 Nanoporous anodic alumina, NAA, is a promising material for optical biosensing due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Recent studies have shown that NAA can be used in conjunction with various optical techniques to detect biological molecules. This review provides an overview of the current state of development of NAA-based optical biosensing devices, including their applications, detection mechanisms, and potential future directions. This article was authored by Abel Santos, Tushar Khmeria, and Dusan Lozik.