 The importance of considering the differences between the male and female sex in clinical decision making is crucial. It has been acknowledged in recent decades that clinical trials have not always adequately enrolled women or analyzed sex-specific differences in the data. As these deficiencies have hindered the progress of understanding women's response to medications, agencies in the United States have worked towards the inclusion of women in clinical trials. This article was authored by Lu K. A. and D. Pietro Major and A.