 Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you very much for being here. This is the first time, it's a very special moment, this is the first time that the issue of women's leadership and gender gaps is being addressed here in the Congress Hall at the World Economic Forum. I think it's a testimony to the fact that the issue of women's leadership is so critical to today's economy and society. Women make up one half of the human capital that's available to any economy. If that one half isn't educated, isn't healthy, isn't integrated into the economy and into decision-making structures, countries will lose their competitive potential. I'm going to speak just briefly about the Women Leaders and Gender Parity Program at the World Economic Forum. There are essentially three parts to the program. The first is benchmarking and analysis. Every year we produce a global gender gap report that ranks countries according to the size of their gender gaps, over 130 countries, on health, education, economic participation and political empowerment criteria. Second, our work focuses on best practices. What are the successful interventions that actually help close gender gaps? And third, we aim to bring together the leaders, influential leaders such as yourself, that can actually help close those gaps by applying some of that data, analysis, policies and practices. And finally, of course, we aim to increase the participation of women leaders here at the World Economic Forum. Ten years ago when we started out in this program, there were 9% women present here at Davos. Today there are 17%. Still some way to go, but there are signs of change. Amongst our young global leaders community and our shapers community, we've achieved 40%. And last year the World Economic Forum introduced a quota of 20% for our strategic partners. I'll now hand over to Nicholas Kristof, the moderator for our spectacular panel. Thank you. Thank you, Zadia. Well, I have to say that this is something of a milestone. There's been a tradition here to regard women's empowerment as something that is worthy and nice, but also a soft issue and kind of secondary. And to have this discussion with this extraordinary panel being held here in this large hall is really a reflection of the degree to which this issue has grown up and has graduated to a perception that if you want to address the world's key issues, whether it be global poverty or economic development, climate change, insecurity, then you have to do it by educating girls and bringing those educated women into the formal labor force and into positions of power, whether it be here at the World Economic Forum or in the corridors of power all over the world. We have this terrific panel to discuss these issues with. From my left, we have Prime Minister Ingla Kishinawach of Thailand, the first woman Prime Minister of Thailand. We have Archbishop Desmond Tutu, the Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, also Chair of the Elders. Michelle Bachelet, the first woman President of Chile and now head of UN Women. Tolal Alzane, who is the CEO of MomTelacat Holdings in Bahrain and a real leader in empowering women in the business community, not only in Bahrain, but around the world. And Cheryl Sandberg, the COO of Facebook and Worldwide, a voice for focusing on women's talent and bringing it to bear on all kinds of global issues. When economists try to explain the economic dynamism of Asia, then while there are many different business models, country by country in Asia, one thing that they pointed to is the way countries have made increasingly good use of the female half of the population as part of the economic recipe for success across Asia. And I'd like to invite Prime Minister Inglock to start by giving us her sense of how Thailand has used the female half of its population as part of its extraordinary economic dynamism. Prime Minister Inglock. Good afternoon. Distinguished guests. It's great honor and pleased to be here to have this opportunity to say some remarks and to join the debate on women as a way forward. Especially happy. I feel that it's very lucky that I was born in the Thai society which has gender equality between men and women. I had the opportunity to have education and then to work in the private sector as a high-level executive. And most importantly today I have the opportunity given by the Thai people throughout the country to be Prime Minister, the first woman Prime Minister of Thailand. Even though I feel that I have great fortune, but the reality today is that in all regions around the world women still face many challenges such as gender inequity and inequality. Women have less education and the studies have shown that they've had received less education than men. They have less access to capital. It's more difficult. It makes the income that will be less and therefore unable to develop the family more than that. There are women who are victims of sexual harassment and violence and violations. With regard to the, there are some disadvantages of women such as in their physique and their strength, but I see that being a woman there are many advantages and strengths which can make us equals and work with women as equals whether it's being meticulous, the understanding of problems, the ability to be conciliatory, and also the mother instinct which understands children and youth and understands the the weaknesses and frailties of women which we can resolve. Another study has indicated that women have better capabilities to save to make savings. About 70 percent to 90 percent of women that are coming from generated by women come back to the family. So I believe that if women have the opportunity to express their strengths equally it will be an important factor that will help pursue sustainable development and also promote security. Today if you ask me what's the population of Thai women and women around the world, I have 50 percent. This is another gap. This is another potential that we should use of so that they can contribute and have a role to play whether it's in the society, economics, and politics. Therefore the creation of the empowerment of women must begin with changing deep-rooted problems such as in culture and in society, these perceptions, and more importantly we should attack the problem at its grassroots. For my government the policy is clear which is to create a national women development fund first time ever in Thailand and we hope that this will help women become a major force in building society in the country. This fund will not only resolve basic problems of women such as to get access to funding and to resolve the violations of human rights that happens with women, it will also be an important factor in developing the potential of women so that they can contribute and and themselves sustain themselves and their families and to develop their strengths and networking of women throughout the country. In addition to helping women I have I'm able to support the idea of the girl effect so they will have education because a girl when you educate a girl it is valuable and you can create a strong contributor to society in the future. From statistics that we have seen women who have had education, the opportunities to be sexually harassed or to have violence against them has been reduced. If you give opportunities for women for education especially for girls then it will enhance opportunities for income generation for the family and this will increase. Therefore I underscore the fact that girls and youths for our women are an important aspect of the development of society economy and global politics. I really hope that the exchange of views that we have today in this debate which comprises both men and women with great success in these areas and those who understand the problems of women it will be another important step to increase momentum forward to develop the role of women and to have them as a higher role as an important force equal equal with men. Finally may I take this opportunity to inform you that Thailand will be the host of the World Economic Forum on East Asia in Bangkok from 30th of May to the 1st of June this year under the topic there will be discussions on development of the world economic development and other aspects and the role of women and that is another important aspect that we will discuss. I will invite all of you to understand Thailand and join this meeting in this World Economic Forum that we will host and also may I take this opportunity to inform you that we have a Thailand night at the Central Sport Hotel this evening at 7 30 p.m. until 10 p.m. tonight and you will see the culture of Thailand and also the potential of Thailand. Thank you very much ladies and gentlemen. Thank you very much Madam Prime Minister. I should say that in a little bit I'm going to invite some questions from the audience so keep in mind think some questions up for just a little bit. Now Michelle Bachelet in a sense your new role as head of UN women reflects the degree to which the UN sees investing in women as a way to address all kinds of global problems and you've been I think very articulate about the fact that this isn't a matter of charity but a matter of actually solving problems that women aren't the problem they're the solution. Can you talk a little bit about how this how investing in girls does actually solve global problems. Well first of all even Prime Minister mentioned some of them we know that for example when investing in education in girls and particularly when not only in primary education but also secondary education we will see the important drop on early pregnancy and that will lead to an important drop of maternal mortality because the majority of maternal mortality in developing countries is mainly between 15 and 19 years old so that's important issue. The other thing is diminished the early marriage particularly early forced marriage and it has been seen it diminishes also the risk of getting infected with HIV or at choir and AIDS. The second thing that is very important is in terms that an extra year of primary school produces a boost on a girls eventual wage on 10 to 20 percent and next year and secondary school has a very important effect also 15 to 25 percent in future wages of a girl. The second thing is that when we know according food and agricultural organization that if we would give women the same asset not more than men in terms of access to land access to credit access to technical assistance water and so on it will increase the national yield crops in four percent and it will permit us take out of hunger 100 to 150 million people so every there's so much evidence that investing in girls and in women is not only as you said I said with other words I say it's not only the right thing to do it is the right thing to do but it's the smart thing to do. If there's an economic return here I mean this is a pretty smart community of investors here if there's an economic return then why doesn't the market invest in girls by itself why do we have to intervene? Well I have been asking myself that question because as you see any not only on international community in any politically correct statement women are essential you mentioned it women are essential in the MDGs and the development area women are essential in in the in the development as a whole but it's not happening. Why I believe that probably because we need to work much harder with the business community so they can increase the opportunities for women to to have a possibility of better jobs we need to increase the opportunity we need also to to I would say work at the country levels in terms of how we ensure that women not only study the traditional study usually as caregivers with very low salaries but also go much more in science and innovation technology and so on so there is a part here that must be done by the private sector but also by government. Archbishop you and the elders are addressing all kinds of global problems all around the world and yet one of those that you and your colleagues have really chosen to focus on has been the empowerment of girls and in particular the end of child marriage why do you give such a priority to focusing on girls? I would have thought actually it was the answer is obvious we've already heard but I mean when young girls are involved in sexual activity infant mortality increases but very straightforwardly the evidence is that I mean if we do not in fact and child marriage we can kiss goodbye to six of the eight millennium development goals I mean you are not going to be able to do anything about poverty because a child bride has to drop out of school usually that means she's not going to be employable or if employable at very very low salaries the health question the universalizing primary school education maternal health you go on and it seems like I mean why don't we get it into our heads that the solution is straightforward and simple oh we won't make it without the women god told god god god told adam you know it's not good for this guy to be alone it is part of who we are it is it is that we aren't I'm just thinking for instance of things like compassion gentleness caring I mean those are part of what it means to be feminine and I think Hitler happened because his mom did not tangle him and so he ended up with no sense of security and went out to try to prove that he was someone by clobbering others women are totally indispensable for the continued existence of our society thank you I need help I'm looking at the men please make sure that they don't have weapons everybody's been disarmed I hope I'd like to turn the conversation a little bit to what specific kinds of interventions will actually make a difference I mean we we can agree on the need for much greater equality but of course whether we're talking about South Africa or whether we're talking about the corporate suite in New York there is profound inequality and we all know that so what can we actually do to go about creating that greater equality and to the extent that many of the people here come from the business community to la lasagne I'd like to ask you you you're somebody who has pioneered this what can one do and you know and what are the returns must profit making point of view why does it make good business sense for a company to take those kinds of steps sure Nick first of all I look at it from two angles to try to close the gap one is as Michelle said is the right thing to do but second and what really motivates me even more is my ability to generate better performance and better profits for my institution and for the whole of the economy if I look at the world population female represent over 50 percent of the population if we do not incentivize that big portion of the population to participate in the development of the global economies we never gonna achieve we never gonna achieve we need the whole population forget forget about male female all of us we're part of the same global economy and the world so we need to work hand in hand of course how can we close that gap it is definitely there are different ways one way that I'm trying to follow which is an individual interest because of the second reason that I pointed out the economic reason so in my own organization what I made sure that I hire people based on merit not because they're male not because they're female but I do want to add that diversity because I truly believe that if I'm sitting around a table with my executives and they're all male if I add another resource the incremental value will be minimal and eventually it will diminish actually if I bring in a female to that table it's that person will add different ideas different angle of thinking and probably and not probably I know that person will improve the performance of the whole team now the way I look at it is it is the responsibility of the governments of the policy makers to initiate uh from from the beginning from on the youth level that to force it in the education of the youth to to show that male and female are both equal and both needs to contribute to the well-being of each country second and I know it's a controversial area but quarters I really believe that quarters in order but of course to tie it with merit I believe quarters are very important but isn't there an inconsistency there between quotas and merit isn't there a trade-off no because because there are in all of the studies neck okay it shows that women they do better in universities and they actually contribute if we look at the fortune 500 25 top companies that are just called them female friendly they showed higher performance and one of those is no doubt facebook definitely and uh uh sharyl gay sharyl sandberg gave a terrific speech which I commend to you um uh at a commencement speech at barnard last may I guess it was um looking at these issues and and I really encourage you to go and and google it but sharyl can you talk a little bit about um or it's on youtube which is google can you talk a little bit about not only what the corporate sector needs to do to create greater opportunity for women employees but also maybe what women themselves need to do yeah so I think um all of these relate that what we basically have is an ambition gap all around the world we have a quality nowhere for women and we have two very different forms of an ambition gap in the developing world as many people said here we have an ambition gap at the societal level we say we want to educate our girls as much as our boys but we don't mean it we don't really do the things we need to in the developed world we have an ambition gap at the personal level and the data shows this super clearly so in the united states women got 50 of the college degrees in 1981 30 years ago 31 years ago and ever since then women have made progress at every level every year they get more college degrees more graduate degrees they enter more jobs they become more junior managers they've stopped making progress at the top in the last 10 years we're basically stuck in corporate america 15 percent 16 percent of sea level jobs and board jobs if you look at the numbers around the rest of the developed world the numbers are way worse not better and there's still complete stagnation and if you poll women in the developed world they're not as ambitious as men so when there was a study in the economist published if you ask women to a self-identify as very ambitious in the united states 36 percent will say that in china or brazil brazil is 59 percent china is 66 percent and india is 85 percent and so ironically in the places where you have the equality of education and women are even exceeding men you actually don't have the personal ambition ambition levels and i could go in all day of the reason the root cause but i'll hit them very quickly we don't raise our daughters to be as ambitious as our sons last month there were t-shirts sold at this jimberee which is a very large chain of like kids scores that said smart like daddy for the boys and pretty like mommy not in 1951 last month little girls are called bossy anyone at davos was a girl who was called bossy you got to davos you were that i was i challenge you go find someone and watch them call a little boy bossy you won't see it they're not bossy that's the natural order of things and then it goes all the way through we've tried to equalize things in the workforce we haven't equalized things in the home in the united states if a couple both were completely full-time the woman does more than twice as much in the home as the man you can't get to a quality when you're not in the home and the most important point is that success and likeability are positively correlated for men and negatively correlated for women as a man gets more powerful and successful he is better liked as a woman gets more powerful and successful she is less liked so from early childhood through marriage through through adolescence all the way through we reward men every step of the way for being leaders for being assertive for taking risks for being competitive and we teach women as young as four lay back be communal and until we change that at the personal level we can't change this and we really have to go out there and say there's an ambition gap we need our girls to be as ambitious as our boys we need our boys to be as ambitious to contribute in the home and we need our girls to be as ambitious to achieve in the workforce point we'll take in charol but isn't there a danger that then you're letting CEOs off the hook that they can say well you know i'd love to create greater equality in the workforce but until parents raise their daughters with greater equality then i can't achieve it i mean i don't want to let these let people hear off the hook in that sense i never let anyone off the hook good point equal maternity and paternity leave how do we expect our husbands to do as much as the wives if they don't if they don't get equally it's okay as a woman in the workforce sometimes not always to leave and take the child we need to let men leave and take care of the child too we need flexibility of all type we need men to understand the success and likeability point and women it is super important if you watch and i'm sure everyone here has had this experience you watch the ceo typically a man talk about his senior team he goes around he talks about everyone's strengths and weaknesses right we've all seen this and then he gets to the woman the one woman who reports to him and he says she's great at her job she's just not as well liked as the man men with no understanding that of course she's not that's what the data shows really clearly we need to understand that when men negotiate for their own salaries everyone wants to work with them more but when women negotiate for their own salaries everyone men and women want to work with them less you teach people that i talk about this hugely openly and the next time a woman sitting across from a man and she negotiates they have a different reaction and that really has to come from the top and understanding that there are different challenges and the structures to support them have to come from the very top so guys you're back on the hook um now we all agree about the importance and the benefits of educating girls or seeing the girl effect come to pass of achieving greater equality um and i mean the world economic forum believes in that and yet 83 percent of the people here are still male and so i won't tell all of them raise the issue of quotas i'd like to throw that issue among the rest of you um is that a way to accelerate progress would you recommend that i'll throw that open to whoever wants to to grab that michelle well that's the experience of norway is very interesting five six years ago they first of all offer voluntary quota at the boards of the ceo's it didn't happen so they had to meet it mandatory by law but after five years when they finish all the boards of their companies all the studies show higher performance so it's not because one of the thing is is not quota for quota is what are women can contribute what can they do better and the and all the studies show that women can improve the performance being in a board being in a senior management team being at a different position so and also in politics the same thing women can improve the quality of politics can improve also the kind of policies that can implement and and really i think that uh it's true that we have to link quota with merits but why do we also only ask that when we're talking about women we also need men in any position to be with the right capacity and with merits so i think it's at the end is a false dilemma because to women with two we ask them to be perfect we need everyone to be as good as possible and as as you know india has passed legislation to require one third uh at any one time of the of the local panchayats of the local village councils to be headed by women and there's been some very good research showing that it results in better outcomes and in particular more investment in water which is traditionally women's work which different perspectives would anybody else like to tackle that issue of of quotas uh i would say i have lived in a society that judged me on something very silly uh the color of my skin and people talked about us they legislated about us and then lo and behold they are they're surprised that because they have not invested in us they have not asked how we feel about whatever they are able to pontificate about us we're doing the same really with women we we were discriminated against on the basis of something about which i can do nothing i mean i can try until i'm blue in the face blue i can't change the color of my skin we move from there and we penalize people for something about which they can do nothing the agenda and and we're surprised that having made laws that benefit others that the performance on this side oh well it will satisfy oh well look they are not they're not so good and well well then the world looks up and you remove these artificial barriers and the world discovers hey there is in fact a Nelson Mandela you know coming out of this community and i believe we are impoverishing ourselves when we do what we do to women you know we are actually made for this interdependence that each brings peculiar gifts and attributes you know when we were dealing with the truth and reconciliation commission somebody studied the truth and reconciliation and found out something very interesting they said when the men came to the truth and reconciliation commission almost invariably they told a story about themselves equally when women came almost all of them told a story about someone else about others yes that there's we we were really impoverishing ourselves that there are gifts gifts that will will develop as they mesh into other gifts we men find ourselves very interesting I'd like to now open it up to some questions from the audience the lights are such that it's hard for us to see but raise your hand if you'd like to ask a question we have a couple of mics right here if you just hand it to somebody with a with her hands up that would be great my name is song hello yes hi my name is song jukim no there's another mic coming toward you i think my name is song jukim from asia korea where very much women are discriminated because confucius tradition i mean korea and japan used to be the worst case i just want to touch up a few just a simple question or just suggestions or comments uh the uh sandberg i appreciate what you said i wonder whether women's leadership always should be based on ambition we don't have to imitate man i think it should be more based on vision we want to inherit better future for our younger generation therefore our vision should be succeed to serve that's my motto i just want to touch up because it's it's a knowledge-based economy you've got to take an initiative anyway but not the same vision like a man drive that's what look at what have all these investment banking destroyer whole world and just a touch up on michelle bashley i look at the un this is such an important entity i mean bangyum is good friend of mine just such a sad to see such an important cause work like a kopenhagen treaty failed because security council did not say yes why is that because we are going to now you know again the destroyed environment of future generations so my wondering is how you can take on women's initiative creating on the facebook or twitter whatever 10 million 20 million million women can talk about this issue if the un cannot pass on this environment issue or you know global warming issue by these obstacles of our security council we have to condemn them so how can you empower with this using it we're short on time so yeah just one last comment stop there and can i just last comment to talent can i just we want to ask we want to give several people a chance to ask questions can i can i could you um i'm a little bit ambitious here can i just a one ten seconds one yeah ten second this is um um a talent and i know one force of the man traveling to Thailand sexual trust picking while you are the prime minister could you could you stop women especially from infant to age whatever group serving men for sexual slavery slavery thank you um you know so i think your question on ambition to lead and ambition based on vision they're not mutually exclusive at all in fact a lot of people men and women who want have a really big ambition to change the world understand they need a leadership role to get there but we really do in order for women who have vision to be able to have impact it has to be okay for them to have the ambition to lead as well because without it i promise we will stay in a world that's completely run by men i just um i want to add one little thing to that question i think that uh it's important to have the ambition it's important the education as you said from the home but it's important also in the society to have big models and i want to just bear it very more the anecdote of president taria halonen she was nine years president in finland she went to a kindergarten she asked the kids what they want to be when they were older and the typical answers you know he firefighter doctors economies lawyers and so on and then she asked a little boy six years old i said don't you want to be president of finland and he answered very seriously not in this country men cannot be president of the republic because all his life he have seen a woman in the in the presidency so so we need in terms of creating this uh hunger not for i mean in my culture ambitious sounds bad for women because we were we were uh teach that way but ambitious can be also a positive force depends how you use it for i in terms very quickly because i took my time on rio plus 20 and climate change we have an opportunity now in june we have the the high level summit on on not only climate change sustainable development on the three pillars social economic and environmental and we are going to do we're working very strong so to make a reality all these politically correct statements that women are in the central of the solution of of environmental and social and development issues so we are working very strong we're going to have a very high level panel with head of state head of government female head of state government but also we want men by us because as i said we need men and women working for women's rights and women's empowerment madam prime minister yes and answer you about the problem of women in thailand so i think on the the positive point that i think the first thing that we have to back to the root cause of the problem that the education must be in place in in term of give them the the chance of study and equalize of the between male and female so we have to bridge this gap so that's why like the policy in thailand we set up the foundation of a female the first of the found objective of the foundation is the first thing that help female to access on the financial because they need the basic of financial to survive themselves i don't think that lady will will do something that bad for ourselves if they don't have and if they have enough money so this is the first thing that's that's why the our foundation is start for for help women to access or the financial and second that give them the opportunities to get the knowledge and help them in term of the legal because sometimes fit out the education so they don't understand how to survive understand how to protect themselves especially the youth the female youth so i think this is more important so that's why we said that education will come go along with female and last thing that we need to give the world or everyone to understand the environment or understand the underneath of the female in in fact that female as myself that i can say that if as long as if we give the opportunities to them and of course that male and female on the balance of the the male and female must to be complement together and ambitious is more it is important but the qualification and the capable capable for this job is more even more important that uh that's will be not uh that's that's we cannot be uh separate between male and female so that's it will be equalized so uh we have to give the chance uh for both male and female in politics especially in Thailand for female will be the symbolic of non-violent so i saw that if we have the proportion of male and female mixed together first on the personality so we can fulfill on the thing that the man did cover but of of course the male cannot do better than uh female cannot do better than male in some area so that's uh mean the compliment and non-violent will help especially in Thailand Mr. Tutu will say that uh in the lake constellation so i use as the feminine to come up with other people and move Thailand forward for lake constellation and peaceful for my country thank you thank you and Madam Prime Minister i have to also say that you speak better English than i do let's uh i will take a maybe a couple more questions and then try to answer them collectively because we're running a little low on time thank you very much i am agrit kamar from Kenya minister for higher education i want to agree with sunbuck that early socialization of our children shaped them differently and whatever difference is created at the home front gets carried over for a very long time uh we only passed our law our constitution the other day and we now new constitution in Kenya we said one third political positions and all positions should go to women but thank god for you and women we are still searching for those women to come forward in spite of the fact that education has has given us quite a number of women i wanted to ask out of that the Thailand experience do you how did you deal with the socialization cultural socialization early in the years how is it that you are okay you say that you don't have you have gender equality at this level did you have that issue and how did you deal with it and we'll go ahead and take i must say there's no ambition gap here in this audience um i'd like to uh encourage other questions and we'll just take a few questions and then address them together gary haugen with ijm nick you and sharyl brought out in half the sky the subtext of violent abuse and oppression that exists really permeates the life of the poorest women and girls in the world and just interested in signs of hope or interventions that work in that area thank you hi i'm lauren gunterson i'm a playwright and a screenwriter and i'm very interested in um sex selection and how that the very fundamental un-choosing of girls before they can even prove themselves and provide models for for other women in the world how that affects you and um what thoughts you have on that um and uh sex selection yeah um let's take those questions and also let me just to mix it up a little bit throw in one more and then each uh and the question i'd like to throw out is whether a world in which there is greater gender parity would look particularly different and in particular i mean it always strikes me that in um you know that the most the strongest the best advocates i know of for greater equality are not uh bleeding heart columnists not any of us here it's these hard-bidden american generals in afghanistan because one of the things they've learned is that if more girls are going to school in a particular district in afghanistan there'll be fewer attacks on soldiers there and so you get these generals sitting around a conference table and one moment they're talking about airstrikes on the taliban and the next moment they're trying to figure out how to get more girls in school because they know the difference that will make insecurity in afghanistan and so um why don't we go with you Cheryl and and work our way back would this kind of a world look different would it be different i started my career working at the world bank and i worked on leprosy in india and the saying at the world bank at the time this is the early 90s was uh you have to give money make sure the money goes to the women because the women will spend it on their children and the men will spend it on whiskey and other women not that anyone here would do that but the data is pretty clear that women spend 90 percent of their income on their children and men i think it's more like 40 30 to 40 percent yeah i was going to say 40 so i'm glad you corrected me 30 to 40 percent um so i think it will make a difference i think it would be a more peaceful world um if you talk to uh layma bowie who just won the noble peace prize along with two other women this year and you ask her what needs to change she's very clear and she says women in power because women in power don't have guns and don't rape people and so i also would say we might as well try it can't get worse but i really think that a world where we're a world where we're using the population the gifts of all of our population warren buffett has famously and generously said one of the reasons he has succeeded so much in life is because he only had to compete with half the population why not use the talents of the entire population to address the very considerable needs this world has thank you tele for me i mean i go back to my original point that you know from if i look at it from an economic point of view i mean the world bank they they they came up to the study that showed that there is a direct correlation between growth in gdp and better gender parity so for me if i look at it from just global economy it has to be better thank you michelle um two words on early socialization because they ask in chilean experience we did two things first of all uh early um child child education that's very important because bowie and girls learn to and they grow with the same values and same opportunities and second and very important look at the two textbooks look at the films look at the television which are the models that they are that which are the the images that they are sending in ours it was always the doctor a man and the assistant was a woman very sexy with a very short skirt so when we recovered democracy we changed all of this stuff and we put women and girl in a position of power sexual selection we don't have time to look at that but we think i think we need to look at very on the deep roots of them and economical roots is very important issue because many of the families leave when when when they have a son the older the older uh parents uh stay with him when they have a daughter the daughter goes to leave at his husband's house and the parents don't have nobody to take care of them so there's i mean we can speak about different things but i think in all this issue we need to look which of the things we need to change so we really can have a better word for all and finally but it's short because everyone who has spoken here represent we will have uh i would say a world without hunger without poverty or at least less hunger less poverty uh hopefully more peaceful and of course more equal and balanced i there's no question at all that it would ultimately be a more peaceful world i've said i can't think of a mother who carries a child for nine months in a womb happily and readily saying i don't mind if this child becomes canon fodder i think i think i mean we women in in and of themselves are those who to life and are nurturing and help help help us to become more i mean the expression the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world is true it is true it is i think i'm not in a psychology but i think men we mean are amongst the most insecure creatures in the world we in order in order for us to compensate for this we are macho you know and yet in fact the people that we admire most revere it doesn't turn out to be the macho i mean you could you could say many things about mother tereza but macho wouldn't be one of them and even when you look at that someone like a mahatma candy it's it's it's a gentleness a tough gentleness that is something that we find i i hope i mean that i might before i go into the grave if see see a world which is more gentle which is more caring which is more sharing in in our country we have an expression that a mother can share even the eye of a flying women generally those who nurture who bring to life and who hold life together and for goodness sake let's we've we've tried for centuries we've made a mess let it let let let them try out that's yeah all right prime minister so i just uh i think all all the speaker has been expressed all the the platform for me just really uh would like to add uh some more point that if we have uh women have more chance to be uh leader so i think the first thing on the social uh that's i already mentioned that we will fulfill from the area of the uh female don't have male and the first and another thing that the social you will see the world has someone who caring all the male and caring all the children all the kids so this is the good combination between male and female and last thing that for for the woman to be more in case of the number of the leader so the leader can be both on the private sector and government for private sector if you have uh two combination between male and female good thing for female is female more detail and more concentrate so i think this is thing that sometime uh in terms of the business needs someone to be like have the vision go ambition vision and sometimes needs someone to keep more detail and concentrate in the detail that's at the area that i see the strength of the female has for the politics politics that uh of course that are the non-violent like the uh wang san su ji that i have chance to meet her she also the symbolic of the non-violent and she fight for the democracy so this is the world real world of democracy need the symbolic and need the peaceful so i think if we have good combinations sometime the passion of female can help the world and can solve all the problem as long as we sit down talk together but anyway the equal between male and female it doesn't mean significant on the digit number but it's mean on the uh the capable for someone who matched with the job or match that for position to help the country and especially if you have more chance to female so will be the chance to increase the stability of the economy thank you thank you i must say that actually this panel in a sense addressed the question of whether greater female participation diffuses violence uh here we have a panel that is half female and i've got to say it's more civil man if you will less violent than a lot of world economic foreign panels don't you think um i periodically said that the the central challenge of the 19th century with slavery the central challenge of the 20th west totalitarianism in this century it will be uh to achieve greater gender equality around the world and i'd like to ask you to please join me in thanking this terrific panel for addressing that issue thanks