 Sexual selection, sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with intersexual selection and compete with members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite sex intersexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population, either from being more attractive or preferring more attractive partners to produce offspring. For instance, in the breeding season, sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and making their mating calls, croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction. The concept was first articulated by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace who described it as driving species adaptations and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can typically lead males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing sexual dimorphism in secondary sexual characteristics, such as the ornate plumage of birds such as birds of paradise and peafowl, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a fishery and runaway, where the passing on the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy sun hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male offspring, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1 colon 1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi. The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world is one of the major puzzles in biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. Many non-exclusive hypotheses have been proposed, including the positive impact of an additional form of selection, sexual selection, on the probability of persistence of a species.