 Hello. I welcome you all. Once again to my channel, Explore Education, I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, SS Khanna Girls' Really College, University of Allahabad. And in the series of discussing topics on the main theme, educational research, I am this time, this time I am going to discuss the topic, monitoring the quality of research in education. Okay. The lecture will be in bilingual mode and it is, it must be useful for various purposes for teachers as well as students. Okay. So, first of all, we are going to talk about monitoring the quality of research in education. It means that we do the research that we do, how does it be monitored, or which body does it do, or which parameters of the day it is monitored, or what is the standard on which research is not bought and your research is considered to be bad. That is why I have talked about good quality research, ethical issues in research and today, I am going to talk about monitoring the quality of research in education. Okay. So, first of all, let us know what is the present state of research. We have here, what is the state of research, what is the present state of research. So, you all know that it is not good, there is a consensus that bearing of few exceptions, the overall quality of university and college level research in India is far from satisfactory. That is to say, in India, in our Indian studies, the researches at the university and the researches at the higher education level are far from satisfactory. This means that there is no satisfaction, there is no satisfaction in the state of research. Or you can say that indeed in many institutions, the quality of research is alarmingly poor. In a large number of cases, thesis do not conform to international standards and do not make significant contributions to theoretical or applied aspects of a given discipline. There are many researches like this, thesis like this, which are not bought on standards and international national, which are not bought on a standard and which are the common goals of the country that they have to do some contribution in their discipline, they have to enhance it in the field of knowledge, they do not do it. Then to be sure, policy makers have long been aware of the dismal state of research in India. That is, it is not that they do not know what is the state of research. Policy makers know that in India, the state of research is not right. They have known it for a long time. Time and again, questions have been raised on the quality and authenticity of the research output. So, in this case, the Government of India G.O.I. has done two things. It is talking about 2013. I am talking about 10 years ago. It was made by Rusa. Rusa is a national university student. And it was made so that the higher education institutions like funding and institutions who need it do not affect the research because of the lack of money. And in 2015, the government of India G.O.I. launched the National Institutional Ranking Framework. One of the important parameters of the ranking is research. It was launched through rank universities and institutes in various parameters including research. So that we can know which institution is the most important in the research parameter. The rest of the institutions have to deal with it. Following the guideline, following its philosophy, with a little flexibility, we can do research here. Or we can know which model is most popular and most successful. So, this is the root of the research. Then, UGC. We all know that UGC is one of our higher education institutions. It is one of our higher education institutions. It is one of our higher education institutions. We all know that UGC is one of our higher education institutions. It has been in many UGC documents since. Sorry. So, I have tried to cover it document wise. It is a 1984 document. How many years has it been? It used to be 24 years. It is 39 years now. It is telling that coordination and maintenance of standards in teaching. 40 years ago, UGC is talking about maintaining the standards of teaching and research. It is saying that it is the statutory responsibility of the UGC. And in this connection, the commission consults the universities as well as the experts on its various panels. UGC has done a lot of panel discussions with experts and university members. And it found that the policy was circulated to the university. And it circulated to the universities. And it said that it is up to frame their own statutes and ordinances. It is saying that we have made a policy for the university. And you make your own policy, your own statutes and ordinances with due regard to the guidelines provided. Meaning that you have to keep that main guideline in mind. But as also to flexibility which may be desirable. But if, sorry, it is not so rigid that you will follow it word to word. In fact, you have to keep the flexibility when it is necessary. But you have to keep the guidelines in mind. The act of the commission imparts it to frame regulations in some of those matters. And the violation of the regulations by any institution could cause suspension or withdrawal of the grants provided by the commission. And it says that it has given you a little flexibility. But if you follow these rules, you will know that the work of funding is done by UGC. So the grants given by UGC will be withdrawn from you. In research, the commission has taken a number of policy decisions to make more money available to expand the base. For example, in minor and major research projects and to improve the infrastructure in selective institutions in order to enable them to rate standards of post-regulated education and attract projects from many national agencies in relation to areas of national importance. I mean, in this policy, it came out that we have to give funding. The lack of money, like in the Roosa case. So they are saying that minor and major research projects are being asked by you for applications that you can make and send. And if UGC passes it, it will fund it. Meaning, the good researchers who have a research mindset and who have skills, they don't lack money to complete their research work. Okay. Sorry. Then after 1984, look at the document of 2019. UGC has constituted a committee on promoting and improving the quality of research in universities or colleges. That's why they made this committee, in which they talked about how quality of research should be promoted and improved. So the committee had submitted its report just two parts. In two parts, the committee submitted its report. Which two parts? The first part is that improving the quality of research by faculty in creation of new knowledge and strategies for improving research culture in colleges and universities. They are saying that the quality of research by faculty should be improved and the research culture should be created in colleges and universities. And they also proposed a UGC regulation. They gave minimum standards and principles for the award of M-FIL and Ph.D. degrees. They are saying that the minimum standard for the award of M-FIL and Ph.D. degrees should be at least that much. That's why you will get the Ph.D. award. So in two parts, they published my report. They submitted the document of 2019. Okay. Then, determinants for poor quality research. Which are the determinants that stop good research from happening? So UGC has looked into the matter of poor state of research in universities and higher education institutes and found so many factors responsible for it. UGC found that the first reason why research is not working well is that increasing numbers are becoming more and more likely to have Ph.D. degrees. As mentioned above during the last few decades, the number of admissions to Ph.D. or M-FIL courses have almost doubled during the years from 2010 to 2020. Meaning that only in 2010 to 2017, the number of people enrolled in Ph.D. is decreasing. The primary reason for this search is mainly due to making Ph.D. one of the prerequisites for entry to faculty positions in universities and also for career advancement. This is because Ph.D. has been linked to that if you want to recruit college students then you should have Ph.D. or if you want to have career advancement then you should have Ph.D. This is the reason that so many people are enrolled in Ph.D. Okay. Then what is infrastructure and funding? There is a lack of qualified human resources for research guidance and poor physical infrastructure and inadequate funding. Meaning that the funding is up and up. Infrastructure is not good and we don't even have qualified human resources to guide research. So what will be the institutional framework? Universities, system emphasis on teaching over research. We generally have more emphasis on teaching over research. That's why you should have the NEP 2020 to distinguish where more emphasis is on teaching over research and where more emphasis is on research. Then, rigid admission rules. That means the rule of admission is very rigid. Lack of inter-multi- and trans-disciplinary culture in universities. Look, the policy of 2020 is also telling us that we have to be inter-disciplinary. We have to be multi-disciplinary. We have to be trans-disciplinary. But you must know that you must have felt that researches are singular. Singular, single disciplinary. No use of trans-multi- inter-disciplinary researches. We have very few of them. Then, the absence of academic mentorship provided by senior faculty members in balancing teaching loads and research requirements. The senior faculty members don't often make this balance between teaching load and research requirements. This is also a big reason. Okay. Then, Publication, Ethics, and Peer Review Culture. You came to these ethical issues in research. The mandatory requirement of publications in journals and conference proceedings for the award of doctoral degrees and as a metric in evaluating faculty under the API score has resulted in a proliferation of predatory journals and conferences which have abundant classical peer review as a method of quality control. That is, the culture of peer review the culture of blind review that you would send articles, review it properly then you would send it to the correction then you would send it to the foundation then you would send it to the correction and then it would come in the final shape and publish it. Now, it is very less. It is less. I mean, we follow good journals. But the signs of good journals are less. People's reach is less. There is no information because they follow such a rigid standard. So, it is scary to give a man. He thinks, okay, if you see the money is being published, then why do you work so hard? Everyone wants to save from hard work in general. And this mandatory requirement that you have to publish your paper in the journal conference proceedings which has also ruined this culture. Plagiarism and data manipulation are issues of great concern which damage the credibility of research emanating from our institutions. Institutions must take the responsibility for ensuring academic standards and for emphasizing to both students and faculty the importance of maintaining the highest standards of integrity in academic research. They are saying that our institutions should take this responsibility to emphasize on academic standards. And quality of students seeking admission to PhD programs. Large number of students taking admission to PhD programs carry with them an accumulated deficit of disciplinary knowledge and research methodology and often even lack communication skills and linguistic competence. The students who are coming to PhD main board are saying that they have no disciplinary knowledge no research methodology no communication skills no language commands so how do we make them PhD? So that's why you have to know that now a free PhD course is done after the PhD main mission you have to do a course then you start your work so that your basic background then research quality and culture of innovation are saying that the strengthening of research culture in the higher education institution requires a culture of research that is anchored in robust classroom pedagogy and curricula designed to arouse intellectual curiosity and its and its and its appropriate channelization and imparting of research tools and techniques to ensure that it eventually reaches free use. They are saying that our own pedagogy and curricula we have to design it so that it can give birth to intellectual curiosity meaning we will have a lot of curiosity why it happens why it happens why it happens so that when we do research no one needs any question no one needs any problem then why we don't need any research culture we should research the age old disciplinary boundaries so that the years old disciplinary boundary is going on it depends on our research activity in which adiping departments function it is imperative that disciplinary boundaries break down to pave the way to interdisciplinary multidisciplinary and event trans disciplinary research so they are saying how culture of innovation will come that we break boundaries between the topics so that inter, multi and trans disciplinary you can see I have made a video on this you can see from here that multidisciplinary trans disciplinary and inter disciplinary what does it mean okay then research and social connect it is essential to make the community of researchers from all major streams of knowledge and also various academic and regulatory bodies including the funding knowledge and also various okay okay it happened twice sensitive to the idea that the social ethical and legal aspects of their research activities are of emerging concerns worldwide they are saying community of researchers from all major streams of knowledge and also various academic and regulatory bodies including the funding knowledge they are saying that we are connected with research we should be sensitive to the idea that the output of the social ethical legal aspect will influence the whole world our research finding so this too becomes a fact specific recommendation what did UGC recommend UGC has recommended a lot of headings that you can improve it monitored and found a bad condition so it is recommending UGC it says classroom pedagogy curriculum and system of assessment then developing writing skills research aptitude and awareness of peer review culture should come writing skills practice research aptitude promoting academic integrity research your supervisor will also follow the academic integrity so if you practice the student will also follow ok then care reference list we all know that UGC has made care reference list why any publications in predatory journals or presentations in predatory conferences should not be considered for academic credit if you go to predatory journal you will not get credit for selection information promotion performance scholarship academic degree for anyone so in care reference list put your journal that you publish in it you will get credit or atleast peer review in journal ok then talk about remedial teaching he said in encouraging vernacular language research should be improved then exposure to centers of excellence in science social science and humanities workshops of short duration exchange use of technology policy internship many things UGC told us that we can improve research and what else did you say any specific recommendation faculty recruitment take care that you choose best faculty best postdoctoral fellowship travel grant faculty or students annual faculty or students who have social sciences and humanities why research is more in social sciences even better fellowships for PHD for self-financed or minimal financial support on a competitive basis or teaching assistantship as part of the doctoral program so many recommendations specific measures for the promotion of high quality research creation of social sciences humanities research board social sciences may be better research performance-based trending CAS Center for Advanced Studies DSA Department of Special Assistance UPE UPE universities with potential for excellence so that other institutions who are not doing well should also try to do well then Inter-institutional collaboration by UDC and what is your NEP 2020 what it says it says National Education Policy Invite Suggest the promotion of quality research within the higher education system research innovation and development are important aspects to enhance quality education and higher education institutions research, innovation and development these three things are most important they are saying societal challenges of our country can only be addressed by having a strong and vibrant higher education ecosystem that's why we are talking about self-reliant India we are talking about civilized India RDCs are being made research and development so that multidisciplinary trans-disciplinary research can be improved like trans-national research culture which is doing the NEP 2020 and what is the function UDC launched an initiative to establish an RDC in HEE it took an initiative HEE means higher education institutions RDC means research and development itself so RDC will make research ecosystem will help research faculty intellectual capital financial resources will help you okay then research monitoring the current policy environment in India encourages HEEs to be responsible and accountable for research development through the creation of infrastructure generation of resources promotion of business and facilitation of policy framework to nurture the quality culture of quality research by adhering to ethical practices they are saying that we have to encourage the research by taking some other steps research for development to boost up like NRF is being made which will make competitive peer reviewed grant proposals from the universities, colleges and institutions of higher learning will provide then the imprint initiative is impacting research, innovation and technology these are PAN, IIT and IIC these are joint collaboration similarly atal tinkering lab this is made in atal innovation mission then IPR laws are signed by India it is sign that it is trade related aspects of intellectual property rights and as an actor it is domestic IPR laws to foster IPR creation and curtail its violation means we have to understand intellectual property rights and we have to understand intellectual property rights and our researchers as well so then the document is coming in 2019 I am telling you that policy quality of your research why it is bad why it can be better how it can be better for that we are giving recommendations so it is very being done but it will change at the ground level what is going to be done and what is going to be done when we will work and we will not use unethical means okay so thank you and don't forget like and subscribe for more knowledge being done from my side