 everyone welcome back to a new session on dentistry and more so today we'll be covering the concept of prevention so the last session we had covered concept of causation so how the disease is caused we had covered all the theories and all the concepts so now we'll be moving on to the concepts of prevention how to we prevent a disease and what are the concepts available on what levels we are going to prevent a particular disease so that we are going to say in this particular session so just like Benjamin Franklin said and also prevention is worth a pound of cure always prevention is better than cure so in our country the third world countries or developing countries all may always keep on to the curative part rather than the preventive part curative part or curative medicine is always very expensive it might break the backbone of a individual or a family but the problem is the preventive side of medicine or preventive aspect is not much given importance in our country compared to the western countries so prevention is always better than cure so what is prevention prevention we know the word itself says free event action it's just like stopping an action because the action of stopping something from happening so we are going to prevent something it's very simple as that prevent free event action so we are going to prevent a certain action that might cause a disease when we apply this to our disease prevention smoking causes lung cancer so we are preventing an action of smoking so that it won't result in lung cancer so let's see what are the levels of prevention so basically we have four levels so we prevent diseases under this four level that is primordial prevention primary secondary and tertiary it depends on the complexity if we see the disease the disease not it occurred here and tertiary prevention the disease as shows is complete effect okay so it is going by disease severity so in true sense we can say that primordial and primary are true sense of prevention because after primary prevention the disease already are into action so we are just limiting the or halting the progress of disease in primordial and primary the disease is not yet occurred so we are preventing actually the disease so let's move on to the primordial prevention so primordial prevention is newly emerged concept of prevention it's nothing but preventing the occurrence or preventing the occurrence of a habit or a risk factor just like the smoking causes lung cancer we are educating students or we are teaching some young people that the smoking causes lung cancer so that they don't acquire this risk factor that is primordial prevention the primary prevention is different primary prevention is like the particular individual or a group of people is already having the habit but we are modifying the risk factor so that they won't get a lung cancer or they won't get a disease modifying the risk factor and preventing the occurrence of risk factor is different so the primordial prevention is preventing the occurrence of a risk factor how we how do we do that by establishing a social economic and cultural pattern so that they won't have a habit at least that is a risk factors so that is primordial prevention primordial prevention is prevention in the very early stage so we know that primordial prevention is just like this is coronary heart disease or arterial occlusion so what we can do is we can prevent the intake of meats we don't take meat at all or we teach the people not to use meat or red meat controlling the red meat is primary prevention primary prevention whereas abstinence complete removal from the diet or complete removal of the risk factor is primordial prevention so primary prevention as I told you the person is already having a habit or a risk factor for a particular disease so it is by definition actions taken prior to the onset of disease in primordial and primary disease is not yet occurred so what all the actions we taken prior to the onset of disease which removes the possibility of that disease will never occur so suppose a person is under smoking he's been smoking for few months or few years so we are going to give a tobacco cessation counseling he has not yet developed any disease or any lung cancer anything so we are going to educate him we are going to modify his habit or a risk factor so that he won't get the disease that is primary prevention primordial is we are educating the people not to smoke primaries we are modifying the smoking habit by educating so this is primary prevention and it will be always at the prepathogenesis phase of a disease natural history we have seen prepathogenesis and pathogenesis prepathogenesis we speak the disease is not yet occurred the pathogenesis not yet entered the risk factor is not yet entered into the body but the particular person is not yet acquired the particular risk factor so it is always at the prepathogenesis phase of a disease the health problem so we modify it we we educate we modify it we promote health so that the patient will change the habit or reduce the habit or control the habit so that he won't acquire the disease so it is all about a concept of positive health this primary prevention so we can just see that high serum cholesterol you know it causes coronary heart disease so we ask them to control the diet or we put them on a diet when we ask them to control his consumption of red meat or any other oily stuff so there is factor is controlled or modified so that he won't get the coronary heart disease so that is a primary prevention so it is also like symptoms are preventing HRA infections and immunizations preventing diseases like polio BCG vaccine all the vaccination which we give to children to prevent diseases all our primary prevention so there are basically two types of primary prevention then is mass approach and high-risk approach that is one is group approach population approach we have to apply to a big group of people we have to modify our decisions so that it will benefit a very large group of people that is mass approach high risk group strategies we have to focus on a very particularly risk groups okay so population strategies directed towards the whole population irrespective of the risk level so all population it will apply directly to the whole population just like the ads for the health education videos we seen before the movies against tobacco so it is applying to everyone a free group of individual is seeing kids adults males females everyone is seeing it so that is a population strategies just like a small level reduction in the blood pressure or a cholesterol level it can reduce a incidence of coronary heart disease on a very large scale because we are applying it on a very group big group of people so if it has an AC a very small effect the outcome will be very drastic very big outcome will be there because it is applying on a very big group of population a big group of people so that is a population strategies might not be very effective but the next strategy will be effective that is higher strategy we have to select the people with special risk or high risk example smoking cessation programs should be applied to smokers because we apply the population strategy on every people we applied people those who are not smoking but it might not be a 50 they won't take it very seriously but when we apply it to very special group those who are in need that is smoking cessation should be on smokers that is higher strategy so population strategy and higher strategy are part of primary prevention so next is secondary and tertiary the disease is already occurred now we are going to limit the impact of this disease that is secondary and tertiary so secondary is just like halt the progress of a disease at a very early stage and prevent the complication so secondary is just like if we take a dental caries dental caries is already okay we are going to restore it and to get back to its function that is mastication that is secondary prevention we take dental caries primary prevention we have to go for a fluoride therapy or pitonfisher sealants because the dental caries will not occur secondary prevention is like we are treating the disease primordial prevention the same scenario we apply we are teaching the students or we are educating not to eat chocolates or to dish toys that is primordial prevention can also come under primary prevention so the risk factor modification and risk factor prevention is different primordial and primary so but the second prevention is we are modifying the disease so we are treating the disease or we are preventing the disease at a very early stage so that it won't get complicated and result in more morbidity so secondary prevention is most commonly it's based on the natural history of disease if the particular disease has very long natural history you can get the patient at a very early stage just like cancer treatment for a cancer patient pick as a patient at a very early stage can reduce the complications and we can save the patient so the tertiary prevention is like we are just disability limitation the disease has caused its full impact the tooth dental caries has caused the tooth destruction like tooth became non vital the crown is completely destroyed so that you you can't use it for the basic masturbatory function so what you do you limit the disability and rehabilitate so you do pulp capping or root canal treatment and you rehabilitate with partial danger fix a partial in the grounds implants or other things so it is disability limitation and rehabilitation now prevention it's not at all a prevention in sets since we are treating all these under different different levels this is tertiary prevention so we can say that it is just a disability limitation and rehabilitation it is a measures to reduce or limit the impairment and disability and minimize the suffering so that is a tertiary prevention just like rehabilitation of patients with polio myelitis strokes we are rehabilitating with equipments and blindness injuries so enabling them to take part in social and not in a regular way at least they can take part with the equipments or with the rehabilitative measures we provide so that is tertiary prevention so this is a primary prevention like we are educating with signboards asking to wear helmets so this is secondary prevention these two are primary prevention secondary prevention accident is already awkward these both are to prevent accident so these two are two components of primary prevention that is health education and specific protection this is secondary prevention accident but we are taking as early as possible and this is tertiary after the accident amputation of limb happened so we are replacing it and we are giving rehabilitation we are providing wheelchair or any artificial leg so that is tertiary prevention social rehabilitation vocational and medical rehabilitation so the primary prevention is to teach them not to prevent not to an accident secondary prevention they have accident but we take them as early as possible so that the complications will be less tertiary prevention it has full-on effect of complication and now we can't do anything now we just rehabilitate the patient so that's all about the prevention so primordial primary secondary and tertiary prevention so primary and primordial are true sense of prevention secondary and tertiary are the management of the disease complication so that's all about the levels of prevention next class I'll come with our modes of intervention how do we apply this levels of prevention in practice so various methods in preventive measures so that's all about levels of prevention thank you