 Greetings from Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, and Dr. Sanjay, a concerted nephrologist and transplant patient for Manipal Hospital. The incidence of kidney disease is increasing in the general population, mostly because of many people are developing diabetes, hypertension, and people are living for longer years, and people are taking many unwanted medications, over-the-counter medications, painkillers, native medicines, and herbal medicines. Anyone who is more than 40 years of age and is hypertensive or diabetic and with a strong family history of kidney disease, leg swelling, or protein the urine should get tested for kidney disease. Testing of kidney disease is very easy. It is easily done by one blood test called serum creatinine. It is easily available in all the most of the laboratories, and the kidney disease can be treated even though the creatinine is normal. In very early stage, kidney disease can be treated by testing. Minute amount of protein in the urine called microbulinary. So, that will tell us very early kidney disease. More than 80% of kidney disease develops in patients with left-hand disease, like chronic diabetes, hypertension, and then who use over-the-counter medications, painkiller for a long time, who use herbal medicines, and you don't take care of their kidney stones, and repeated developing and attack infections, all these things which are preventable. So, more than 80% of patients with left-hand kidney disease are preventable causes. So, how to prevent kidney disease in a patient with all diabetes, hypertension, all kind of kidney stones is, one is controlled blood sugar is very important. So, sugar should be controlled very well in the range of fasting 90 to 110, and first point blood sugar between 120 to 140, and hemoglobin A1 should be maintained between 7 to 7.4%. And people with high BP should maintain their BP less than 140 to 190. So, throughout the year, many, many years. So, my constant measurement of BP, blood sugar, and maintaining that then the trains will prevent development of kidney disease in many patients. Regarding patients with kidney stones, any person developing kidney stones has more chance of developing kidney stones repeatedly. So, they should be careful. They should get their scanning done, and in a small period of time, they should look for kidney stones. And lastly, is patients with the unit attack infection. So, unit attack infection also develops in patients who are susceptible to that, like patients who are having diabetes, patients who are having a prosthetic enlargement, kidney stones. In all these patients, unit attack infection is very common, and if they develop an attack infection, they have to be treated immediately, and repeated infection should be avoided. So, between all these measures, like controlling BP, sugar, avoiding infections, taking care of stones, and avoiding unwanted medicines, and painkillers, most of the kidney disease can prevent it. That means 80% of the kidney diseases are due to these well-known factors. Only 20% of kidney diseases are due to genetically inherited diseases, like autosomal positive kidney disease, what we call assist development inside the kidney. Some patients are born with one kidney only, but other kidney, the one kidney also may be abnormal. Some patients are born with small-sized kidneys, both kidneys. So, any genetic abnormalities, or familiar diseases, they constitute only 20% of the kidney patients. More than 80% is because of left-hand diseases, and then which is preventable. If we take care of diabetes, hypertension, and avoid unnecessary medications, 80% of the kidney diseases can be prevented.