 Hello viewers. Today we are going to talk about social work. This is the first introductory course of Bachelor of Social Work where we are going to talk about the introduction to social work. As social work is described to be a helping or therapeutic profession, it should have its knowledge base on the different social sciences like sociology, psychology, political science, economics and other social sciences. It draws from various perspectives of understanding the individuals, groups, cultures, communities, socioeconomic and political perspectives for a better understanding of the social problems. Social work is a discipline as well as a profession. It involves the application of social theories to have a better understanding of the society and people. It applies therapeutic processes and methods to deal with social and individual problems. Social work is concerned with the causes of social problems, its impact on the individuals, groups, communities and to deploy social work methods for its solution. Therefore, social work comprises of a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the societal problems. Social work differs from other social sciences because it is considered to be a profession. The word profession means that it consists of certain skills and artistry. It is grounded on the ideas of social sciences, but it goes beyond to the next level of application of therapeutic models to deal with the social issues. The profession of social work uses skills, techniques and related methods to address human needs and modifying human behavior, and hence it is also known as an applied science because it not only tries to understand the theoretical perspective but also goes beyond to the next level of exploring therapeutic models for solution of the social issues. Now let us go to the next slide that talks about definitions of social work, how social work has been defined by different groups and persons. The Indian Conference of Social Work defines social work as a welfare activity based on humanitarian philosophy, scientific knowledge and technical skills for helping individuals or groups to live a rich and full life. Therefore, this definition indicates that social work involves a humanitarian approach to help people with the use of scientific understanding and skills. When we say scientific understanding and skills it means the use of research, the use of techniques that social work profession utilizes for understanding societal issues. Social work is a process that deals with directly and differentially with persons who have problems relating primarily to their social situation and which endeavors individual to individual to understand what help is needed and to assist the individual to find utilize the help indicated. So this definition was given by Friedlander in 1951. This definition says that social work is a process that links resources that an individual can utilize to solve the issues relating to social situation that surrounds us. So therefore a role of a social worker here is to act as a resource mobilizer with the available resources whether an individual is able to have access to the resources and try to solve the problems that is at hand. Now let us see the objectives of social work. The profession of social work has certain objectives. What are objectives now? Objectives are statements or formulations of what we are trying to do in social work. Some of the important ones are number one to solve psychosocial problems. Here psychosocial means an individual is a composition of not only his physical being but also of the mind. So when a crisis is faced by an individual it is not only psychological in a way or not only social but it is both a composition of psychosocial aspects. So the objective of social work here is to try to address the psychosocial problems that an individual faces. Secondly to fight for social justice. Social justice is something which social work gives much importance. Social justice is a way of fighting against injustice and also to deal with or to reach the justice for a particular issue or an evil that needs to be eradicated from the society. Thirdly to fulfill humanitarian needs it can include both charity welfare as well as rights-based perspective of social work. To solve adjustmental problems and enhance individual's growth and development. Here adjustmental problems indicates not only the societal environment but also the individual's internal conflict that the person is facing. Only by solving these adjustmental problems a person can have proper growth and development in the mind as well as in the body. Fourthly to create self-sufficiency. To create self-sufficiency as an objective of social work here a social worker links a person with the available resources and to make him or her independent or self-dependent. To integrate and coordinate the means and resources of social development. There are many resources in our society but it needs to be properly linked it needs to be coordinated for addressing the social as well as individual issues. Second to develop democratic values and make provisions for corrective and recreation services. Democratic values as stated in the constitution of India social work is a profession that follows them and it is the objective of social work to ensure that these values are credited to the individual's development. To bring change in the social system. A social system which is sometimes weighed down by certain traditional values certain beliefs that are not rational needs to be fight against. So here the role of a social worker is to bring about a change in the social system which is not good for the society or which needs to be eradicated. To provide social legal help it is also directly linked with the objective of providing social justice. Social legal help is not only providing psychological and social help to a victim or to a person who is seeking social justice but also providing or connecting him to legal help or advocating for the client when a person is seeking social justice. Now let us see the main motto of social work. As it is stated helping people to help themselves here we are talking about empowering the client. Helping people to help themselves is a perspective which focuses on not only empowering the individual but also help him understand his strength and the way how he or she can reach or develop oneself without being completely reliant on the social worker or someone else for the particular objective. Functions of social work. P.D. Mishra who is an eminent social scientist had categorized social work functions based on the following criteria. First one is curative or remedial function. Under the curative function the following services are provided. Medical services, health services, services relating to psychosocial and mental health, psychiatric service, child guidance, child welfare services, services for the handicap and the disabled and rehabilitative services. So in the curative or remedial as the two words itself suggest that curing something the problem which is already there now in social work profession we need to find a cure or a remedy to the particular problem that is why the first function of social work is curative or remedial is in nature. Second one is correctional function. Correctional the word itself means to rectify. So correctional social work has three broad areas. First one is individual reform services which includes prison reform, probation, payroll and other related services. Correctional function includes those services where a person has to go through certain reformation and these are the services that are provided to a particular individual or a group. Secondly under correctional function is services for strengthening and improving relationship for example family welfare services school social work and industrial social work where certain reformations are required certain development is required or change is required within the system to rectify certain things that is the main objective of correctional function of social work. Then thirdly services for social reform like employment services, prevention of prostitution, beggary, provision services and removal of untouchability that is to do away with social evils that is the second objective of our second function of social work under the correctional function. Next we go to the preventive function. Prevention services include life insurances, public assistance, social legislation, labor welfare, adult education and prevention of diseases. The word preventive itself suggests that in order to prevent certain problems from happening that is why it is known as the preventive function therefore the examples that we see here like life insurance, public assistance, social legislation, labor welfare are all preventing the occurrence of certain social problems. Next function is developmental function. Developmental tasks are socioeconomic developmental activities, education, recreational services, urban, rural development programs and program for integration that is looking for development of a particular region or a country. Next we go to the methods of social work. After understanding the definitions of social work, what is social work, the objectives of social work as a profession and a discipline then we studied the functions of social work. Now let us move on to the methods of social work. When we talk about method, a method can be defined as an orderly way of doing certain things or an orderly way of procedure in which things are carried out with a particular aim. So as we have discussed in the objectives of social work it is mainly to deal with humanitarian needs and to provide social justice to the society. So keeping that objective in mind certain methods are there in social work. Total six methods, three of them are primary methods and three are secondary methods. Each technique, each method uses different therapeutic models or strategies to deal with the social issues. There are six in total. Let us come to the first three which are known as the primary methods of social work starting with number one social case work, number two social group work, three community organization. These three are the primary methods of social work while social action, social welfare administration and social work research are the secondary methods of social work. The first three methods of social work are the primary ones as already mentioned and let us start with social case work here. So case work was first defined and identified by Mary Richmond in 1922 in her book Social Diagnosis where she defined case work as those processes which develop personality through adjustments consciously affected individual by individual between men and their social environment. Social work or case work is known as social work practice with individuals. The method enables social functioning of individuals which focuses on one-to-one relationship. The case worker deals with people and situations one by one. So case work as the word itself suggests that it is focusing on one particular case or one individual problems. So the study is on an individual and identifying the therapeutic models to deal with the individual's problems. So the case worker deals with people and situations one by one. When a client comes to a case worker he or she has to look into mainly four components. The four components are person, problem, place and process. So the person is the client who comes with the particular problem that is the second component. So the focus has to be on the problem. Thirdly the place where the problem has occurred and where the client is meeting up with the case worker and process is the technique or the strategy that has to be applied to deal with the individual's problems. Secondly we go to social group work. It is the second primary method of social work. It uses group as a medium of therapy to modify and enhance social behavior. So when individuals with similar problems come together the social worker has to make sure that certainly there will be provisions where discussing or relating with each other's problems, individual problems will bring about certain kind of health for each other in the group work process. It is a method that uses group as a medium of therapy to modify and enhance social behavior. Group work is applied to assist individuals to enhance their social functioning in a group setting to cope more effectively with the social environment. So here what happens is individuals with similar problems come together. There is the group worker to guide them and the group process takes place to modify and to therapy which is given in the form of group. It is accomplished through groups which have power to enhance problem-solving capacity to prevent the development of serious social problems and to restore and maintain social functioning of members. So here as we have understood the individuals with similar problems come together as a group. There is the group worker who guides and takes forward the group processes and that is how group work is carried on with individuals with similar problems. Thirdly there is community organization. It is the third primary method of social work. It is a method of intervention whereby a professional change agent helps a community action system which comprises of individuals groups and organizing to engage in planned collective action in order to deal with social problems within the democratic system of values. So community organization focuses on a community problem. Here the social worker is the main resource mobilizer or the professional change agent as mentioned here which gives community action system that comprises of individuals groups and organizations in the community to engage in planned collective action. So here the role of a social worker is of being a leader a resource mobilizer and also an individual from the community can be nominated to play a leadership role in the process of community organization. It is a long-term process whereby people who are marginalized or living in poverty work together to firstly identify the needs the desire to create change to exert influence in the decisions which affect their lives and work to improve the quality of their lives and the communities in which they live. So here there is a definition given by gangrate which defines community organization as the process by which the social system of the community provides for integration and adaptation within the community. The community organization here focuses on the social system of the community and resorts to integration of the different resources available in the community first identifying them, strategizing policies and techniques to deal with the problems and decisions are taken within the community therefore here we see huge involvement of the community people with the leadership of maybe one or two from the community themselves. So decision power and strategy making completely lies with the community people along with the assistance of the social worker. Fourthly the method of social work is social action. It is again a secondary method of social work. Social action is an organized group process that aims to deal with general social problems and enhancing social welfare by legislative social or economic progress. It consists of organized and legally permitted activities designed to mobilize public opinion legislation and administration in favor of socially desired objectives. So here social action focuses on certain problems it either aims to resist certain changes which may be for the bad of the community or it also enhances to fight for social justice to bring about social change and to create social movement for the betterment of the society. As it is mentioned here it is an organized group process and unity of the people is very important. These are mobilized with the guidance and the strategy of the social worker as well as the community at large enhancing social welfare by legislative social or economic progress fighting for economic progress doing away with social evils or fighting against certain changes which might harm the society. It consists of organized and legally permitted activities. We have to keep in mind that social protest or protest which takes the form of violence is not a democratic value here. It is considered that in social action only the activities which are legally permitted and organized are to be favored in as a method of social work. Arthur Dunham defines social action as efforts to bring about change or prevent change in current social practices or situations through education propaganda persuasion or pressure on behalf of objectives believed by the social action is to be socially desirable. The objective has to be socially desirable but we have to keep in mind that it is within the democratic values of the society. There should not be use of violence though there is use of propaganda persuasion or pressure it has to be within the socially desirable areas or perspectives. Fifth we come to social welfare administration. Social work requires an understanding of welfare as well as administration as a tool for achieving welfare. Welfare discourse has been changing dimensions from charity to needs and now it's rights based approaches. So social work as we know is also a composition of administration here where the linking of resources is not only based on charity it's not only based on philanthropy but also administration or management of available resources or strategies to create resources is an important aspect in social work therefore social welfare administration is defined as a method used by those who has administrative responsibility to determine organizational goals for social agency or other units acquiring resources and allocating them properly to carry out a program to coordinate activities towards achieving selected goals and monitor assess and make necessary changes in the structure or to improve the effectiveness or efficiency of a system is important here therefore in administration we see that proper allocation of resources or management of resources of procuring resources and how management of people management of resources are important to achieve the welfare objective of social work is achieved through social welfare administration development planning of a society or a country state or a region is an integral part of social welfare and its administration therefore when we plan about developing a particular region development planning needs lot of strategies and lot of skills which is also an important method of social work we see social welfare administration in all non-governmental and governmental organizations social welfare administration is the key to achieving success of organized social welfare activities the last method of social work is social work research research is the basic foundation that gives rise to knowledge so social work research is an indispensable method that enhances the scope of social work practice without the knowledge base a profession cannot survive a profession cannot grow therefore social work research is the basic foundation on which social work practice is built and models are built based on the database that is achieved through research research provides an in-depth understanding of a particular problem identified and thus contributes to the knowledge system it provides information about a particular individual who is the client about the client situation a group or a community problem so research is very important here social work research is an important stream of research as it not only strives to penetrate or get into the deeper roots of social issues but also tries to find solving techniques for such issues so social work research is not only a descriptive research it is also an action research which focuses on building strategies and techniques to solve social issues social workers continuously access data from multiple resources file the progress of clients in individual or group interactions and write reports these are documented and recorded social work research draws heavily from such primary data as well as secondary data so therefore the last part is talking about how data is generated primary data consists of case files one-to-one interaction the transcripts that are written based on the observation and interaction with the client these are known as case files or these are known as the primary methods of research the secondary data focuses on books articles and research which is done by someone else but is a great knowledge base for social work research so in today's class we have discussed about what is social work the definitions of social work the objectives of social work what are the different functions and the six methods of social work thank you