 Okay guys so sorry for being delayed I was I was I was late from I was late for from my office so I mean I went to Rajasinagar was delayed while coming back so only 18 people are here most of the Rajasinagar people will not join today. Let me check if people from Yashwantpur are there yes they are there so few people complained me about they have problem with the what do I say clocks and calendars so I am giving a question of calendars first suppose 1st July 2018 was Monday what would be 2nd February 1962 just find it out yeah this is a sad session only Chhittis I will take 10-15 minutes to clarify the doubts and then I will take the sad session only only 10-15 minutes so all this question let me know it has started some more look at here all of you if you are not getting this question in this much of time then you are not revising it properly should I wait for some more time anyone needs time let me know Shreyas are you getting the voice now if not you join again okay enough time look at here now I can't give more time for this question the first rule is between 2 consecutive year for same date look at the February in between leap if you are going forward it is plus 2 if you are going backward it is minus 2 if non-leap these are for days if non-leap going forward plus 1 going backward minus 1 then try to understand every leap year repeats itself every 28 years this is the second rule for months there is third rule third rule is count the number of days in every month and find out odd days so January March May July August October and December they have 31 days so 3 odd days so if I am crossing these months crossing any month means suppose I am talking about 15 August to 15 September for whichever month last day is coming either going forward or going backward that month would be considered for odd days so 15 August to 15 September going forward or going backward August 31st is coming so 31 days are there so 3 odd days going forward I will add plus 3 in number of days I will add minus 3 if I am going backward then if it is 28 days then 0 addition and 0 subtraction if it is 29 it is plus 1 or minus 1 going backward and forward all other months have 30 days so 2 days positive negative this is going forward this is going backward why plus 1 here because 1 odd days why 0 days because 1 0 odd days why 2 days because 2 odd days so in this question what I need to do so I am taking this question on the other page I have given that first July 2018 is Monday so 2nd February 2000 sorry not 2000 1962 would be how much is that the question right let me just check once before I solve yes 2018 and 1962 so try to understand first July 2018 I have always told you that go to leap year if this is Monday 17 would be July 18 will come non-leap so this would be Sunday and first July 2016 in between February 2017 will come non-leap so this will be Saturday so I have reached non-leap February now try to understand sorry I have reached to leap year if I have reached to leap year so 2016 minus 28 so how much it would be it would be 1988 and 1988 minus 28 is 1960 so I have reached first July 1960 it would also be Saturday so now I will move forward so first August would be Saturday plus 3 so Tuesday September so one second one second let me just find it out for first July 1961 I thought I have to find it in 1961 that's why I started doing so first July 1961 would be plus 1 Sunday because July February 61 will come which is non-leap so now let me go to August so August would be plus 3 so Wednesday September would be I am crossing hours so plus 3 so Thursday Friday Saturday October would be plus 2 so Monday November would be plus 3 so Thursday December would be plus 2 so Saturday January would be plus 3 so Tuesday and February first would be Tuesday plus 3 so Tuesday plus 3 is how much Friday so first February is Friday so second February would be Saturday so what have I done I have reached to first July 2016 if first July 2016 is Saturday so then 2016 minus 28 is 1988 and minus 28 is 1960 so 1960 first July would be Saturday so 1961 would be Sunday so August would be Sunday plus 3 Wednesday plus 3 Saturday plus 2 Monday then plus 3 so Monday plus 3 is Tuesday Wednesday Thursday then plus 2 Saturday then plus 3 Tuesday then plus 3 Friday so it has to be Saturday so if one person gets wrong answer there is a trend that all of you get wrong answer and that is an apprehensive that whether you are doing it yourself or not the answer is Saturday just write it down so I hope you understood this I will give you one more question and then I will go to SAT so the question is similar type of question first February 2017 was suppose Thursday so first September 2028 would be what okay few answers which I have been getting as Saturday okay I will wait for others to okay so what I do is as a lot of people are getting Saturday only one answer I am getting as Friday okay I will check now how do you solve this question so do you keep on doing it for 11 years do you remember for do you remember what I told that okay let me do it every leap year repeats itself after 28 years but I told you leap plus formulas for leap plus 1 leap plus 2 leap plus 3 I will do it for leap plus 1 you do it for leap plus 2 and leap plus 3 and let me know leap plus 1 suppose this is only leap plus 1 so I have told you it is 6 years I show you how it is 6 years so first Feb 2017 is Thursday so 18 would be Friday 19 would be Saturday 20 would be Sunday 21 would be Tuesday 22 would be Wednesday and see 23 is coming out to be Thursday so I did this because I had to show that because most of you I can assume that you are not understanding you are not remembering the formula I told you that these this is 6 years this is also 6 years this you find out and let me know next class so 2023 it is so if you look at the year and if it is L plus 1 or L plus 2 just jump 6 years and go to 23 or any possible years so 23 it is Thursday 24 it will be Friday 25 it would be what do you say 25 it would be Sunday and 26 it would be Monday so 7 it would be Tuesday 28 first February would be Wednesday now 1st March would be because this is a leap year 1st March would be 1st March would be 1st March 2008 would be plus 1 so it will be Thursday then 1st April would be 1st April would be Thursday plus 3 so Sunday 1st May would be Sunday plus 2 so I am writing plus 2 here Tuesday then 1st June would be plus 3 Tuesday plus 3 is Friday 1st July is Friday plus 2 Sunday 1st August is Sunday plus 3 Wednesday 1st September is Wednesday plus 3 Saturday now 1st September is Saturday most of you gave me correct answers now try to understand one thing here as soon as the shortcut to solve this method is look at here to solve this question with shortcut what I will do is what I have 1st February 2017 is Thursday so I directly write with because this is L plus 1 year so I write this is 23 so this will be Thursday 1st February 23 would be again Thursday so 6 years this is not required from here to here then I go I know 24 would be Friday 25 would be Sunday 26 would be Monday 27 Tuesday and 28 Wednesday now 1st February 20 1st February 28 is Wednesday now is it a leap year yes this is a leap year so I don't need to do this much I know that 1st Jan would be because 1st Jan would be this is 1st February 1st Jan would be Sunday minus 3 why I am calculating Jan because I know that in leap year calendar of January and calendar of July repeats itself so 1st July would be again you look at here where is 1st July see July here is Sunday so I can write July here is Sunday I can write August here is Wednesday and 1st September would be Saturday so this much of a step can be done in half the steps no it is August plus 3 in August we have 31 days so we have plus 3 number of odd days in August is 3 because number of days in August is 31 okay now let me go to sat portion and let me start sat portion okay so what I will do now is okay how many of you have studied third chapter state government let me know how many of you have studied third chapter okay nobody good very good keep on enjoying like this and keep on dreaming about clearing NTSC state government there is nothing sort of either you have studied or you have not studied so when I was teaching you palia ventric form of government I also taught you in that chapter is we have federal form of government also though India is a union the government or the governance of India is on the basis of federalism so in that federalism it is very important that different states have elected governments so that is why we have elected governments in states how many states we have we have 29 states and 7 union territories sorry we have 29 states and 7 union territories it has been given 6 in your book just clarify it these are 7 union territories so the model of the governance is same that in what happens here we have a precedent so we have a parliament here in parliament just give me a moment so we have a parliament here in central government who are part of parliament precedent executive and other legislators precedent cannot function except few discretionary decisions precedent cannot function without the support of executive in parliament I have 2 houses I have Lok Sabha and I have Raj Sabha this is upper house this is lower house similarly in states we have the palia ventric format in state is called assembly now in few states see except these states where I am marking here except these states there is no Raj Sabha concept in states so we have only legislative assembly few states which are Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have bicameral houses it means that apart from legislative assembly legislative councils are there so here it is called Lok Sabha and Raj Sabha here it is called Lok Sabha and legislative council LA and LC and LC is legislative council it is not necessarily there in all the states it is only there in few states which have Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana other states it is not there so it is only present in you can say 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 states it is not present in any other state now as you know about the house so in assembly here we have instead of president we have governor and governor is appointed by the president and then we have elected executive so we have chief minister plus cabinet which is your executive and we are sorry we have legislative other MLAs which are not part of executive so the format remains same what we need to understand over here is that president is replaced by governor in state prime minister is replaced by chief minister in state executive remains same I mean executive is the role of executive remains same now the people are same and then the difference is it is not necessary that we always have legislative council now legislative because Hindi name has been written in the book legislative assembly is called Vidhan Sabha and legislative council is called Vidhan Parishad so Lok Sabha is or Vidhan Sabha is the model of Lok Sabha legislative council or Vidhan Parishad is on the model of Rajasabha this is on the model of Lok Sabha so now what is there so we have state government follow the model of central government and thus legislative executive and judiciary so judiciary in case of judiciary we have supreme court at central level we have high court on state level state government has power to frame law on state subject so I have already told you that there are three lists central list state list and concurrent list so central list the rules or laws are made in the parliament on state list respective states make laws on the subjects given in state list and implement them only in their own state so for that matter look at here for that matter police system each state has its own police like we have Karnataka police we have UP police we have Maharashtra police we have Tamil Nadu police they are recruited by their respective state governments how exam would be conducted when exam would be conducted how people would be selected is decided by respective governments so whether outsiders are allowed whether outsiders are not allowed everything is decided by the government and rule would be only bounded inside that state it is not taken out of the state now let's discuss about state legislatures so I have already told you that state legislature has three part like in parliament there are three parts in parliament we have two houses Lok Sabha and Rajasabha and president is an integral part of parliament because without his signature no law becomes an act in India law cannot be framed similarly in state legislature wherever two houses are there the seven states that I have counted their legislative assembly which is called with Han Sabha legislative council which is called with Han Parisa plus governor is integral part of state legislature if legislative council is not there in any state then the state legislature has only two parts first is governor and the second is the legislative assembly I have already told that legislative assembly is the model or replica of Lok Sabha in Lok Sabha we have elected members similarly in legislative assembly we have elected members in legislative council like Rajasabha members are elected indirectly similarly legislative council members are elected indirectly now what is with Han Sabha so with Han Sabha how many maximum seats can be there so generally it is written in the constitution that the maximum number of seats in legislative assembly with Han Sabha cannot be more than 500 and it is still the rule we have highest number of seats in legislative assembly in Uttar Pradesh there are 403 seats in constitution also it has been written that it should not go below 60 but it has been amended and for few states like Mizoram and Goa the number of seats are actually 40 we have in Karnataka 225 members 224 members are elected and one Anglo Indian community member from Anglo Indian community is nominated by the governor so state with maximum number of legislative seats is max MLAs member of legislative assembly 403 in UP and least is 40 so where it is this is in UP where it is Mizoram and Goa and third one is in Karnataka we have 225 I am writing it 224 plus 1 this is elected and this is nominated now nomination is not done by a chief minister it is done by governor so one member from Anglo Indian community is nominated by the governor so don't take chief minister as an option there qualification of members of legislative assemblies it is almost similar to the member of Lok Sabha so he should be citizen of India should have completed 25 years should not be employed in office of profit I have already told you office of profit last class should not be punished by court I have told you that should not be punished by court has certain regulations so if a person has been punished by court in imprisonment of more than 2 years then he cannot contest an election 6 years after his release once he is getting released after his imprisonment 6 years he has to wait and then only he can go for election and if it is of less yes so the person who is nominated can support a party he can choose his yes he can choose his he can choose which party he wants to support and within 6 months he has to do once he is nominated within 6 months he has to tell that which party he is going to support if within 6 months he is not telling that he is which party he is supporting then it depends on his will then he is considered to be independent and he can do anything if he wants then he cannot join any party if he is joining any party after 6 months of nomination then his candidature can be terminated so he should not be of unsound mind should not be an insolvent insolvent means the bank should not declare anyone insolvent and qualification so here rule of qualifications are there so rule of qualification over here is that a assembly can decide that sorry a parliament can decide the qualification of people who want to be selected for legislative assembly so if such qualifications are there I don't think any such I mean any such things are there in Rajasthan Panchayat elections when BJP government was there before what do you say before February yes February they impose I mean there was a rule obviously when I say that people can do it if within 6 months he says that I am supporting any party nothing can be done against him a lot of people in I can tell you in Rajasthani a lot of people are a lot of people got nominated 12 people got nominated and a few of them has chosen to support within 6 months few parties so this is very much possible so in Rajasthan Panchayat elections educational qualification was demanded so people more than 10th pass I think were allowed to contest elections this rule has been perhaps abolished by the new government now let me go to Tom of office so I you know that Lok Sabha has a maximum time period of 5 years after 5 years the Lok Sabha has to be dissolved it is not a permanent body so look similarly legislative assembly members are elected for 5 years the assembly can either get dissolved before 5 years if the government does not have required number of majority or if it if it continues for 5 years anyway after 5 years the assembly has to be dissolved and elections will happen in state and the new government has to be selected similarly suppose any particular like in Karnataka Karnataka now before yesterday SD Kumara Swami former chief minister Mr. SD Kumara Swami resigned on 26th or 27th 25th July I think and yesterday on 26th July he resigned on 24th 23rd I don't remember it so within those 3-4 days there was no answer chief minister Mr. Kumara Swami was only the caretaker chief minister so whenever no proper chief minister is there in the state the state is ruled by the president with the help of governor so once the governor knows that no party is able to form the government for certain time period he will write to the president stating that as no party is able to form the government elections will take time to happen like if the president rule gets imposed on any particular state the election commission has to conduct election in 6 months so election commission has total time period of 6 months with itself but within 6 months who will take care of the government who will take care of the state the functioning of the state has to happen right so functioning of the state when no chief minister is there would happen under the purview of president and who will take care of that the governor of the state see state cannot impose any emergency emergency will be imposed only by parliament so there is no such provision in which state can impose emergency there is no provision in constitution absolutely not and if like in Jammu and Kashmir president rule is being applied for more than 6 months still elections have not happened there why because if election commission or the central government finds that this is not the right time to this is if the central government finds that this is not the right time to conduct the elections in that state the president rule can be applied if emergency has been imposed in the state see president rule itself is an emergency so this emergency is called I told state emergency this is called article 356 no constitutional government over there so if this is maximum for 6 months with parliamentary approval this can be increased by 6 months at a time if it is not possible to conduct the elections okay now as we have speaker and deputy speaker in the parliament we have speaker and deputy speaker in the assembly also proceeding is taken care by speaker he has the function of maintaining the peace dignity all these things try to understand one thing is so you should understand that I told that the chairman of the Rajya Sabha is vice president of India so I told that legislative council is modeled on Rajya Sabha I also told that governor is replica of president in state so whatever function of more or less I am not saying 100% more or less whatever function of president is there in the center the same thing is more or less the same thing is done by the governor here but president below president vice president is there below governor there is no deputy governor post hence in legislative council chairman is not deputy governor or something like this chairman would be one of the members of legislative council so this is one difference okay so now let me go to legislative powers so functions legislative powers I can legislative power is framing rules on on on which subjects rule can be framed so state list and concurrent subjects the list the rules can be framed when does it becomes act when both the houses passes it and governor signs it there can be a situation where the bill may require approval of the president like few financial bills in state can be sent to the president or if there is anything anti-national happening in any state and the governor feels that this particular bill is anti-national or not abiding by constitution or financially it is not viable or financial status of the bill is not correct the bill may be sent to the president of India for approval what are the financial power so I have already told you that the financial power of Lok Sabha is more than Rajya Sabha all the finance bills are introduced only in Lok Sabha with the prior approval of president it can only be initiated in Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha can only Rajya Sabha can not make any amendments Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give suggestions Rajya Sabha can only give only keep any particular financial bill for 14 days. If it is not sending the bill back to Lok Sabha in 14 days, it is assumed to be passed by Rajasabha. If Rajasabha gives any particular suggestion for change, Lok Sabha can accept it and reject it. Similarly for legislative assembly, any financial bill can be, has to be presented in the legislative assembly only. And then only it goes to legislative council after getting passed in legislative assembly. It has to be done with prior permission of governor. If legislative council doesn't have any power to make any amendment, it can suggest change. If legislative assembly wants that change to be accepted, it can accept it, otherwise it can reject it. Legislative council can only keep a financial bill for 14 days. If legislative council is not sending the bill after 14 days, it is assumed to be passed. So financial power, I have told you, administrative power. Administrative power is that I have already told you that first of all, majority should be there with the chief minister, the state government. If majority is there, then only it can function. It can govern the state. I have also told you that council of minister is individually accountable. What do I mean by individually accountable? Whatever he's doing, he has to give every detail to the legislative assembly. And if a no-confidence motion, and the whole council of minister is accountable to legislative assembly, it means that suppose I propose a no-confidence motion against the government, because I find a particular bill to be something not proper. So if government loses that no-confidence motion, even if the bill is related to one certain ministry, the whole government will have to resign. So that is what it is. The whole council of ministers is accountable to legislative assembly. What do you mean by electoral powers? So legislative assembly needs to elect speaker and deputy speaker of the assembly. The members of legislative assembly vote for election of president and members of Rajasabha. Members of legislative council, look at here, members of legislative council does not vote for, vote in election of Rajasabha member and president election. Member of legislative council will not vote here. You should understand it from the fact that every state does not have legislative assembly. So it would be a non-equal background. Other powers are members of legislative assembly discuss bill passed by parliament when need arises. I told you that in case of bill on GST, 15 states, 50% of the states had to pass it. So that's what happens. If parliament passes any bill to state legislative assemblies, state legislative assemblies would discuss it and if it is passed that it would be said that that state has passed the particular bill. I told that different reports are read by or different reports are discussed by the parliament. Like I told that CAG report, election commission report, UPSC report, law commission report, all these things are discussed by parliament in details. Similarly, reports at the state level like state public service commission report and other reports are discussed at state legislative assembly level. Now let me go to legislative council. So legislative council is the upper house of state legislature. The strength cannot be one third of the legislative assembly, cannot be more than. So suppose in Karnataka, if you have to find out how many can be maximum number of seats. So in Karnataka, 225 seats are there. So it cannot be more than one third of 225, which is 75. So look at here, the number of members of Karnataka legislative council is 75. Which state has highest legislative council members? UP has highest legislative council. Members, it has 100 members in legislative council. Karnataka has 75 and it should not be less than 40. These members represent five areas. So legislative members of legislative council, they are called MLCs. So I am saying MLCs. MLCs are selected basically from five different areas. Some are selected by the members of legislative assemblies. Few MLCs are selected by local bodies. Few of them are from graduate members. Few of them are from teachers. So five of, they are selected by five different members. Elected by four different types of electoral votes. And fifth one is nomination by governor. So you already know that the areas from which people are chosen are art, literature, education, social service, science, sports. And legislative council is a permanent body. It never gets dissolved. The membership is off for six years and one third of the members will get elected every two years. Similarly, MLC. So qualification would be as per the Rajasabha, citizen of India, 30 years, every two years, one third of the members of legislative council retire. So elections will happen. The office is for six years. Speaker and deputy speaker are chosen from the members. Why this has been specifically written? Because in Rajasabha, speaker is vice president of India. There is no deputy governor of any state. Hence, there is no chairman concept in legislative council. So speaker and deputy speaker would be among the members only. So this concept is very important. And speaker assumes chairmanship during the proceedings of house and ensures dignity and decorum of the house. Legislative, except financial bill, any other will can be presented first here. If it is passed, it is sent to the second house. But try to understand if legislative assembly sends a bill here. It cannot hold it for more than three years. It cannot be held for more than or withheld for more than three months, sorry, not three years. So it cannot be withheld for more than three months. So legislative assembly passes a bill, sends it to legislative council. It can keep any bill for except finance bill for three months. After three months, bill automatically returns to legislative assembly. Legislative assembly can again send that bill to legislative council. This time it has to return the bill in one month. So legislative council can delay any bill for maximum four months. It cannot delay it for more than that. Rajasabha can delay any bill for any period of time. So that is the difference between Rajasabha and legislative council. In Rajasabha, there is no time period except finance bill, which applies to legislative council also. All other bills Rajasabha can keep it pending for years. No one has authority to ask why this bill has not been passed. So that's the case. If after four months also, the bill is not passed in legislative council, it is understood that it is passed by both the houses and sent for governance ascent. Process of creation, this is very, very important. And after this, the chapter is almost over. So if process of creation, you understand this chapter would be almost over. Process of creation is of any act. So process of creation of an act, how any act is made? So first the bill is presented. The person who tables the bill, tabling the bill means putting it on the table of the parliament. It means that a copy of bill is printed out. A date is decided that this is the bill that we are going to table, or this is the bill which we are going to put forward in front of the house. And we will put it on this particular date. Why a copy is provided to the members so that members can read it thoroughly and come prepared to discuss that. So in first reading what happens, there is only one thing happens in the first reading that any person who is willing to present a bill will come and will tell that this was the date decided for tabling the bill. Now I'm reading the objective of the bills. So if Prime FAC it is about telling what is the bill about and that thing is read very loudly. Then first reading is over, after that there is nothing on the bill. Then it is decided that when second reading of the bill will happen. Second reading of the bill is most important part of passing of any bill. Because in second reading of the bill, the party who is presenting the bill and the opposition, everyone will get opportunity, limited time period to discuss the bill. Mostly what happens in legislative assembly or Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha or legislative council wherever the bill has been tabled. Mostly what happens that the people who have presented the bill, they talk about what are the good things about or what are the pros of this bill, how it will help the people, how it will help in effective governments. And the opposition parties, member of opposition parties, try to find out as many anomalies in the bill as possible. And they try to put it forward stating that these bills have this much of, you can say area of improvement. These particulars of five different points they put saying that these things, if you include it will help out in better governments. And that happens because obviously, the governor need not to be impeached. If governor is not acting, only president can remove him. He is appointed by president, he has to be removed by president. Okay, so in second reading, I told that it is most important part. Pros and cons are discussed and then bill is subjected to the voting. If bill gets passed in the house, it is sent to the next house. There also it gets discussed. There the first reading is not there. Sorry, there the same procedure is followed in the second house also with first, second and third reading. The third reading is only for voting. So the voting part I discussed is only in the third part. It will be discussed, they discuss the bill orally and they'll say that those who are in favor of the bill, they'll approve it. Those who are not in favor, they'll see that they oppose the bill. If members favoring the bill are more than members opposing the bill, then the bill will get passed and it will be sent to the next house. If in the next house also it get passed, it is sent to the governor for his signature, his approval. Financial power, I have already discussed. Legislative council cannot keep a financial bill more than 15 days. If it does not return in 14 days, the bill is supposed to be approved by both the houses and it's sent for governor's approval. If it is a non-finance bill, then I have told you that legislative council can keep it for three months. There is no restriction on legislative assembly. If it comes from legislative assembly to legislative council, the council cannot keep it for more than three months. If they have some problem, they'll send it back to legislative assembly. Legislative assembly can send the same bill or with some changes depending on the will of the legislative assembly. And after sending it the second time, legislative council cannot keep it for more than one month. So it cannot delay any bill for more than four months. Even after four months, it is keeping a bill with itself. It is supposed that both the houses have passed it and it's sent to governor for his approval, his or her approval. So that's the case. Discretionary power, legislative council carries on debates about governor, government's programs, policies, decision and act. As this is the house of elders, debates are carried on in a very serious manner. This is, you can say, statement can be a state executive, governor, chief minister and council of minister is a state executive. You know that president, prime minister and cabinet ministers are union executive. Though the governor is constitutional head, council of minister with chief minister as its head is the real executive authority. The governor can exercise his authority either directly or through his appointed officials. Okay. So look at here, governor. President nominates the governor on the recommendation of prime minister and his cabinet. Every state is required to have a governor. Sometimes two or three states can have single governor. So there is no problem with that. There are a lot of times when the governor of one state is given the charge of nevering state also. So absolutely no problem with that. But it cannot happen that any state does not have any governor. What is the qualification should be citizen of India, 35 years of age, no office of profit should not be member of either parliament or state legislature. Anyone who is member of parliament or state legislature has to resign and then become the governor. If he's a member of either he should resign that post and he's appointed the governor. Maximum term for governor is five years. He can continue, but only till the time when a successor is appointed. If successor is not there, then he can stay till the time successor is announced. Guys, just give me a moment. Okay. Now, what are the powers of governor? Legally all executive power belong to the governor, but you know that he can only act on the advice of chief minister and his counsel of minister. So that is what it has been written that. Chief minister and counsel of minister exercise these powers. Executive power, what is the executive power? He appoints the chief minister. And on the recommendation of chief minister he'll appoint the ministers. Then he also appoints chairman of state public service commission, vice chancellor of university. This is very important. Vice chancellor of the universities is appointed by governor. If vice chancellor is appointed by governor, who is the chancellor of university? Tell me who is the chancellor of universities? Arjun, your answer of your question is states can demand for the creation of legislative council. And they can send that request to the parliament. If the parliament accepts it, legislative council would be created. If parliament does not accept it, legislative council will not be created. So they demanded it and the parliament accepted it. That is why those states have legislative councils. Okay. The chancellor of the universities in state is governor himself. And that is why he appoints the vice chancellor. So vice chancellor governor will appoint he himself is the or herself is the chancellor of state universities. Legislative powers, the governor has power to summon postpone and dissolve the assembly on the advice of chief minister. You know that he nominates one sixth of the member of legislative council. And similarly I've told about different powers that president have. So if a bill goes, he can send it for reconsideration. Similarly, governor can do it. Governor can also withhold a bill if he doesn't like the bill. Or governor can put the bill on, governor can put the bill on, I mean, he should not withhold it. He should not do anything with the bill. So the time limit is not there with the governor. So he can do anything. Similarly, financial powers are, you know that for governor any financial bill cannot be presented without his permission. And governor appoints state finance commission, planning commission, state emergency fund is on his name. So look at here, this is to say you that members of state financial commission are appointed by him. State emergency fund, he is the caretaker of that. Similarly, president appoints member of, members of union finance commission. The 14th union finance commission members have been appointed. The chairman is Mr. N. K. Singh. Chairman of 15th finance commission, which is doing its study is Mr. N. K. Singh. Similarly, contingency fund of India is under him. So that can be understood. Discretionary power, you know, which whom he appointed chief minister if there is no clear majority, he may withhold the bill passed by legislature, send it to president, recommend the president to declare emergency in state, dismiss cabinet, dissolve legislative assembly. All these things are there. So this is what I have already discussed minister and prime minister, chief minister and ministers are on the same basis. So solve these questions. Okay, good. Council of minister has told you so many powers. You can fitting on any two powers over there that would be the answer. Question number five. Okay, question number five is president. Question number six. You mean answer of question number six. Okay, question number six, answer is governor. Advocate general, look at here. Advocate general is, if you read today's news, you will find that advocate general of Karnataka has resigned. So advocate general is appointed by governor. Who is advocate general? Advocate general is a lawyer who fights, sorry, who represents government legally. So if in high court or in any other court, government has to be represented, government would be represented by advocate general. At central level, like in union government, it is attorney general. And attorney general is appointed by, not nominated, appointed by president. So write this thing. Okay, so guys, today this is all I'm not able to take class now. So I'll, what I want to tell you all of you is that from next week, one hour class would be for SAT. SAT means it would be history, biology, anything. And history or geography. So now I'm teaching you civics. So I'll continue civics. And second one hour would be SAT only, but it would be anything, physics, chemistry, math. So initially I'll start with math because a lot of people are saying that math, SAT portion of math is, I mean, math which is included in SAT is difficult. So I'll take one hour of math and one hour of SAT. And I'll not let you know which hour I'll take math and which hour I'll take SAT because I want you to attend the complete class, not only one particular this thing. So for SAT portion, whatever math is there, I'll cover up, then physics and chemistry would be covered. It should not take much time. We should be able to cover it by September, you can say. So let's see how it goes in the first. Let's go, let's see what, how the class goes. And then we will decide in the future. So today I'm stopping, I'm not feeling that. So I thought I'll cancel the class there, but then it was not on a prior notice. So then I had to take the class. So thank you so much. I'll take one and a half hour class today only. And then next class we'll continue one hour of this theory portion and one hour of something in the, so thank you so much. See you later.