about education one of the major problems in India is that people believe that education is separate from work that they get done with education at a certain point in time then they get into work and then education never comes back into work and that's a problem that how do you get into work then use your work experience to come back into education so you essentially bring work experience back into education then you can back and forth to upgrade the levels of both so those are the kind of questions being asked but in terms of your question as to what is going to be the judgment of the government here in India people expecting a lot from the government but it is essentially a bottom up change that is happening in India it's a bottom up change that's going towards the government the government has to kind of respond to it it's not a top-down authoritarian system unlike in some countries where you can impose your will and get things done so it's a bottom up movement that's happening in India a lot of expectations from the government the government has promised one unique initiative they say that they are going to have a pool of the best faculty from the top universities across the world bring them into India and then loan them out to institutes across India so that the skilling takes place here so a lot of initiatives underway now a lot of challenges for the government and as Singapore's former president Lee Kwan who had once said India is not a single country it's actually 32 countries joined by the British Rail system it's very challenging very complex one major issue is reservation here people don't reservation they want it to be a skill based thing they want it to be on merit so those are the challenges for the government but as we said earlier it's a mindset that has changed in India the government has to live up to it there are huge expectations from the government but with this huge youth base that has the largest that the planet has ever seen in India right now quickly and then I'll come to the panel let me go to Carla first literally in less than a minute if you can your message for all the good and the great gathered here when it comes to the enormity of the challenge that you're experiencing and you've analyzed definitely for the we have armies of millennials who are untapped resources in our communities and the call for politicians the government and individuals and power is to create more opportunities paid internships education that is accessible to all education should not be a matter of privilege it should be a matter of a right for someone who is interested in learning education is the best way to lead poverty so it's definitely very important to create those channels and those opportunities especially for minorities and for individuals that come from poverty Fatin, your view Fatin, your view from Jeddoplys about the real message of the enormity which has to be really transmitted to the political and corporate leaders here Absolutely we need to definitely have a plan in place for the development of youth and we need alignment everybody needs to be serious about it and they need to integrate them in the system and listen to them right now they are marginalized and their voices are not heard Frank, your view from Abucha Yes, well our view here is that businesses and indeed the entire society will continue to be in danger and face ultimate destruction unless we pay attention to this huge segment of our population educating them keeping them healthy and making sure that they acquire skills and I believe that Mr Dango is there he's done quite a lot as an individual and in his capacity of his company but he needs to be able to mobilize his colleagues in Nigeria's private sector to consider able to influence his government to continue to encourage them to embrace reforms and bring about change And Jotie your view from India, beyond India but from your position and among the shapers as you look out what else is happening in the South Asia and ASEAN region Absolutely large numbers of people here moving on the youth kind of getting into the workforce lot of aspirations lot of access to digital communication instant access to what is best practice so pressure on the government to move fast it's no longer time to move slow now because people expect change fast they want the governments to react fast and they want to turn it into a pure meritocracy it shouldn't be bogged down by politics it shouldn't be bogged down by caste by your class, by your faith they want it to be a meritocracy they want the governments to move fast so that they can propel this vast youth base into progressive work environments and make it a win-win situation for everyone Jotie, thank you and thank you to all of you for joining us on the hub stay with us, don't go away, I'm just thanking you at the moment because we're going to have some final comments but Fatima, what else is coming in on Twitter? We have a comment from Perez Okizunu what are the blueprints towards a youth inclusive economy and then another one from Zeynem Mahmood I think education and entrepreneurship are not and either when it comes to job creation and the final one from Daniel Abbey who says that community is important to open access to education and employment opportunities for the poor Thanks Fatima, we've had an enormous amount of traffic and for those of you who weren't here at the beginning it's running into tens of not hundreds of thousands and millions are at least aware of this discussion going on somewhere out there beyond those cameras right, let me come back to the three of you here when you hear that and I'm going to pick up particularly what Frank said societies in danger of destruction which is probably the extreme end of much of what everyone has been saying from the hubs and all the global shapers and other comments from you and elsewhere but societies in danger of destruction now this is very stark language do you think that message is understood here Omar? I think that the the normary of the problem that over the next decade 90 million incremental jobs need to be created that the urgency I don't think has fell You're still talking about jobs? Well, the inclusion into economies that 70 to 90 million people should be included into economies inclusive into the economies that the politicians in our region don't understand the normary of that problem and don't really see that coming although the numbers are there and it's happening and aren't reacting enough to it I think that everybody should really see the normary of the problem and be reacting to it rapidly education Are they seeing the enormity of this problem? I don't think they are because you don't see the changes being made to legal frameworks for instance to allow people to be inclusive into the economies you don't see the changes being made to the education systems to bring in more critical thinking to give them the skill sets required Alicor your view both in your country but also here and among those you deal with as a corporate leader Well my own view is that I think we actually need to be more serious because we've been talking about this youth unemployment we've seen the destruction that they caused in the North Africa where the top almost three or four governments and if you look at it what we need to do now is to attack this issue on all fronts both the government the private sector the civil society we need to really see how do we create jobs and we follow on both vocational vocational technical creating entrepreneurs I mean from where I come from for example in Nigeria Nigerians like to work for themselves more than working anywhere also it is easier for us to create entrepreneurs but they need also the capital so there is going to be a lot of reforms which I believe the government private sector civil society will have to sit down and take this more serious than just a talk show Dominic last word you're the consultant you analyse your independent except for those who pay for you wherever they are governments or corporates but I say that because you take the trouble to produce a lot of documents and analyses which actually you've decided to produce and when it comes to the enormity of this societies in danger of destruction do you think that really is resonating with those who ultimately are the leaders currently in governments and in the corporate world I think what Frank said I agree with that statement it is destructive for society I mean we know it isn't just the 75 to 90 million not participating in the economy the New Zealand government did very good work on the cost of someone being unemployed is not just the unemployed person and the unemployment insurance and so forth there's crime, there's health issues it's the issue you want to get to so I think we should start seeing this as a pandemic what if this was forgive me for saying the example Ebola and looking at what we would be marshalling the troops like you wouldn't believe right now what it is and I'm looking in the mirror this way myself too it's a bit of a cocktail conversation we can all rattle out 75 million I'll have another glass of champagne later maybe it's 78 million should I make clear there's no champagne in this room I know that we're being very sure but what I mean is that there's a sense that we can talk about it but we all and I said I'm looking in the mirror when I say it we have to do something and the part of the challenges we're doing this the education system is not working if the youth would just be a little more determined about what they would work harder and blah blah blah and I think what we need to do is each of us take responsibility in our own way I think there are an enormous number of really inspiring examples we've heard some of them earlier this afternoon from this group here ICICI bank out in India helping train people on how to do electronics using technology the agricultural side of things that are going on so I think we have to the commitment to action I think we've done enough analyzing and we've got to move and we need to take these examples and spread them out as fast as we can create the incentives to do it and I think all of us take ownership for driving it because I think it's a pandemic type problem that we're dealing with Thanks Dominic pandemic destruction of societies dangers there Fatima one last comment yes that will have to go to Zainab Mahmood the smart ones go to university and others get vocational training are we getting this wrong if university is not the answer to jobs I think what we may have started off with earlier is a comfort zone of understanding the problem but as Dominic and all three panelists have said this is now an urgent problem when you talk about a pandemic and actually many people got Ebola wrong apart from medecins en frontier back in March World Health Organization said it wasn't going to be an epidemic as it's turned out to be it's about thinking the unthinkable here and the unthinkable perhaps is happening a lot faster than many people and politicians are prepared to acknowledge but I ask you to take away the issue of mindset, the issue of training the different kinds of education the skill shortage the numbers that we're talking about and societies in danger of destruction and this word which you've put on the agenda of a pandemic that is deeply worrying I fear we're going to be convening again this time next year to discuss exactly the same thing but what I will do if I'm invited to do it and the global shapers want me back is to say remember what we said a year ago what has changed if anything so thank you very much indeed for being here and thank you to all of you I don't know how many of you are there are out there but I was told 24 million are watching somewhere or at least registering this I've got one more question for you Dominic I'm not going to give you the name but someone has tweeted can I get a job at McKinsey without a degree oh yes is the answer and I'll give you one other example I learned Harvard Business School the former dean John MacArthur said they had and have a tradition of admitting people without an undergraduate degree into the business degree program and in 90% of those cases people end up in the top 10% of the class that inspired me in a way we were too formulaic in what we're looking for alright well to Chandigarh, to Jeddha, to Orlando to Abuja and here in Davos thank you all very much indeed for being with us