 May I request you all, please hold your hands and close your eyes for your pose. Siddha. Welcome to everyone to the 16th Annual Jaina Workshop at SOAS, opening the 16th Annual Jaina Lecture at SOAS, opening the 18th Jaina Studies Workshop, this year on Jainism and Science. The theme of this year's conference has raised eyebrows amongst some academics who either believe the humanities and the natural sciences to be entirely disconnected fields of study or that the higher popular modernist discourse on the scientific credentials of the teachings of Jainism using the word science or rather it's Sanskrit equivalence Vidya, Vijnam, Shastram, et cetera, in a rather loose fashion as in Scientology. However, there's no doubt that the Jaina texts offer ample material for the historian of science. I think we can consider ourselves lucky to be able to welcome amongst us a considerable number of the few scholars who have mastered both the philological and philosophical, mathematical and natural scientific skills that are necessary to ascertain the specialized contribution of Jaina texts to the history of science, not to speak of the ethics of science. On behalf of us all, I would like to thank all speakers and visiting scholars attending this conference for their willingness to share their knowledge and ideas with us. We're extremely delighted that Professor Anupam Jain of the Government Degree College in Sunware, Indore, one of the leading experts in the world on the mathematics in Jaina texts, has accepted our invitation to deliver the 16th annual Jaina lecture tonight. He will be introduced a little later by Dr. Ratna Kumar Shah from Pune. But first I would like to thank the sponsors of the conference. Without their generosity, an annual event like the Jaina Studies Workshop could not be sustained. The main sponsor of this conference is the Gjansagar Foundation from Delhi, which currently sponsors the newsletter of the Center of Jaina Studies as well. You see it here. If you haven't got one yet, I have more copies outside. I'm also very excited about this title picture in particular, which is from the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, by the way, which has an excellent collection of Jaina objects. This newsletter for the first time features an ISSN number as well and is collected now by specialized libraries around the world. Dr. Sugani, General Secretary of the Jansagar Foundation, will later give a brief information talk on Gjansagar Maharaj and the Foundation. Main sponsors are also Anil and Lata Chandaria, long-term well-wishers of the COJS from London, and the Jiv Daya Foundation in Dallas, both of which have regularly supported our workshops and procured course offerings, for which we also receive donations by well-wishers who prefer to remain anonymous. I would like to also point out to the wonderful crowdfunding web page produced by SOAS doctoral student Adrian Plau, noting that crowdfunding doesn't work so well in the Jain community, who's individually contributing tremendously, but doesn't consider itself to be a crowd. But we managed, or he managed in this way, to raise the amount required, which is admirable. Last but not least, the Research Fund of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities here at SOAS has been mentioned. We are most grateful to our speakers who have made a special effort to come to inform us all about their latest research findings and to their universities, some of which supported their journey to SOAS. On behalf of us all, I would like to thank all the sponsors and speakers whose contributions are enabling us to keep the conference open to the public without charge and to learn more about the rich heritage of the Jainite tradition. Let us give them a big hand. One notable change in the program has to be announced at this point. To my great pleasure, Professor Hampana Nagarajaya from Bangalore has belatedly agreed to grace our workshop with his presence and to offer a paper on Pachakana leading to Salehana, a topical issue with significant implications for medical ethics. To create space for this interesting contribution, the announced paper of the present speaker had to give way. Finally, I would like to thank the opportunity to invite everyone already now to the reception following the annual Jain lecture in the Brunei Suite upstairs. It's all vegan, vegetarian, of course. Please note, and this is in response to last year's events, that as per convention for keynote annual lectures, there will be no public discussion following Professor Anupam Jain's lecture. And you can have a private conversation then in the suite, which is a different arrangement from the workshop tomorrow. Before I hand over to Professor Wright, our president at the Center of Jain Studies, who will honor this year's winner of the undergraduate Jainite essay prize, I have to dispense myself from a pleasant duty. That is the launch of four books published in two different monograph series edited by the COJS. The Jainite Studies series with Harassowitz. Let me start first with the other one. The Leverjum Trust, funded edition, sorry. Let us start then with this. OK. The Jainite Studies series with Harassowitz was set up for books that exceeded the word limit of the Routledge series, which we all know about. The Leverjum Trust, funded edition of the Long Forgotten Encyclopedic Biobiographical Work of Johannes Klatt, the Jainite or the Mastikon here, left by the author in form of a nearly completed manuscript before falling ill in 1892 as a major contribution to Jainite studies. Sadly, co-editor Cornelius Grümbelmann, who did most of the editing work, cannot be with us tonight, but sends his best wishes to everyone. We commend Klatt's work to your librarian. It's 1,000 pages. You can't see it here. And it will appear in June, according to the publishers. And last but not least, the three volumes in the Routledge series appeared last year. And I also recommend them. There are many other books one could announce. But here is another one from Hasmita Shah, last we forget, A Journey of Migration Across the Seas in Search of a Better Future, I suppose. This is about the Oswald community in the UK. And let us congratulate her to this achievement as well. And with this, move forward to the honoring ceremony. Thank you very much. Can I ask Helen Polter to come to the rostrum, please? Well, we could do it. If you give it to her now, then we could get a picture. Right. I have pleasure in formally handing Helen Polter her certificate for winning the SOAS undergraduate essay prize in giant studies on the theme of Mahavira and vegetarianism. Helen Polter. I call upon Professor Dr. Ratnakumar Shah now to introduce our keynote speaker. Good evening, everybody. I am Ratnakumar Shah, not Dr. Ratnakumar Shah from Pune. It gives me great pleasure in introducing Dr. Anupam Jain, Professor Anupam Jain from Indore to his August Assembly of Research Scholars. Actually, I was very unfortunate in the sense I got introduced to Dr. Anupam Jain only at my age of 72 when he was aged 51 only. But since then, for the last seven years, we are in constant touch as well as we are working on various projects. And he's a sort of inspiration, guide, friend, and philosopher to me. It was due to his encouragement only that made my smooth transition from insurance area to research in genealogy, in particular, mathematics in ancient genealogy scriptures. His parents, I think, exhibited great intuition in naming him Anupam, meaning unparalleled. He started his career as a researcher and teacher in mathematics at the age of 22 in 1980 after completing MHC, MFIL in mathematics. He did his PhD in History of Mathematics in 1992 and his thesis on Contribution of Jaina and his scholars in mathematics was highly acclaimed. This determined the mission of his life and for the last 35 years, he's engaged in continuous propagation of research in this area besides his regular duties of teaching mathematics and guiding PhD students and despite of his nine transfers to various colleges in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, being in government service, however, the alma mater of his activities had been mainly endured from Madhya Pradesh. Right from his PhD days, he made it as a mission of his life to bring to light the hidden jewels of mathematical ideas in Jaina cosmology, metaphysics, and karma theory. Out of 12 PhDs supervised by him, 10 were in the area of Jaina mathematics, one in Vedic mathematics, and one in applied mathematics. He's actually original discipline. Out of 90 research articles by him published in various international and national journals, commemorative volumes, et cetera, as many as 82 are on Jaina mathematics. Out of eight articles communicated and awaiting publication, five are in this area and three in the area of applied mathematics. He actively supervised 15 projects undertaken by MS students out of which eight were in the area of Jaina mathematics and seven in general mathematics. At present, he's guiding two PhD students. One is working in the area of Vedic mathematics and the other in multivariate hypergeometric function, a very advanced area in the mathematics. Figures will only speak of his prodigious output and efforts. So far in his active career, he has to his credit, 132 published articles on mathematics and its history, 28 articles on non-mathematical topics, 125 papers and inverted talks, editorship of 27 works, 21 articles in commemorative volumes, et cetera. Of late, his fully engrossed as chief editor of two very prestigious research magazines, Arhat Vachan from Indore and Gyana Deshana from Meerut. His editorship of these magazines has unearthed a number of ancient works of Jaina mathematicians which were not known earlier. For example, Sridhar, Hemaraj, Thakkar, Feru, et cetera, and nine unpublished manuscripts on mathematics by generators were brought to light. He's connected with 30 institutions in the capacity of member or advisor or secretary or president on editorial boards of prestigious magazine. He was on editorial board of prestigious international magazine, Ghanith Bharati, a bulletin of Indian Society of History of Mathematics for several years. His advisor to Florida International University, Miami, U.S., needless to add that he is associate member of SOS, this present organization which is arranging this conference. Since 1999, he had undertaken a big activity of unearthing ancient manuscripts authored by Jaina sense scholars written in the very script which is very hard to decipher. And they were lying unnoticed in various bandaras. Bandara means in various Jaina temples there are stores of scriptures, old books written in handwriting, et cetera. He's involved in that activity. Spread all over India. It was very difficult to decipher the script of these works but with dogged determination and persistence thousands of such scriptures could be catalogued and studied. This will be a great source of research in future. The subject matter of his talk today is related to this activity only. He has so far organized nine international conferences on Jain mathematics, science and philosophy. For his marathon efforts and services of Jainism he shored with many hours to be exact 32 hours including conferring on him the title of Ganitacharya means master of mathematics at the hands of honorary governor of Uttar Pradesh. On the home front he is blessed which is better off Nisha Ji who is present today who has ably assisting him in his domestic and academic activities and three sons pursuing very successful professional careers. I think we are going to greatly benefit by his talk today. Thank you. Honorable Professor Wright, Dr. Peter Flughel senior scholars like Dr. Hampanagra Jaya so many faculty members of SOAS and research scholars and the professors came from India and friends. The topic of my today's lecture is newly discovered Jain mathematical manuscripts and they are contained. It is connected with three things Jainism, mathematics and manuscript. Jainism, there is no need to introduce Jainism because the conference organized by the Jain center. Mathematics, I am a man of mathematics and in ancient India a branch of knowledge comes in the category of physical sciences. In ancient India it was a part of astronomy but nowadays it is very vast and varied having several branches itself and manuscript a handwritten document at least 75 years old that has significant scientific, historical or aesthetic values. It may be written on any material paper, cloth, wood, leather, brick bar or palm leaf. So my topic is related with the three things I will try to make the justice with all the three things because it is related with the mathematics and Jainism both so there is a class of the studies which is known as Jain School of Mathematics. So mathematics question arise what is Jain mathematics? Mathematics found in Jain chronicle literature or in the literature written by Jainacharyas or Jain scholars is known as Jain school of mathematics or simply Jain mathematics. It is a part of the Indian mathematics hence we can call it Jain school of Indian mathematics it is included in major class history of mathematics. So some people ask me a question what is Jain mathematics? It is arithmetic, algebra, geometry we know the branch of the mathematics analysis, pure mathematics, applied mathematics which is Jain mathematics so this is clarification that it is not a branch of the mathematics of course according to American mathematical society classification it comes under the major class history of mathematics. When it came into picture before 1929 no one knows the word Jain school of mathematics the first paper on Jain school of mathematics was written by professor B. Bidat in bulletin of Calcutta mathematical society and first time he used the word Jain school of mathematics but Jain school of mathematics came into picture without the name in 1908 when professor David J. Smith a well-known historian of mathematics produced a paper Ganesh Sarsangra of Mahavira Charya and a lecture was given in Rome and it is published in Bibliotheca and Mathematica. Ganesh Sarsangra which is very popular and known text of Jain school of mathematics published by Madras government in 1912 with English translation of M. Rangacharya and its Hindi translation by L. C. Jain appeared in 1963 nowadays the Kannada and Telugu translation are also available so in this way Jain school started to function in 1912 but the term coined in 1929 so why it should be studies people say why you are giving such emphasis on the studies of mathematics Acharya Shri Mahaprakya says that without the knowledge of the mathematics no one can do justice with the Jain philosophical mathematics and the reason is according to Digambar classification subject wise classification the entire Jain literature can be classified in four part Prathmaniyog, Karananiyog, Charananyog and Dravyaniyog according to Shatama tradition which is almost the same the classification is Dharam Kathaniyog, Charan Karananyog, Ganitanyog and Dravyaniyog so sections which are underlined means Karananyog and Dravyaniyog and according to Shatama tradition Karananyog and the Gartanyog are full of mathematics regarding 72 hours a reference of Ganit is found in Bhagwati Sutra Lehiyao Ganiya Pahanao means script etcetera but full of mathematics that indicates the importance of mathematics in Jain Quranic literature Mahavira Charis, Ganit Sarasangra is a very popular text and in that very text in first chapter he writes means what is good of saying much in vain whatever there is in all the three words which are possessed of moving in non-moving things all that in it cannot exist as apart from mathematics now what is the purpose of developing mathematics in Jainism now question arises why the persons giving so much important ancient Jain archer has giving so much importance in importance to mathematics and what is their purpose the purpose is broadly we can write some points that is to explain cosmological details and the description of the three fold universe it is used in giving the length area and volume of the different section of this three fold universe because the cosmological studies cannot be made without the knowledge of the mathematics so for cosmology, cosmography and the cosmogony the knowledge of the mathematics is essential the text like Surya Pragyapti Chanda Pragyapti Jambudi Pragyapti Tiloya Pranati Dhavala Trelokasar Jambudi Pranati Sanghoho etc cannot be studied without the knowledge of the mathematics therefore first purpose is to explain the cosmological details the second is to explain different types of different types and subtypes of the karmas their operation of the uprising binding shedding of the karmas and the net effect of their infinitude of combinations because there are two major fields one the cosmological studies another is the karmic studies and regarding the karmic studies the text Kasai Pahul Chona Sutra Gomatsar Jeev Khan Karm Khan and the canonical text Vati Sutra Esthanang Sutra are full of karmic theory Dr. Shah is present here who is introducing me is working on the panch sangra and some other karmic texts so the studies of the karmic theory is another field in which mathematics used therefore Jai Naseer giving much emphasis for the mathematics and third one is to get the auspicious place and time for the religious ceremonies like diksha and pratistha it is very much important without muhurth no diksha performed in Jain tradition so this is third reason and the fourth is to train the people in basic mathematics lauki ganit required in daily life therefore we find so many texts of Pati Ganit written by the Jain Acharya just for the sake of the common person because Jain Acharya not only write the philosophical texts they write the texts related with the mathematics astronomy, grammar and architecture etc. which are useful for the common man and unfortunately this part was ignored if we put forward all these texts then we find that Jain Acharya are how much interested for the upliftment of the humankind and the society too and to explain the Jain logic system which is used for establishment of the logical facts and the consignment of the others views modern mathematical logic is available in the text of the Jain Nyaay as you know Prameek, Kamal, Martand, Astra, Sahasri Nyaays are the very famous texts of the Jain logic and the Jain Nyaay text cannot be studied without the appropriate knowledge in modern mathematics it is the students four or five operations in the logic and they are all similar to the operations which is used in the Jain logic too now when this is these five are the purposes then how many texts was published so far as I have mentioned earlier that the canonical texts all the Ngas, Upang are full of mathematics Uttaradhyam sutra, Sthananga sutra Aniyogdwar sutra, Uttaradhyam sutra Jammudi pragyapti, Surya pragyapti Chandra pragyapti and Shatkhandagam, Dhawla, Tilopanati Traloksar, Gomatsar, Jeevkanda, Karamkanda are full of mathematics but I am concentrating here non-canonical class non-canonical class in this very class which purely of mathematics purely related with the mathematics they have nothing to do with the details and in this category we find Trishatika of Shridracharya it is published in 1899 as a non-gen text and it's a new edition with the Subeda translation appeared in 2004 the Ganesar Sangra of Mahaviracharya first published as I told you in 1912 Hindi translation from Solapur 1963 from Hombus 2000 and Telugu translation from Hyderabad in 2003 Gannit Tilak commentary on the party Gannit of Shripati written by Sintalab Surya is published by Gaikwad Oriental series in 1937 Beohar Gannit published by Madras government in 1955 and the new translation with Kannad translation and the English translation appeared in 2012 and the translation was made by Prof. Padmavatamma our senior colleague a Ganesar comedy of Thakkarferu first published from Balodha in 1961 and recently Prof. S. R. Sharma he was initially in Aligarh Muslim University at present he is in Germany with his team published a new edition of Ganesar comedy of Thakkarferu and that appeared from Manohar books in 2009 and its strong Panchawinshati tasting Suri appeared in 2006 with its English translation by Takao Hayashi our friend and of course in mathematics it is very difficult to translate the things because for translating any Jain mathematical text knowledge of the Jain philosophy knowledge of the prakartar Sanskrit or the language in which it is or the Kannada which is if it is in Kannada script the knowledge of the Kannada script is essential and the knowledge of the mathematics too so this is a very rare combination some people are expert in mathematics they do not know the Kannada they do not know the prakart and if they know the prakart then they are not well versed with the Jain philosophical term because so many philosophical terms and texts that without knowledge of the subject matter any mathematics, language and the Jain philosophy it is not possible to translate the thing therefore in some cases we get only original text and Angul Saptati Lila Vati of Lail Chand Anka Prasthar and Jyotir Gyanvidhi these four texts only original published so far translation is available and as my topic is newly discovered newly discovered Jain mathematical text I am listing here 18 such mathematical texts which are unnoticed, unpublished and I just want to introduce here first time this list here so that the people who are capable to translate the Jain mathematical text come forward and re-earth all these things and translate it and prepare the critical edition so that the humanity will benefit with the knowledge contained in this very. The Ganesh also Mahimoday written by Mahimoday and the manuscript is available in Abhay Granthagar of B. Kaner Ganesh Sar of Anand Kavi this is also unpublished unknown in the history of mathematics by Davy Digen Smith in the history of mathematics by Hindu mathematics by B. B. Dutt or any text of history of mathematics either published from Open University of America or from any country doesn't mention the name of these texts Ganesh Sar of Anand Kavi the manuscript is available in Ganesh Kaner Oriental manuscript Royal Ascetic Society of Bengal and Ganesh Sar Ganesh Sangra by Yalla Char it is available in Bandarkal Oriental Research Institute of Pune Kshetra Ganit of Nemi Chandra it's only one copy available in Tholia Upashray of Ahmedabad Kshetra Ganit of Som Telak Suri it's copy is available in Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute library Jodhpur and Kshetra Samas Shichanda Suri it's just mentioned in the catalogue of Shantina Jain Bhandar Kambay 135 number Vrat Kshetra Samas Vratthi Siddha Suri and Lagu Kshetra Samas Vratthi Jaisalmer Bhandar Kshetra Samas Ratnashekar Suri Rory 2536 Rory means Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute Library and Kshetra Samas by Srimitalak Suri Uttar Chhattishtika by Sridhar in Karanja Ganesh Shastra of Raja Detya Madras Ganesh Shastra Guno Bhadra in Karanja Ganesh Vilas by Chandram in the Jain Matha of Mood Badri and it is Prof. Hampana it is very difficult because they are in Canadian script we are unable to even note the name of some manuscript because we do not know the Karnataka script so it is very much essential that a person who is well versed in the old Karnataka script come forward and there are so many manuscripts are available in the Bhandars of Mood Badri and especially in Mood Badri are in other Bhandars of Karnataka and the manuscript found in the Bhandars of Karnataka are very reliable very old because they are all on palm leaf and sometime they are 800 are more than the subscribing period is more than 800 so but in north India we find the manuscript 200 300 400 years old only but in the south India we find the more old copies Ganesh Sangra Raja Detya that is also available in Mood Badri Ganesh Vilas of Raja Detra also available in Mood Badri and Pudgal Bhangavratthi by Nyaay Vijay Ganesh and this copy is available in Mandarkar Role Interest Institute Pune so these 18 manuscripts are available some of them I have seen personally but I have not got the copy of these manuscripts now I am giving you as mentioned by Ratko Marsha that he collected nine mathematical manuscripts so I have the copies of certain mathematical manuscripts which are not published so I am giving the details of one by one this is Stan Panchawinshetika the only one copy the only one copy of Stan Panchawinshetika is available in the library of LD Institute means Lalbhai, Dalpatbhai Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad and this is a manuscript of three folios only some details are given and it is written by Lungkagakshi Te Singh Suriji and he died in 1686 therefore it is sure that it is written before 1686 and subscribing period is 1813 the manuscript details are given here now I have published facibiles in Arathvachan in 1988-1989 whenever I was doing PSD I have got this copy of Stan Panchawinshetika I am very much excited because nowhere the name is mentioned therefore and it is not possible for me because it is very typical so I have published facibiles only with the introduction of Te Singh Suri the name of the life is the name of the Guru etc it is a work of 25 verses on arbitrary disease each verse prescribes a series of calculation or an algorithm that returns any number a positive integer with a certain constant number say P that is significant for Janizb, for example in the first stanza a constant is 72 and who is the life length of life of Bhagwan Mahavir length of life of Bhagwan Mahavir similarly he given the some life span for the establishment of Lungkagach so many such type of things which are important from the history of Janizb are included in 25 verses life span of the Bhagwan Parshanatha and a lot of control see Prof. Sagar Malji is not here but in spite of his absence I am mentioning that he raised so many questions about the period of the Lord Mahavir but almost all the people say that 527 BC is the nirvana period of the Lord Mahavir but in so many books published from Parshanath Chastanth, he raised some question now in this manuscript the period of the nirvana is mentioned 527 BC so this small text is important in this way that he incorporated the mathematical skill to decipher or to give the different events of history of Janizb and it is also important from this very point of view that with the help of this we can resolve so many controversies too it is composed in Sardulvik credit and last one is in many historical events are mentioned in this text like it is important to resolve the controversy regarding it now the second is the Ganesar by Siddhara and this is the first page of this very text the name is Trishatika which is popular but the name which is mentioned in this very text is Ganesar and the details of this very manuscript given here the number of the manuscript whenever I visited the Jain Mutt Moodwadri I have found and I have taken the photo of certain pages and Pooj Swamiji Panditacharya Swamiji previous one now the Bhattarak Charukirtiji not which is present but previous Bhattarak Charukirtiji who is named as the Panditacharya kindly provided as the photo of all the palm leaf manuscript all the palm leaves of this very manuscript and the many so many copies of the Trishatika are available across the India and not only India but also the two therefore I am mentioning here in British Mujim catalog number five to zero six and under the name Patya Ganesar India office London six three one seven and Sindhya Oriental Research Institute of Jain under the name Trishati and in the Karanja temple under the name 2110 several manuscript of Lucknow Lucknow Professor A.N. Singh previously the head of the department in the Lucknow University and he is very much interested in Jain school of mathematics Professor Hiralal Jain inspired him to study mathematics of Dhawla and he write a very important paper mathematics of Dhawla that is published with the Dhawla book four and Jain sources for history of mathematics is a very excellent paper which is published in the learning commemorative volume also therefore he is very much interested and he collected the several copies of the Trishatika and they are all preserved I think not original copy because no one will provide the original copy he take the photos at that time there is no so much facility of the photo camping in the 1950s I think photo copy method was not very popular so he collected photo by camera and sometimes he copied by hand and they are preserved in the department of mathematics of Lucknow but the published version of Trishatika one published by published from Banaras in 1999 and it is edited by Sudhakar Diwedi and this will contain only 172 shlokas only and the Trishatika which is recently published in 2004 with the translation of Siddhimda Acharya and published by Rasti Sanskrit Sansthan this contain only the same 172 shlokas the published version contain 65 formulas and 107 examples so 172 this figures doesn't match with the word Trishatika those persons who know Sanskrit Trishatika means 300 I have got a copy of the Ganesar from Mood Vidri and some copies are transcript of its Lucknow from Lucknow University on the basis of it one in large edition has been prepared which contain 305 plus 12 it is closer to word Trishatika this is not exactly 300 but it is more closer to Trishatika I think there will be some which can be removed on the basis of the linguistic and then a more in large edition have two important shlokas and they are missing here so I am remembering I am just this is the shlok this is the Mangalachara which is mentioned by Acharya Shridhar and the second one is also the translation Shridaracharya going to large in tells the substance of mathematics as extracted from the party composed by himself for the use of the people and the second slope is Vrashive Samhave Panch Saptondhurtadhisai Vimalayardham Chaturthvaram Kramanaykam Chadashyate so in this shlok Vrashava Samhava we know that the name of the first Tirthankar is Vrashavanath third is the Samavnath and the Vimalnath these are the names of the Tirthankar and the translation which is provided by the Sudhimnachar or other person is not the translation which is made by Usa Asthana in the PhD thesis submitted in a Lucknow University is not proper he translated Vimal as the cleaning as a cleaning so this type of misinterpretation was made due to the fact the person is not aware with the Jain tradition or the Jain philosophy that's why I have mentioned that the knowledge of the Jain philosophy is essential for the translation of the Jain mathematical text the person who is not acquainted with the fact that the Vrashava is the name of the first Tirthankara Samavnath is the name of the third Tirthankar how he will translate and that's why he committed so many mistakes and another text of the same Siddhar I have got the three copies one is available in Mood-Bhadri but I can't read it therefore I am not given here but the copy is available I confirm with the Charukirti Ji Swamiji that the copy is available in Mood-Bhadri and I have got the transcript of that very copy which is available in the Arah and that is the first copy which is Jain Siddhantbhavan Arah second is the copy which is found in the Arah the three Bhandars Arah Arah and Arah Rajasthan these three Bhandars are very rich and those people who are interested in the Jain manuscript must visit these three Bhandars because I think that because he is very senior Eilak Panhalal Ji collected several manuscript copies and put them in the Bhandars therefore these Bhandars are very helpful for the study of the ancient text like Shavan Velugala Mood-Bhadri Bhandars where in Mood-Bhadri Bhandar we have got the Dhawla in Mood-Bhadri Bhandar we have got the several copies of the text of the Acharya Kund-Kund so Jyotir Gyanvidhi and the details of the Jyotir Gyanvidhi is given here it is a text of astronomy with the help and important thing Jyotir Gyanvidhi is a very important text of the astronomy the rules regarding finding the Muhurtha of Pratistha is as it is quoted by Vasu Nandi Acharya in the Pratistha part but it the original text Jyotir Gyanvidhi is still unpublished I have got the copy two copies and with the help I have prepared a list of the content there are ten chapters Sangya Dikar Dhruva Dikar Tithya Dikar Sankranti Rat Ho Rat Ho Ratri Pramana Dikar Ganita Dikar and Muhurtha Dikar and this is very authentic the people of astronomy informed that the process of finding the Muhurtha and the lagna are still in use and Tithya Dikar the rule of the Jain astronomy of Udaya Tithi are mentioned there is a difference in the astronomical details of Jain and Hindu text in Hindu text the decision of the Tithi is made on the basis of how long it is in that very day but in Jain tradition in the morning if the Tughadi is that very Tithi then it is accepted so this is the difference which is mentioned in the Bharti Jyotish by Dr. Nemi Chan Shastri Jyotishacharya the text is very important and it should be published by any person who is well versed in the Jain astronomy or Ganesh Jyotish now Shatrin Shikta Shatrin Shatika Aap Madhav Chandra Trivedi as I have mentioned that Ganesh Sarsangra is very important text and very popular too because it is translation in Hindi in English in Kannada in Telugu and across the India there is a lot of copies of it but a great mistake committed by the different persons who is engaged in this very work the Shatrin Shatika is a work of Madhav Chandra Trivedi but everywhere it is mentioned as an incomplete copy of the Ganesh Sarsangra here on page number 35 which is shown here it is mentioned Shri Vitragaya Nama in 36th May Prakinak Das Thairashik Char in the Shakti Buddha Veera Chariru Pellagana Thavanu Madhava Chandra Trivedi I have underlined this Madhava Chandra Trivedi Chariru with Chariru Sodh Siddharadis Sodh Sangram Menis Kumbh Buddha Shreeman Pellagana Pellagana Pellagana these two words are from the Kannal background therefore the northern Indian people cannot explain this very thing when I visited and and in 1981 assisted me and he said that previously known previously declared and means it is a word of honour only so whenever I have gone through the content of this very text these are the details of manuscript and other manuscript there are so many manuscripts I have found and whenever I examined that any manuscript by mentioned as an incomplete manuscript by Dr. L. C. Jain, Dr. Hiralal Jain Dr. A. Nupade these are the incomplete manuscript of Ganesh Sarasangra I have found that of course they have the first four chapters but these are the Ganesh Sarasangra first four chapters are same in Shatrin Shatika and he mentioned also that Sodh Siddharadis of Sarasangra he means Ganesh Sarasangra Mahaviracharya Madhavchandra said that I have prepared this very short Shatrin Shatika so this is the the verse portion this is the same thing and the chapter of GSS which is found in the Shatrin Shatika are following these four chapters are in the published word Sanyadika in the published word Sanyadika and Parikan Vihar are separated so we find that these five chapters are the same but in Shatrin Shatika we find these thirteen additional formulae Varga Sankalita Nayan Sutram Ganesh Sankalita Nayan Sutram Ek Dwaradi Ek Dwaradi Sankalita Gana Nayan Sutram Sarva Gana Nayan Sutra Dwayam Tharo Tarchay Bhava so these thirteen formulae in the first four chapters we find the operation of eight fundamental operations eight fundamental operations on fractions then Bhinnajati means six type of fractions and Prakennak operations and the applied questions related with the fractions and Thairashek is well known to all of you that regarding proportion etcetera each of our questions they are Thairashek so the 36 type of things which is discussed in the first five chapter of the Ganesh Sarasagra are taken as it is but there are certain things which is essential and they are related with the series they are related with the geometry and they are related with the two typical problems which is discussed by the Sarashek Dharah if two persons start from the same point with the two velocities or after a period of half an hour persons start with the different velocities when they will meet this type of question is discussed in Parti Ganitbhai Shridharacharya but in the first four or five chapters up to Thairashek there is no details of such type of questions so these type of questions how solved so the formula for that very is given here and Sai Yogan and Sutram Sai Yogan and Sutram under this heading the process of solving this type of situation is given and a person borrow certain money from any vanik landlord then what will be the interest and in how many days even that EMI is a very popular word at present word equally monthly installment so what will be the equal monthly installment this type of question is discussed here in Vanikara Stheti Gharan and Sutram so this type of the problems and typical problems series and geometry are discussed and these under these 13 chapters are the formula with illustration all the things discussed apart from it Madhavchandratayavid illustrated certain formula which is given in the Ganesh Sarsangra with the help of certain examples added by him and in the last he has given the magic square of 34 in the Jain temples we find the many Yantras they bear the different magic squares 35, 25, 34, 25 15, 64 etc so what is the use and why they are given so much importance I do not know and I do not want to comment on it but here it is important that they have mentioned the magic square of 34 now Lokaniyog this is Jinsen as I have told you the Jains given much important to cosmological studies and the entire Ganesh is full of cosmological things the details of this manuscript and this manuscript is available in Kumbhs Bahubali of Kolhapur as well as in the Karanja Lod and this is written by the Acharya Jinsen and we find a copy of it in Delhi written in 1386 1386 so this text is written before that no 1379 1379 and so many copies are available in Khajuraho, in Chanderi in Ujain and Trilok Darpan of Pandit Khadaksen Khadaksen nothing is new in this very script but importance is this it is first text of mathematics, cosmological mathematics, cosmological details which is written in Devnagari in this script and in Hindi in Hindi as you know Hindi language so this is in Hindi this is its importance so it is written in 1656 several other manuscripts are available in Sonagir, Gwalior, Sevni Malwa, Indore, Sanawat, Bina, Sevni, Shivpuri, Khargapur etc and it is the oldest book on Jain cosmology written in Hindi of course cosmological books are so many old but in Hindi it is first book and this is the Ganesh Sara of Hemraj of 17th century this is the first text on number theory on number theory written in Hindi and as Shri Yati Sundar Shri Pati Sundar Sugatavidi Nirvikaar Kartar Sugam Anandamay Surya Narapati Surya Narapati Saratar so in this way it is the importance of this it is written in Hindi and we find in this that the type of number countable uncountable and finite is mentioned in this very text nothing else in 89 shlokas in 89 pad Guru Prasadavadhar Taragnati Karun Sankhya Sankh Anantakari Veda Sankhata Vichar Asankhata Nao Parakar Naahi Vidhijan Keho Anand Abhush Inko Sun Lo Virtand This classification is available in Isthanang, in Bhagvati in Aniyog Dwar, in Jammudi Pragyapti, in Tiloe Parnati in Trlokasar, in Jammudi Parnati Sango the same type of details is available somewhere we find minute details difference in the Anantaranth in the Anantaranth are the quantities which is added, we will find some difference but in entire tradition in Agambar and Shatambar both this classification is almost 99% same but the beauty of this this is in Hindi and he write Aai Bhe Dikis Thool Roop Kinshit Kahe Sukhsham Jaane So in this way he has illustrated thing in very simple manner, yes and I have collected this very ministry which is shown here from a small town, Ganj Vasodavidisha and other known manuscripts are from Jaipur, Boondi and a copy of the Boondi is available in Kundukund Gyan or library, Ganeshsara Hemraj is probably first Indian completely mathematical text written in Hindi poetry, the text deals with the unique Jhana classification system of number and this is there are some controversies about the Ganeshara Sangra, it is said that the mention that X upon 0 X upon 0 is equal to X is wrong as a man of mathematics I am also say that X upon 0 X it should be infinity, any number divided by 0 is infinity but according to logical system, according to Nayaik point of view if X thing is distributed among 0 percent, what will be the change, if I have certain thing, these 100 books and if we distribute among the 0 percent means we not distribute then the things will remain safe, there will be no change, this is the idea and this is ignored by M. Rangachary and then they have copied only the further translator copied or followed the view of the Rangachary and this very which is recovered from the Biavar Biavar, the illustration is given that Y X upon 0 is X mentioned by the Mahaviracharya so certain charges which is one more charge, the rule for finding the area of a quadrilateral which is mentioned by the Mahaviracharya is not correct but the things when we see that the rule when illustrated with the example that it is Chakriya Chaturbhaja so this is a typical problem and if it is used for that very case then the rule is correct and if we use it for general case then it will be not proper, so whenever we find the certain commentaries the formula and the validity of formula can be checked in more better way and the limitation of the formula can be explained and analysed with the help of certain such type of commentaries the name is but really it is the commentary of the made by and so many copy of this is available but this copy we have recovered from Bihar another copy is available in Udaipur etc and recently within 2-3 months I have recovered Lagu Sangrahani Sutra from Hat Pipliya a very small town of Devas district and Sangrahani Sutra Balabod by Ganesh Gyan Bhandar it is from Gyan Gacch of Sthanakvasi tradition and this is a very old manuscript about 600 years old and it is recovered from Ratlam now in this case what is our responsibility our responsibility to get the copies of these manuscript from the Bhandars and print the facemiles or put them on the internet immediately so that the interested and the capable scholars may translate them and evaluate critically their content nowadays people do not give easily the copy of the manuscript and the copyright act creates so many problem and national mission for manuscript who collected the data of different Gyan Bhandars is bound not to put on the website because intellectual property right came in between therefore I have contacted him he is not here she asked a question that is there is any commentary before Shingtalak Suri is available in Gyan tradition I have analyzed 8000 data's available with national mission for manuscript being a coordinator for Madhya Pradesh I have a facility to enter in these data's and I have found that no commentary before Shingtalak Suri is written on any completely mathematical text if she will come she is doing work on Ganitilaka of Shingtalak Suri tomorrow she may come then I will inform him I have she mailed me and I have said that I will try to get the answer of your question I have found that no commentary before Shingtalak Suri is available according to my knowledge there may be some so if any commentary procured or found then it will be an achievement but this is the research and if we find then we change our idea and naturally this is my responsibility to acknowledge the assistance providing collecting so many data especially Jain Vishwabharti Jain Sagar Science Foundation National Mission for Manuscript Government of India and Kundukund Gyanpeet all are very helpful and with the help of these we have collected these data which will establish a foundation for the further studies in the field of Jain school of mathematics the text which is recovered so far are the texts a lot of work has been done even then so many texts of non-canonical are ignored and they have a lot of information which is useful for us and it is our responsibility to preserve them for the new generation for further generation I am also thankful to Soyuz Centre for Jain Studies for providing me an opportunity to come here and to interact all of you so many great scholars who is working in this very field thank you Jai Jainendra