 The number of electric vehicles, EVs, is increasing rapidly due to advances in technology, such as improved lithium ion, Li-ion, and batteries. These batteries provide the necessary energy storage for EVs and have been the focus of much research over the last few decades. This paper discusses the key components of Li-ion batteries, including their material and thermal characteristics, as well as approaches to improving their efficiency, capacity, and lifespan. Additionally, the potential for repurposing and recycling Li-ion batteries is explored. This article was authored by Yu-Miao, Patrick Heinen, Annette Von Ju-An, and others.