 Now, we talk about the sexual reproduction, which is more advantageous and which is present in more higher forms of life. Sexual reproduction is the process, which involves two organisms, one is typically called a male and other is typically called a female and there is an involvement of specific cells called gametes. Gametes are the specific cells, which are produced by division in a specific types of cell in the body called germ cells. All the cells of the body other than germ cells are called the autosomal cells and these cells do not have capability to make gametes. Gametes could be formed only by specific kind of cells, specific line of cells called the germ cells. These cells typically divide by the process of meiosis into two cells called gamete. Gametes are male and female, either whether they are male or female, they divide by meiosis and they have half a number of chromosomes, we call it haploid number of chromosomes that is also called sometimes N number of chromosomes, because meiosis we call it a reduction division. It divides a cell in a way that its chromosomes become half and one cell divides into ultimately four cells, each with a half number of chromosomes with a haploid set of chromosomes in it. Gametes also have another capability that in the first phase of meiosis genetic recombinations takes place in the dividing cell. This genetic recombination even add more value to the sexual reproduction. So sexual reproduction takes place in more higher forms of life, which are better adapted to their environments. Now we talk about sexual reproduction in flowering plants, plants that makes flowers. Flowering plants are the more advanced forms or more developed forms of the plants. Flowering plants actually have their reproductive parts as flowers. Flowers have the reproductive parts of the plants. Flowers have male and female, both parts in the same flower. You can see in the diagram above that one flower showing the male parts called stamen and the female part in the other flower which is showing the female parts called the carpals. So stamen is the male part of the flower and carpal is the female part of the flower. Both of these exist in the same flower. We actually to show them separately removed one from each flower. And how sexual reproduction occur. These both of these parts they produces the gametes called sperms and the ova in the stamen and in the carpal. Then fertilization occur with the help of a process called pollination. The transfer of pollen grains which have the male gametes from enter of a stamen. Enter is a part which actually retains the pollen grains which are the male gametes from the stamen and pollen grains are transferred from the stamen to the carpal which is the female part and from the top of the carpal they are these pollen grains. They move towards the ovary which have ova that is the female gametes. So the fertilization occur after pollination. Pollination is a very important phenomena in the flowering plants. There are two types of pollinations. One is called self pollination and other is called a cross pollination. So the self pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from stamen of a plant to the carpal of the same plant. And cross pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the flower of one plant to the carpal of another plant. Cross pollination have an advantage because the two plants they are different though they are from same species, but because the plants are different their characteristics may change. There may be some modifications because there is a combination of characteristics. Cross pollination occur with the help of sometimes wind that is the pollen grains are transferred by wind from one plant to another plant sometimes it occur by animals. When animals feed upon some part of the plant they have to sit on the plant and when they sit on these the pollen grains they attaches to their body surface and when they sit on another plant the pollen grains are transferred. Sometimes these are also transferred by water. When the fertilization takes place then the zygote is formed by the joining of male and female gametes zygote is formed zygote develops into embryo. This embryo have certain protective and some other layers particularly two specific leaves or may be sometimes one leaf which are called cotyledons which provides food for the growing embryo and this whole combination of this cotyledon the embryo and the coat is called seed we commonly call it a seed. When the seed is formed then the ovary is converted into a fruit that is ovaries wall become fleshy and scaly sometimes scaly sometimes fleshy and it is filled with different types of materials and we call it a fruit. When we know that usually when we eat different types of fruits like citrus fruit or something else we have seeds packed inside the fruit. When we eat these fruits or when the animals eat these fruit they actually throw away those seeds on various places. This is how these plants are also distributed to different areas because animals if for example they have eaten a fruit they may throw seeds far away from the same plant and those seeds will grow into a newer plant. So this is also a method of dispersal of these plants which helps them in their say getting more distributed in wider areas. The floral parts however saples, petals they fall away from this ripened ovary or the leaf. In a picture taken here of the hibiscus flower you can see its flowering parts its anthers upon a stem which are exposed outside. In the picture next to it you can see fruits of a wild plant in brown color.