 Dear students, in this module, we are going to discuss that how structure functionalists view the perspective of social stratification. Functionalism is a sociological perspective that emphasizes the ways in which social structures and institutions contribute to the stability and functioning of society as a whole. For example, we believe that structural functionalists talk about restoration of peace and social order, interdependence, so the stratification or the level of the system is also for them. They think that this system is functional for society because it exists because of this. If it is not functional for society, then the level of the system cannot exist in society. Therefore, they only look at it from the point of view of its functionality. According to functionalists, social stratification is necessary for society to function efficiently and effectively. According to functionalists, if the level of the system is not present, then society cannot efficiently and effectively function. For example, we look at the family institution as an example. If there are no hierarchical positions in the family institution, the level of the system is not present, the positions of parents and their children are equal, then socialization cannot be possible. Similarly, even in the criminal justice system, if we do not establish our own system, then this system will not be able to function properly, it will not be able to apprehend any criminal if there are no authoritative positions. Similarly, we look at the education system. Teacher and student are also present in the system of the level of the system. The teacher has a relative authoritative position as compared to the student. But if this relative authoritative position is not present and the student and teacher have equal status, then maybe learning will not be possible because between the teacher and the student, the authoritative position through which the teacher can forcefully convey his message or socialize the student, will not be possible in this process. So, functionalists argue that social stratification is based on merit and talent. With the most qualified and capable individuals occupy the most important and influential positions. So, they think that whatever the system of the level of the system is based on merit, it is based on any aspect or any individual's best fit based on that position. If that individual does not have the capability or capacity to justify that position, then it will not be based on that position. So, it is a kind of reflection of the concept of survival of the fit test. And according to their opinion, the best fit people occupy those positions. In Pakistan, functionalist perspective on stratification are often associated with the idea of meritocracy in which success and social status are achieved through the hard work, education and talent. So, if from a structural functionalist point of view, the level of the system is present in Pakistan, then this is a food for thought for the sociologists. So, it will be understood how people work hard to occupy different positions and as a result of that hard work, they introduce themselves as best fit in this meritocratic structure based on their talent. So, it is a food for thought for you to observe any institution and see if the level of the system is based on meritocracy and how those positions are functional or dysfunctional for that system. If they are dysfunctional, then why are they existing there? So, it is a food for thought for you.