 Okay, so this is a real pleasure to be with with all of you, whatever you are. We've been actually talking with the people behind the scene and how incredible, you know, this few days of having so many incredible people, people who are actually on the ground, who are everywhere in the world, trying to do their part, companies, civil society, all coming together to show actually that we can change things. And you know, for the ocean part, it is extremely important. We have to recognize the ocean is not just this big amount of water, but it's actually the place where life comes from. And I'm very happy to be here with all of you. My name is Max Bello, Maximiliano, I'm from Chile, and I've been working on marine conservation for a few years, and I have been experiencing some of the most beautiful memories and, you know, things that could ever be the best sort of memories for life, to basically then remember every day, why do I care? Why we should be caring about the ocean and why do we care about the changing what we have been done on climate change? It's affecting the ocean, but the ocean also have something very important. It might be the key also for solving these issues, and that's why we've been talking today about the nature-based solutions. As you see and you will see, you can go into the slide, we are live streaming now, and so you can go into Slido, and you can be part of this conversation too, you can actually send your questions there or your comments, you know, how happy you are to see all of these people here. We have an incredible group of people who have been actually working every day, every single hour, they deny to actually save this planet. There's no better way to say it. So you can actually then go into race to zero in a Slido and or Scandia the code, and then you can be part of this, we're going to be reviewing this, we're going to see your questions, and we're going to be asking those questions if we can to the panelists that you want to talk with. I want to start, and I'm very proud of also presenting Minister Alaman, who I know for many years actually, we used to live in the same region even. Years ago when he was also a senator in the, what is today the region of the rivers in the south of Chile, a beautiful, probably the most beautiful region in Chile, I know people are going to say differently. But, you know, I've seen that how he cares about the ocean, how he cares about environment. He's Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile, he's been also working hard on many issues among them Antarctica, Antarctica protection, which is a key element also for marine conservation and for climate change in general. So, Minister Alaman, it's a pleasure to see you always and seeing you here. And please, you can start this, this conversation. I'm proud of having you here. Thanks. Hello, Max. Hello, everybody. Dear organizers, ocean leaders and advocators, please receive my warmest regards. It's really a pleasure to share opening remarks in this important event. Allow me for the outset to congratulate the high level champion from Chile and the UK, Gonzalo Muñoz and Miguel Topping for leading the organization of the Race to Zero Events and for recognizing the crucial role of the ocean in climate action. Indeed, the ocean plays a fundamental role in our lives. The ocean covers 70% of the planet, providing us with countless environmental benefits and supporting millions of people around the world. The ocean has a fundamental role as global climate regulator, being responsible for captioning about a third of the anthropogenic CO2 emitted into the atmosphere and for absorbing about 90% of the additional heat resulting from global warming. While it provides us with great benefits and ecosystem services, the ocean also confronts great threats, which include illegal and unregulated fishing, the effects of climate change, and marine pollution by plastics, which directly disrupt our societies and our communities, causing a progressive deterioration of the ocean environment. Specifically, in terms of climate change, the ocean suffers a disification, de-oxygenation, and sea level rise among other processes, creating many existential threats to communities and livelihoods around the world. For Chile, the ocean is a central foundation of our national identity. With a coastline of more than 4,000 kilometers, the ocean is crucial for our culture, society, environment, and economy. In line with this, Chile has assumed its responsibility in the protection and sustainability of the ocean and its resources. In recent years, Chile has created new marine protected areas, which now covers 43% of our jurisdictional waters, equivalent to more than 1.6 million square kilometers. Chile has also introduced the ocean as a focus of the climate discussion, as a reflection of our national policies. For example, the new Chilean National Determine Contribution NDC includes an ocean component with commitments for both mitigation and adaptation. We have promoted the idea that all countries should also include robust ocean components in their NDCs, covering both mitigation and adaptation. It is crucial that we join forces and share experiences about our policies and good practices. Solutions to the climate crisis in the ocean must be built, taking into consideration the local perspective. As we protect ecosystems, we are also protecting the sustainability of our societies, and particularly the communities that depend on the ocean, including indigenous people. These topics will be also explored in the ocean and climate dialogue that was mandated at COP25 under the presidency of Chile. The dialogue to take place in a virtual format next two and three of December will provide the opportunity to take the first step in a formal space on this crucial matter. Considering the great attention and expectations that the dialogue has attracted, we know that it will be not the last. The next six in Glasgow will need to look into this discussion and make sure that countries have the means to continue discussing and developing tools and identifying opportunities to protect the ocean to the adverse consequences of climate change in the context of their NDCs and the implementation of the implementation of the Paris-Paris Agreement. 2020 will be marked by COVID, but also by how governments in the world are taking action to recover in a holistic way, taking into account social, environmental, and economic aspects. In this context, we must reflect on how we incentivize action, including through public-private partnerships to protect and restore marine ecosystems and strengthen ocean resilience to ensure a healthy ocean for the future of humanity. I wish you a successful event, and please count on Chile for contributing in this important debate. Thank you very much. Thank you very much to you, Minister Alamandis. It is great to see you and to speak with those words of example, because Chile has been doing an incredible job on, as you said, protecting the ocean, mobilizing everyone in the same way to actually take care of what we have and we have 84, I think it is 1,000 km2, long if you count all the islands and everything. It is an impressive place. I also want to thank the Chilean government for bringing on the COP25 the oceans as one of the key elements. But also, I want to thank today to the WEF, who have been providing incredible platform and in particular the people that are behind there. I want to say thank you to Elena, who we have been working hardly on this for a long time already. And I want to thank the champions, the champions who have bring so much ambition. It has been growing. Nigel and Gonzalo, as the minister said, incredible people. And we have also many incredible people talking to today in this panel. And I want to start presenting some of them. I'm very happy to have Madal Sarr giving us and she is from Palau, a beautiful country who also have done incredible job on trying their best to protect the ocean, their best to protect their culture, the link they have with the ocean is incredible, all the stories and everything that is around that and the political power to that have been put into this small country in the middle of the ocean who have actually a huge fact knowing to protect this, this beautiful part of their, their, their, their soul basically. She has been working with the communities in, in Palau. She's been working also in innovation and possibilities to finance also more sustainable user and livelihoods and also for accelerating, you know, the protection of this ecosystems. She's been studying in different universities of the United States in Washington State University and University of California, San Diego. And she have incredible resume. I'm very, very proud to, for her to, to having her here. Then I'm going to, I want to introduce to Brandon Pasisi, who's actually will be joining a certain point of the conversation he has been having some issues. And so there's a little bit of a shortage and energy shortage there and so we will be potentially not already there. I think it is maybe already there back. Yeah, Brandon, good to see you here too. I'm very proud father and, and, and, and a husband to his marine biology. He's been working in the government and also in the private sector for a good fishing for sustainable fishing in new a who actually also another country who's been giving incredible examples of or examples of this conservation of the ocean. We also have Alex Perry Alex Perry is, is a good friend and it's very incredible active person who's constantly, you know, talking with the grassroots groups and not just in the United States but also in the, in the whole region of Latin America. And from the Paragonia company who, you know, have an incredible commitment with not just with the with the with the environment itself ocean land protected areas and everything, but also with what they are, they're doing they they make close but they they make they make sure that actually it's close that having the, the lowest impact possible and so they're thinking more holistically. Actually, how to also invest on on people so he's an outdoor see person for sure. Good runner good surfer. And, and so pleasure to having you here Alex, I'm very, I'm very glad that we're together in this. And we want to introduce also to and Rick Salah and Rick Salah you all know he just publish a an incredible book to the nature of nature. I think it's, it's more like a letter no and Rick that a letter for nature from you and for you from your work, his National Geographic Explorer in residence and he also direct the program Christine sees who actually also have been part of this incredible accelerate marine protected areas creation around the world, and in particular also put, you know, thinking about this 30 by 32 and, and how do we get there also with strong high, highly and fully protected areas which is a very important concerning for marine protectors and for that 30%. So you know him for for TV and it's incredible Explorer and scientists he just good papers that he just published with other scientists and Rick and so maybe we can talk about that too so good to having you here too. And then I'm going to go with Sylvia we're going to, we're going to do this short because you, you don't need much presentation, her deepness as they call, they call her. She's going to be giving us some remarks at the end of the conversation. Sylvia is always a great pleasure to having you here and to to be working with you pretty much every day. WRI people to Sophie would and others that are joining us to, and again for the web and the champions team to to be here together. Remember, you can go to Slido. And when you go to Slido, hashtag race to zero and you can put your questions your comment. Anything you want, please go and participate be part of this conversation you should be part of this conversation. It's good that we're all connected, and we're hoping you're interested on on on this topic for sure. You should be because the ocean, it's probably the most important topic that we should be talking every day in our life. I want to start with you and Rick, talking about those papers that you just published, I think it is very key what you've been doing in terms of trying to bring also economics into into the equation. We've seen the wardrobe study, just not long ago, like a month ago, now also some related with with fisheries and also food security, etc. We're always when we're working and I know you probably get the same questions too. We're always trying to find a balance know and, and I think between protection and extraction. How effective is that balance. What do you what do you think how effective that balance could be or is there a balance between these two parts, or is just a myth. Yes, and hello everyone. We are out of balance with nature and the balance is in favor of exploitation. Today, less than 3% of the ocean is fully protected, which means that 97% of the ocean is open to fishing oil drilling mining and other damaging So if we have to have a balance sure let's have a balance you know what about 5050 now that would be that would be a balance and there is also a myth that we cannot protect more of the ocean because we have to catch more fish to feed 10 billion people that are coming but you know that we reached peak catch in 1995, which means the fish stocks have been declining globally for 25 years. 82% of the fish stocks are over fished, which means that we are taking them out of the water faster than they can reproduce. So we are not going to get more fish by fishing more know and there are some local fishers that are well managed using traditional knowledge. Some industrial fishers very few that are not the putting the stocks, but most of them 82% are over fished. So the solution to get more fish is not fish more it actually fish less and create no take areas these highly and fully protected areas that you were mentioning Max. And the science is very clear the science is telling us that to restore marine life, no take areas are the most effective thing. If you don't kill the fish, they take a longer time to die, they grow larger, they produce many many more eggs and help to replenish themselves and the areas around them which also helps local fisheries because local fishermen are doing better in places where they have no take areas that help to replenish their fishing grounds and also in some of these areas ecotourism brings helps to create jobs and brings in economic revenue that is much greater than than business as usual. So no take areas have ecological social and economic benefits. The idea that we can have protected areas where we allow fishing and that is going to be sustainable. It's the same as not creating this protected areas. So the science and economics are very clear in that regard. Thank you so much that is, you know, it is crazy to think about that is about like 2.9% that is probably protected only and highly and fully which is the areas that actually can deliver know what we need really for for conservation. And you said it so well, you know, more than 97% it is actually for for selling. Let's put it like that no and that's that's very, that's, you know, kind of change your mind about what we really doing and the efforts of conservation that we need to accelerate to and and I want to, you know, going to model SAR, because you're coming from from Palau which actually did an incredible job on protecting a huge part of the of the economic exclusive zone. And so then you have, you know, some more of the example and you've been working through this to how difficult could be that kind of different views. So the question is, what is needed then to ensure that conservation efforts and to make them effective and from your point of view from from what you guys have been doing there. Thank you, Max. I just want to pay respects to Minister Amman and all the organizers and thank you for this opportunity. So just some background I work with a nonprofit organization when we worldwide stewardship. We are based in Micronesia, the northern Pacific, and we work with many community partners and so from our perspective I think effective conservation really requires equitable partnerships with communities, indigenous folks who have relied on the ocean and the environment for their very survival. And there are a lot of traditional knowledge and practices embedded in their cultures that perhaps we can learn from and combine these with science technology and conservation investment to really make a stronger impact on conservation initiatives. I've worked for many years in various capacities with other nonprofit organizations and, you know, after about 15 years in this sector I wondered, you know, what is it that you know isn't making the big impact that our communities are really striving for. And I think a lot of it has been this top down approach where, you know, there's a lot of great intentions with donor funding coming through these communities towards ocean conservation. However, perhaps their misguided approaches to these initiatives and I think many of the communities indigenous peoples who live in ocean spaces actually have had a very clear understanding of these environments and ecosystems and how to come close to balance I think is what Enrique is saying and embedded within their cultural practices are systems and processes for carrying these types of conservation efforts out. So what Palau has done in terms of establishing a national marine sanctuary is nothing new from, you know, our perspective, we've had what we call a bull. This is similar to a moratorium that we would see in other places where our chiefs would designate specific areas MPAs no take zones, or they would designate certain species off limits. When they have noticed perhaps a shortage or a decrease in stock so these things that have been in place for indigenous communities are really critical for us to consider in the larger scheme of ocean protection and I think that's one of the things that one reef has really tried to harness and perhaps combined with other partnerships and networks external to these island spaces. Thank you so thank you so much for your answer I, you know, I think one of one of the things always when I when I am talking with people about marine protected areas actually it seems to be like a new idea, but going to Palau going to Polynesia you know they're they're similar to the other kind of ways to protect the resources and in areas have been in place for thousands of years. I mean they have been proven again and again and again and we keep proving it you know papers and books and everything. And some people still kind of keep saying that you know that they don't believe on marine protectors. Well, there's extensive information and there's extensive information from Palau from this countries and and from new to know and we have here the project director of the new ocean white project Brandon thank you so much and also, my little star before you you're also I leave you I thank you so much you it's like 3am in Palau right now so thank you so much for connecting at this time of the, of the in the middle of the night basically. And thank you so much for that. Brandon, it's so good to having you also because I know you've been having some issues with the energy there but I think it's good that we have you here and we have you right now must be also very late for you. So thank you so much, Brandon. Let me ask you, what is one of what is the the most difficult challenge that you've been facing, you know, management sometimes it could be extremely people think that you know it's kind of like okay you put it in place you can say right a law or something and it's done, but it's so much more than that. Tell us, what is the biggest challenge you've been facing on managing resources. Thank you and good morning actually it's, it's, it's okay the time is good here it's the morning here in Newie and the challenge has been the energy as you say the island is experiencing shutdowns from north to south so apologies for coming in late but I'm really glad to be here and to contribute towards this really important and exciting meeting today. I think yeah the challenges that we have usually this national level challenge obviously to the governments and revenues dealing with issues like energy as we're experiencing this morning and help and all those other things. I think so they have a national interest in terms of using the ocean space and resources, and then you also have the communities who rely on the immediate the adjacent ocean and resources for them and so I think the challenges that we've had really have been. First of all working out what the status of those resource design I think we have a challenge where the new generations now are seeing a different baseline and when they come on board. And so, trying to explain sort of where we've come from. We have a portion of the population that is is more mature and are the ones who really are just telling the story about how it used to be. And then as we move forward now into the younger generations the challenges are different. I think also just in terms of the cultural aspects. It's trying to understand all the users who are using it and what they're using it for how important it is for them. Also, our cultural and traditional systems. I think that sort of look at it as as being on a continuum where you have very strong traditional and cultural and traditional management and conservation measures, you can utilize those very well. And I think earlier speakers have talked to that, but I think we are in transition. Everyone aspires to a higher standard of living. And, and that means, you know food security income generation and those sorts of things so as we look at that. The change from the past to now in those traditional systems we've been trying to put our finger on it, and it's the technology. So in the past, some of those traditional methods of management stuff work very well. They were using more primitive sort of technology I guess in terms of fishing power and resource exploitation whereas now you have, you know, quite simple things in some cases but the technology now linked together with very good knowledge and experience of those cultural and traditional systems means that they can actually exploit the resources well so it's a, it's a double edged sword and I guess coming back to Enric's point about balance. We also have to look sometimes inside the systems that we have. I think in places where you have very strong customary and traditional practices that still hold respect and power that works very well. In other systems similar to Newey where you have a transition and a focus to move to more, what we know is more conventional Western management systems with laws and regulations and rules like that. It's trying to bring those two together to get a balance that really works for everybody. Yeah, so I think, you know, and then after that it's about sustainable resourcing of that and so what we've looked at and tried to do something totally different for our case here in Newey is to actually try and find a sustainable funding mechanism because two really important things is that communities, once you engage with them, they have to have resources available in the time frames that allows them to continue to do it. Our failures in the past have been that we've gone in, engaged with them that being very interested and on board with doing it but we haven't been able to maintain our presence and continue that. So the same thing happens with large projects externally. They come in, it does a great amount of work and then it comes to an end. National governments aren't able to pick up the slack and then it just stops and communities have many other challenges on their hands. And so they will put it to the side and if it's not a timely intervention and a sustained intervention, then our experience is that it has great challenges and benefit. Thanks. Thank you. You touched on a couple of very key elements, how fast our societies are changing and how we can probably also use those things. I mean, like you said, the young people use technology that maybe older people might not know exactly how it may be both together combining cultural knowledge and this new technologies can do a good work and we've seen a lot of new technology coming in to help dearly on the conservation of the ocean and so I think that is a very key element and then financing. That's something that I always, you know, we're thinking about how we actually bring more interest and more investment into ocean protection. There's not enough. There was just a report on the organization of developed countries that about one person, less than 1% of the total budget of these countries are actually used on conservation, marine conservation are even much less than that. So we have a huge gap in financing actually these activities which brings quality of life, wealthy for some people and for most people actually for big communities that actually need that so very, very important things that you're mentioning. And I want to go with with Alex, Alex, you know, this is something that is striking me because it's also, you know, you don't see this very often companies don't invest that much on on the on the future of the earth even though they're, they're using all the resources of it. And you guys have been taking so much care of the, you know, the ocean and and the land. Why, why is it that I mean why why you, Paragonia have taken that decision to begin with. That was a great question and I think, you know, put most simply we we start off with the concept that there is no business on a dead planet. And from that concept, we go and we built a mission statement, and our mission statement is to save our home planet. And, you know, we see, we see the degradation of the environment and we see the ways that your marginalized communities are being affected most and we, we see that the current system, especially in the private sector the current system of capitalism is a broken one. And really speaking, what we aim to do is, is really find ways to innovate and update. I love the conversation around technology and finding new ways that can not only cause the least amount of harm, but rather find ways to to toward a regenerative path to the environment. And one area that strikes me, you know, personally here is the work that we're doing to build products with use in otherwise would be discarded fishing nets actually down on the coast of Chile. And so what we've done is partnered up with local fishing communities. And this is to your point about how we make we really invest in it. When we pay premium we buy fishing nets that would have been thrown away, often just tossed out to sea or left on the coastline in the beaches. And we turn that into products that we sell. In fact, the hat I'm wearing I wouldn't otherwise normally be wearing a hat is made from old discarded fishing nets. So as we look to reduce our own footprint, you know, one thing that Patagonia really looks toward, you know, and this is a message to all that are watching in the private sector. It's not necessarily just philanthropy it's a true investment there's a return on protecting the environment, and investing in conservation. But to us to find new business models. And I think it's easy to come up with an excuse that you know quarterly earnings reports require us to return. You know the most profit the shareholders, you know, that model is going to eviscerate the whole next generation of consumers. You know what might seem revolutionary to most to us is common sense. And so we're going to continue to find ways to invest in regenerative solutions to how we build product and how we're getting it to stores and consumers. So that ultimately then more people can go out and enjoy the outdoors which is the industry that we're in. So, you know, finding new business models is something that is, it's exciting to us and it frankly is the most common sense thing to do. You know, they say that by 2050 a quarter of the world's carbon emission is going to come from the fashion industry, the clothing and a parallel industry. You know, we have to get ahead of that. Again, that's a quick way to have no more business to be done because the planet will be dead. We're finding ways to, you know, create a business model around used clothing around repairing clothing and giving more life to what you're using. And those are the kind of notions that we often go back to and we rely on and we hope that others start to begin to see. That is a great example. I mean, I remember Yvonne Trinar, the CEO, once in an article he said like, don't buy another Paragonia jacket. They're so good that you don't have to buy another one because you actually can keep using it. I mean, the same CEO of the company kind of saying that people don't buy just for buying, you know, like, it's such a great example. And then I remember even like Paragonia went almost out of business when they decide to invest in new technology to transform bottles, plastic bottles into clothes. And that was, that was incredible. I mean, like, they, they totally just say like, look, we're going to do this, we're going to do it right. And they're like, we're going to go out of business. And I think that this example is so great. So thank you so much for for leading with with that example. Enric, you, you are a scientist. You, you, you have, I've seen, and before I go to you, reminding people, go into Slido again, please, and answer one question. What is resilience for you? What is resilience for the ocean? What is resilient for communities? What is what is resilience for you? Going back to Enric, Enric, so you've been writing a huge amount of information for all of us to digest for people to take the right decision to. We are in a very weird time, no? I mean, we used to see each other in different places in different meetings around the world. And now we happen to see each other only by Zoom. On this pandemic, this pandemic that we probably also, we did it in a way, no? We caused it. Do you think we can learn something out of this crisis? Do you think there's something that we can maybe in the future use out of, you know, out of learning it's there, the pandemic teaching us something? Please tell us. Yeah, I think that pandemic is teaching us two main things. Number one is that nature has an extraordinary ability to bounce back. People have been fascinated watching these videos at home of humbug whales coming into marinas or mountain lions coming into the streets of Santiago and Chile and many other examples. This is a very powerful message from nature saying, look, if you give me some space, look at what I can do. And the second important thing that the pandemic has shown us is that we haven't been building for resilience. We've been building for growth for hyper leverage unfettered growth, but not for resilience. PAs are a great example because many of them are dependent on economic revenue from tourism, but tourism went from whatever it was to zero during the lockdown. And countries like Ecuador or Mexico are cutting the budget of the national parks agencies. We're using the money for economic recovery to prop up the industries of the past that industries that destroy our life support system, instead of investing in industries that employ a lot of people and are the necessary condition for the support of many people, especially coastal communities that have high reliance on on a healthy ocean. So if we have learned one thing for a government is when we build back, we need to build back better, we cannot go back to what was normal because we really don't want that we need to be building by thinking about how to build resilience how to make communities potentially more resilient, which in turn will will make this money particularly as more resilient, creating this feedback loop where everybody benefits. That is, that is a good example. I've seen it too in several places in Latin America you know that going back now, like kind of, you know, people are struggling economically that is understandable many places that you said, tourism is good it's been going down. Really, I see some communities going back to the ocean and say like, let's, let's go get more let's, you know, let's, let's take the protection protection now and I guess that the thing that I kind of I tend to to think of, it's like well, the, the, the fact that we've been managing this area or the fact that we've been managing this area is in a better way actually allow us now to have food to have food security that food that is not now not coming from the the selling from the other business that now are not working. So how important it is to actually save for the future, it's saving for the future, and the future that continuously showing more and more uncertain so thank you so much for for that, for that answer. And Rick models are communities we always talk about like we were just talking about the communities how you know communities are part of this how you know, and we say many things about it but actually, what do you think about how the communities, you know are benefiting from this conservation conservation from the things that we're doing and how much part of the decision making process are really in from your perspective. Thanks Max I really appreciate and we can and Brandon and Alex's points before so I will answer your question but I think you know just to give a very specific example about communities I was working with for separate communities who share a terrestrial border. You know, and they're they're racking their heads because of course allows main revenue stream is through tourism and that has gone from, you know, to well it's zero at this point so they're wondering how they can continue their mandates of patrolling their and you know we had this conversation and I said why don't we think about the different technologies that are available and work smarter not harder. So now they're considering a drone technology that can help them monitor this huge terrestrial space that they all share. They don't have to look for funding to purchase fuel that's you know contributing to carbon emissions, because the status quo was to drive up and down their terrestrial areas and look for poachers. And now they can sort of use this technology to to share the load and also create cost effective. You know initiatives amongst themselves and I think, you know that's where conservation investment really benefits these communities. And by really creating space for us to think innovatively about what we're actually doing. You know what is, what is the objective here, and I think previous to cove.