 what is the reason we don't get earthquakes up in northern Europe? What is the difference between here and there? Tectonic activity, tectonic plates. Like just imagine all this landmass, all of this used to be all together in one lump called Panjaya, I believe. That's the word. And to spill it off to Guanduano land or something else I can't remember. And basically all of the plates like right here, this is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, right? Goes through, right? Mid-Atlantic Ridge. What this is is two plates that used to be together, right? So these guys used to be here, okay? And then a crack formed because of mantle. So basically take this here. Let's assume this. So let's assume we're here, right? So here's USA or North America. Let's say America, right? I'm gonna get a new sheet. Writing like this is difficult. America, okay? And here's Africa, right? Africa, right? So here's America, here's Africa. Right now they're like this, right? In the past they were like this. And what's happened is at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, if you consider this the crust, okay? And then in the bottom here, there's, that's the crust. Here's the mantle. Mantle. And we're drawn a line here. So this is in the past, right? This is not included here, right? Mantle, there's convection currents going like this. And the mantle is malleable, right? So when these guys were together, this convection current was doing this and splitting the plates apart, right? So this is where that was happening. So these guys slowly move away from each other. And there's lots of different plates that are all over the place. Like all of these ridges, everything you see, like everything together, right? Now what happens? Here's the reason why we get earthquake activity. And there's different types of earthquake activity. You can get plates doing this. So just imagine these lines being plate. So top view, top view, top view. Here's one type of earthquake you can have. One plate going like this, and another one going like this, right? So these two plates would do this. If you live in an area where the plates are moving across from each other, they go like this. Now the plates aren't looped, right? So they're not smoothing gently across each other, right? It's rough. So the plates, usually they're being pushed, well, they could be being pushed together, right? They're rough, right? So you push, you push, you push, and then it does this. That is your earthquake, right? The energy released there is unbelievable, right? Let me do this. Another type of earthquake, tectonic activity you can have is the ocean crust, right, is heavier than continental crust, right? So what I drew here, okay, consider this part, the ocean crust, and this is the continental crust, right? So continental crust is lighter than the oceanic crust rocks. So what happens if you're floating something on top of something lighter when they meet, right? Because another type of activity you can have is plates, again, top view, coming towards each other, right? So if one plate, the ocean is heavier than the continental, right? One thing that happens is when they meet, so those are top view, here's side view, side view, side view for this one would be like this. Here's the continental plate. Here's the oceanic or oceanic crust. It sinks, right? These are the trenches, deepest parts of the ocean, really, right? So what we have is this plate coming this way. This plate, it's not plate, this plate coming this way, but this part of the crust is oceanic. This is continental. So what it does, it does this, right? So let me do this so it's going the right way, okay, so this. So this is the ocean coming down. It goes down, right? And it's the same type of effect. We're over here. Sorry, my head, I got to balance it. It's the same type of effect. It's not smooth sailing, just it's not blue. Again, it does this. That is an earthquake, right? Devastating, devastating. Another type of plate activity you can have is two plates of the same density here, right? India, Mount Everest and stuff like this. They meet and if they're the same density, then they go up. Mountains, right? Mountains. You can get mountains as well when the oceanic is going down and crunches up the continental and the continental. So super cool stuff goes on. Super cool stuff goes on. And we live on this planet, on this amazing planet.