 Mereka akan tahu sebuah forum ekonomi dunia sebagai platform multi-stakeholder. Kita cuba membawa perjalanan bersama dari sebuah syarikat, berbagai komuniti untuk melihat bagaimana kita boleh joint-ly address global issues. Dan salah satu perkara yang kita cuba buat banyak adalah untuk melihat bagaimana kita boleh lebih baik menghubungi perniagaan, perniagaan dan policy. Sesi ini untuk agenda perniagaan dan perniagaan sangat penting kerana pelajar-pelajar untuk pertama kali dari seluruh dunia telah mengubah perniagaan dan perniagaan untuk perniagaan dan perniagaan. Ia telah mengubah perniagaan dan perniagaan dan berbicara tentang di Davos awal tahun ini, selepas banyak tahun kerja. Hari ini, kami sangat gembira untuk mempunyai dua orang yang akan mempunyai kita untuk berhubungi kerja mereka. Mereka ada dua jenis jenis yang saya suka untuk menjelaskan juga. Pertama, ia sebenarnya menghasilkan kawasan antara dunia dengan keadaan yang lain dari komuniti global. Walaupun ini adalah keadaan biodeversitas, ia adalah dengan air, ia adalah dengan air, ia adalah dengan sikap nitrogensi yang selalu tidak berbicara tentang atau tidak terkenal antara perniagaan. Jadi, mereka berkongsi lebih sedikit tentang cara mereka berfikir tentang keadaan berbeza ini. Pertama, perkara yang sangat penting untuk kerja ini adalah yang pertama, saya akan cakap, bahawa pelajaran natur sebenarnya berpunyai dengan pelajaran sosial. Dan itu sangat tidak biasa, dan juga sangat penting kerana apabila kita memikirkan tentang keadaan berbeza, keadaan berbeza, kita perlu memikirkan tentang keadaan sosial dan memikirkan orang di kawasan keadaan berbeza ini. Dan mereka sebenarnya membawa bersama pelajaran sosial untuk bekerja bersama pelajaran sosial. Dan itu sebabnya, pekerjaan ini sebenarnya adalah sebuah keadaan biodeversitas untuk keadaan manusia, tetapi juga memikirkan tentang keadaan biodeversitas untuk keadaan manusia. Jadi, saya tidak akan berkata terlalu banyak kerana saya akan bergerak dan mendapat taha. Siapa adalah keadaan kawasan keadaan biodeversitas? Berkata, berkata lebih banyak keadaan, dan kemudian berkata oleh Xiamen. Jadi, bahawa pelajaran adalah kamu. Terima kasih, Rui Janssen. Ya. Saya sangat gembira. Saya sangat gembira. Saya sangat gembira. Saya sangat gembira. Saya sangat gembira. Saya sangat gembira. Saya sangat gembira. Saya sangat gembira. Jadi ini sangat terkawasan dengan sebuah siasatan sosial dan siasatan. Dan kita dapat lihat bahawa banyak bahagian dari sistem di dunia tersebar. Jadi kami mempunyai beberapa dimensi di sebuah sebulan, perlumat, biosafir, air, penuh air dan keadaan biodeversitas. Jadi, bahagian ini sangat penting. Jadi, pertama-sama, bahagian yang penting di sistem di dunia tersebar, tetapi mereka juga terkawas dengan So, I've made a 31st on the social launch and the press release, so this is a picture taken of the offline event. The first on the bottom is a video that I cannot get there, so our topic today is to be safe and just for the humankind. The 1.5 degree centigrade, this limit is not just enough. We also need other dimensions and other boundaries to safeguard our earth. So, we've been doing this for three years. So, on the winter doubles in January, we have outlined this new era, which is called Anthroposm, and it's a very detailed report. And Jin is also the moderator of that meeting. We wanted to tell the world what is the emission situation, so what is the earth's system conditions, and can we return back to previous position. So, before I've made a 31st on the release of the paper, we've received wide attention of more than 40 countries, and 2,000 papers have been covering our reports. And I know all of you have heard about RCCC's fifth assessment report to ensure resilience, recovery, and a safe and just corridor for earth. So, we need urgent action, and we believe that climate is not enough. We also need to consider other dimensions and boundaries, for example, water, cross environment, biodiversity to safeguard the health of our earth and future development of later generations. So, if the trend of the changes on earth, so it's a very important trend, on the left is us, the first system trends, and on the right is social economic trends. And we can see there's a dramatic change happening back in the middle of the last century, in the 1950s, and we call it the new era of Anthroposm. So, this is when new activities seriously impact the earth system. So, from 1950, when steam engine was invented, the huge emission of CO2 began to lead to a rise of global temperature. And, as you can see, it has exceeded natural drivers. And after World War II, with the rise of economy across the world, including some of the emerging markets. So, that's around 1950, so that's why we call it a new era of Anthroposm. And the geologist needs a new term, and this still has an attitude. And one of the key issues is carbon emission, and this is IPCC's report and accumulating emission of carbon leading to a rise of concentrations of CO2s in our atmosphere and ultimately leading to high temperature, as we can see in Tianjin and Beijing consecutive 40 degrees centigrade in the day. It's quite phenomenal. So, from 1850 to 1900, it's the first period, the total emission is 2.4 trillion tons of CO2. And here on the chart, the unit is measured in gigatons, CO2. So, by that time, it's about 2,400 tons. But with this trend going on in 2050, the SSP5 to 8.5, this is the high emission scenarios will lead to 3 to 5 degree temperature rise. So, you can see that industrial production emissions is the key driver of global temperature rise. And another important sensitive impact of driver of global temperature is cryosphere, which is composed of water that is found in its frozen form, for example, ice sheet, snow cover, et cetera, et cetera. Also, including like ice rains. There are three key things here. First of all, it impacts the radiations of the globe. Second, it also impacts water resources because they are solid reservoirs. A lot of water reserve will be gone. And we will have a huge impact on our ecology and ecosystems. And we lead to bio-migrants. One example here. For example, echo refugees in western China, there are like snow mountains in the midstream. There are oasis and in the downstream is the desert. So, when global warming keeps going and the glaciers and the snow mountains melt, and the midstream oasis will disappear. And then there are consequences that will happen to downstream. So, in the past, the lowland country which disappeared somehow mysteriously is actually an example of that. So, we actually interfere with our livelihood. For example, in Xinjiang, there's a huge traveling of a glacier in Xinjiang province. So, cryosphere is really a sensitive parameter. And for other factors, I will invite Professor Bai to explain to you. So, knowing the audience in this room, you are familiar with the term what gets measured, gets managed. So, we can think of this earth system boundaries as a set of health indicators, providing a comprehensive assessment of the health of the planet and also help guiding cities and businesses in evaluating their risks and performances. So, how this can get operationalized? So, the first key point of this story, as Dhaka has already mentioned, is that people and planet are interconnected. Human societies has been undermining the critical life-supporting systems of the planet causing major disruptions, socioeconomic disruptions worldwide and major inequalities. Death, diseases, displacement, dispossession, impact on income and livelihood, and impact on water and food securities. So, as expectations and scrutiny on the sustainability effort increase, the long-term resilience of businesses, cities, and countries were really hinge on their ability to be able to measure, accurately measure and manage their impact on the planet and people. So, the good news, these earth system boundaries account for both the resilience of the earth system as well as the human well-being in an integrated framework to help the actors to meet these challenges. So, for those of you who are into numbers, you can see some of the top-line boundary numbers from here, but I really recommend you to watch Johan and Joyita's presentation at Davos for details. The sobering news, as you can see here, our analysis shows that human activities have pushed almost all the earth system state across the threshold and into the risk zones. We have very short time period, a window of opportunity to really take up the responsibility and take urgent action and start moving back into the safe and just boundaries. So, how does this affect cities and businesses? This map shows the areas in the world where most of the boundaries are already breached. So, you can see the highest density of these breaches in the areas of bright green, oranges and red areas and the lowest density in dark and light blue. Science shows that the real cause of these breaches actually lies in geographies somewhere else. So, really the responsibility lies somewhere else. In climate, for example, the recent IPCC report has shown us that over 70% of all CO2 commissions can actually be traced back into cities. And we already know that the vast majority, over 90% of the CO2 emission of a typical company comes from their value chain. But cities and companies are more than the corporate. They actually hold some of the biggest potential to actually help us move back into the safe and just boundaries spaces. These actors, they can really take actions, nimble actions, very often ahead of their national government. And we know urgent actions can move us back into the safe and just boundaries. And collaboration between cities and companies, mayors and CEOs are really central in this progress. So, this work, the quantification of safe and just boundaries really marks the start of a new chapter in sustainability thinking for cities and companies. So, these boundaries can really help the leaders to understand what is their fair share of resources and responsibilities. And leaders really need to set science-based target accordingly. Time-bound and actionable target that can really collectively ensure us to stay within the safe and just boundaries. An earth system is collaborating closely with the science-based target networks to try to inform how we can translate this new earth system boundary science for cities and businesses into actionable targets. Operating within these planetary limits is really the opportunity, the business opportunity of our lifetime. In the short run, these boundaries can provide opportunity for businesses to really stay ahead of the regulatory scrutiny and really meet the expectations of increasingly conscious consumers and stakeholder basis. And in the long run, they can help protect communities, economies, and the natural resources upon which their operations depend. So, the science really calls on the leaders, ministers, mayors, and CEOs to do three things. First, think beyond climate. Adopt a whole systems approach towards sustainability and really understand the impact and start set science-based targets across all of the earth system domains. And number two is factoring people. Really start measure the impact on people as well as on the planet and take action to improve the well-being and then reduce inequalities. And finally, really work together. Our upcoming analysis really shows that the top 200 emitting cities and top 500 emitting companies, they very often co-locate, but they're not necessarily working together. So, there's a large untapped opportunity here for these cities and companies to keep their target ambition abreast. And for the national government, really try to empower them and enable them. So, try to set target, science-based target as ambitious as you could and then look across to the mayors of the city that is hosting your business or to the CEOs of the business that are located in your city and really bring them along the journey. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you, Shenmei and Taha for sharing the very sobering findings. I would now like to invite the floor to either comment or ask questions. Yes, the lady invited. Thank you so much for... I could start with a brief introduction of who you are. Sure. Yes, thank you. My name is Tara Ayer. I work at the IMA, so International Monetary Fund. So, it's a very interesting presentation. Thank you so much. I'm just wondering a couple of things like how, so by 2050, so the world is starting to reach net zero. And I'm just sort of wondering what your take is on the amount of climate finance that's needed to be mobilized from the private sector side and also your opinion on how governments and international organizations could help play a role in that. Thank you. Thank you. Her question is how do we mobilize, given the timeline. She mentioned 2050. In fact, I think we have much less time to act because many of the decisions today, many of the things that need to be done, the decisions have to be taken today. Right? How do we mobilize businesses and governments to really take action and translate what you've shared today into decisions? Much about how to mobilize the financial system. But I do know that what is important is really mobilize the sub-national actors. Because as we said, the cities and companies, they are really holding the possibility of doing much, much more than what they're doing now. So I think the things we can do is really recognize and encourage some of the frontrunners, frontrunner cities and frontrunner companies and then really recognize their efforts and then really encourage them to reach across and then bring others, some of the leaders along the journey. I think really start from bottom up would be really key, in my opinion. I heard you want to... Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. Terima kasih. By, and by 20-60, and China is the biggest developing country in the world, so it has shown in the promise of Chinese government, my personal impression is that the Chinese government has done a lot of thought workout in regards to different local governments and also respond very actively. Now the biggest team of the world, for example the US, China, Mereka semua membuat keputusan yang sangat penting. Dan saya percaya bahawa ia membuat keputusan yang sangat penting. Tetapi saya bukan pengalaman pengalaman pengalaman. Terima kasih. Ya. Selamat pagi. Nama saya James dari Ghana. Saya belajar universiti Ghana dan saya juga... Mungkin lebih kuat. ...dan saya juga mencari keadaan kecil. So my question is the ordinary people in developing countries like Africa are more interested in livelihood what they can eat on daily basis. So the attention is not really on the effect of climate change. So my question is that what are the incentives available to ensure that the ordinary people in urban areas of developing world would come on board to solve this climate change challenge. That's a very good question. It did. This is a very good question and actually a very important one. In our, I mean my work and my group's work on urban environment and urban sustainability. We have always been saying the priorities are different between developed and developing countries. And you do really need to take into account the context. But the thing is that the livelihood, the daily, you know, the food and the water will be really heavily impacted by climate change. So I think the key is that how can we get this sort of message across and raise the awareness not only the leaders but also the general public so that they understand within the next five or ten years really in the short term, in the short term period that these things are interconnected and they will be really heavily impacted by climate change. And then I think the understanding will grow and then there will be increasing, you know, pressure from the public to the politicians to take actions. I think so, you know, raising the awareness about the interconnections will be really a key starting point. Very important question. You mentioned developing countries in Africa, ordinary people need to face problems in terms of food and survival. And actually this is the same case in China. So first of all, I think university education is very important. We need to raise also the public literacy in this regard. Secondly, the government should play a bigger role. For example, the requirement of financial support to develop countries in climate change. So we need to use that well too. Thank you. Any other comments, feedback from the floor? Yes. Thank you. For the problem that we are solving is an access challenge of nature, climate and multiple indicators as we see so many outreach categories. What are the key solutions to sort of find this integrated approach to avoid trade-offs between we are managing one indicator and having negative impact on the other? Is machine learning or the other methods we are deploying? Who will be the initiator to start this integrated approach? Thank you. I think the system understanding is really key to this. And I do understand that this is really against the inertia of our decision-making system, of our institutions and everything. So probably the first step is really change the mindset of our leaders and of our decision makers to recognize there is this interconnectedness between different things and try to take as comprehensive a systems view as possible. Because we do know that in reality in many of our cities, the same street get dug up several times because water pipe or energy line, electricity line or the other time might be the waste pipeline. So can we really have a more systems approach, have a better communication even within one city government so that we don't really have to do that sort of thing. So I think start with the mindset change probably is the most important point. One of the terms we coined earlier this year was the notion of a poly crisis. And we saw that when the war broke out in Ukraine, it led to supply chain disruptions which very quickly also led to food and water security issues which were made worse by environmental conditions and crisis extreme weather events that was happening. And how each of this crisis are interlinked and in fact we call it a poly crisis because it is not a 1 plus 1 equals to 2, it was 1 plus 1 equals to 3 or more creating consequences that were much worse than each crisis on their own would exert on our systems which is why we call it a poly crisis. And what she may just highlighted the need for systems transformation is a very critical one because we also know that you can't blame any single actor. You also cannot rely on any single actor to respond and to solve the problem. It has to be a multi stakeholder approach. It has to be systems thinking and in fact I just walked past one of the half sessions which is can an environmental crisis trigger a financial crisis. And those are the kinds of questions we need to ask and how we can actually think about systems change whether it's land, food and ocean use that's one key system whether it's around buildings, urban development, that's another system and the third one is obviously energy and extractives and how across each of these systems we need to think about how do we transit them into much more environmentally sustainable but also more affordable so it supports development objectives and also better living and healthier lifestyles for all of us and we know that that's possible so there needs to be a lot more cost correction that we need to do. I think what we're doing here with the scientists is let's bring the scientific evidence the facts to the table and let's work very closely with scientists to turbo charge solutions. I think we are running out of time and the window for action is closing we need to really for all of you here you could actually help amplify the science that the scientists have worked on but also work very closely within your communities and within your own areas of influence to get this systems change going I think we'll be in a much better space to respond in good time so I do want to ask whether our speakers have any concluding remarks before we close the session. Well, I think the key take-home message will be really remember that the earth is finite we have a finite amount of resources and you know pollution assimilation capacity and there is a boundary to the earth system. The window of community is closing very fast from the perspective of climate if we also think about eco-environment and economy then the window is even closing faster so we need to act fast and also we need to cooperate with each other thank you very much for listening.