 Dear learners, in the second part of our discussion on social change, we have talked about the processes and nature of social change. We have tried to discuss how social change has been understood from the different theoretical perspectives in sociology. Let us now begin the third part of our discussion on social change. In this part, we are going to discuss about the types and forms of social change. Let us first begin our discussion on the types of social change. When we talk about the types of social change, we have to remember that social change has certain attributes. Based upon the different attributes like magnitude, time span, direction, rate of change, so on and so forth, social change can be classified into different types. So let us discuss them one by one. Based on magnitude, social change is classified into large scale change and small scale change. The large scale changes are those changes which leads to the alteration of the entire structure of the society. Or it leads to major structural changes. It leads to changes in the structures of the social institutions. It leads to changes in the prevailing value systems, so on and so forth. So when we are talking about major changes, large scale changes or total transformations of the social structure or the structure of institutions, so on and so forth, it is large scale changes. On the other hand, the small scale changes are those whose impact or whose influence is very minimum and it leads to minor adjustments, minor changes or it leads to internal changes, not that total, it does not lead to total transformation, it just leads to minor adjustments or minor changes, those are small scale changes. Now based on time span, social change is again classified into long term change and short term change. We have already discussed that change is a continuous process. Some changes have short term effects while some changes that takes a longer period of time and its effect also lasts for a very long, long period of time. So based on the time span, we have short term changes which the impact of which does not last very long. So if the changes takes place in a very short period of time and its impact also do not last for a very long period of time. So such changes are called short term changes and long term changes are those changes which may take place over a long period of time which may have taken a long time, which might have taken a long time and its effects are also long lasting. There are some changes which have taken a lot of time and once those changes happen, the effects are also long lasting. These are changes particularly in our value system, in our beliefs. So those changes takes a longer period of time but the changes in the material aspect of our culture if we say or changes in technology they are very fast. Today we have this mobile, tomorrow we have another mobile with upgraded versions. Today we have this television, this computer, tomorrow there comes another one with much more added features. So those kind of changes in the material domain, in the material aspect of our life are short term and their effects do not last for a very long period of time. It is those kind of changes occur within a very short period of time but changes in our values, changes in our belief system, those kind of changes takes place after a long duration of time and the effect of such changes are also long lasting. So those are long term changes. Now when we talk about changes based on direction, some changes are planned while some changes are unplanned. So think for example the five years plan. The five years plans in India have been instituted after the attainment of independence and they are formulated to bring certain desired changes in the society. So those are planned changes. The government has a vision, the government feels that these things needs to be done for the betterment of the people, for the welfare of the society and they act accordingly. So and the change that comes thereafter following this kind of a planned strategy, planned action that is planned change. When unplanned changes are more or less sudden, it is unseen, it is uncalled for sometimes it is unexpected. So these are unplanned changes. There is no strategy or there is no pre-planned action, there is no pre-planned programming that goes behind unplanned changes, they are unplanned, they come up suddenly. Some changes take a long period of time while some changes happen within a very short span of time. So depending on the rate or the speed of the change, we call it some as a slow change, some change as rapid change, some change as gradual change. So those changes which takes place very fast, which takes place rapidly are rapid changes. While those changes which takes place gradually, which takes place after a long period of time, which takes place slowly are slow changes. Another form of change depends upon the location of causes. That means some changes are eczosinious while others are endogenous. Now what do you mean by eczosinious and endogenous changes? When changes are caused by external factors, when the source is external, certain external factors leads to change within the society, that is eczosinious change. But when changes are internal, when it comes up from within the society, from inside the society, those changes are endogenous change. So dear learners, we can classify the different forms or different types of change depending upon its different attributes. If we take the attribute of magnitude, changes can be large scale and changes can be small scale. When we talk about time span, changes may be long term changes or short term changes. When we talk about direction, changes can be classified into planned and unplanned changes. Based on the rate of change, the social change can be classified as slow and gradual or very rapid and abrupt changes. And when we talk about the location of causes, where is the cause located? Chains can be classified into eczosinious change and endogenous change. That is, change caused by external factors eczosinious and change caused by internal factors endogenous. So, we can classify the different forms of change depending upon the type of change. When we talk about the time span, changes can be small scale and changes can be small scale. So, we can classify the different forms of change depending upon the type of change. But, if we talk about the different forms of change, we can see that the effect is not good. Because, if we talk about the different forms of change, we can see that the effect is shorter. So, we can classify the different forms of change depending upon the type of change. So, we say any is falling and fall will fall. That is, we can classify the different forms of change depending upon the type of change. For that, we can classify the different forms of change. We can classify the different forms of change depending upon the technological features The problem is that there is no need to worry about it. There is no need to worry about it, there is no need to plan or plan. There is no need to worry about it. It is a problem that we have to think about it. I am going to tell you about my plan for five years. My independence plan is to have a five-year-old child. I will have a child for five years, and then I will have a baby. I will have a baby and a baby. I will have a baby and a baby. I will have a baby and a baby. I will have a baby and a baby. I am planning this. I am planning this idea. I have been trying to do this for five years on health and family. It also helps me get my education. If I work to see this, it will help me get my child back. If we have to continue doing this together for five years, we will as per the curriculum. i.e. we could write a parigot on the first button, divided by two different types of parigot, for example, lahemia whatever we have Click on the Porigot button, see how it is and for the Parigot button we could also write the lahemia so, we can write it as Lahemia So, the reason for this is that we have to separate the two types of polybuttons on top of each other. One is the boundary polybuttons and the other is the bi-hick polybuttons. The bi-hick polybuttons are the external factors of external changes or external factors. The bi-hick polybuttons are the internal factors of external changes or external factors of external changes. So, the reason for this is that we have to separate the two types of polybuttons on top of each other. So, we have to separate the two types of polybuttons on top of each other. Dear learners, we have already discussed the different types of social change. Let us now discuss the different forms of social change. Though there is a similarity between types and forms, but we have to keep in mind that types are the social changes classified on the basis of certain attributes. But there are different forms of social change. Social change do not take place in one particular form. It has different forms. So, basically here we are going to talk about the different forms. Number one is evolution. So, evolution is often an internal social change which takes a longer period of time. It is a gradual and slow social change and it is a change from within the society. So, when change takes place from within the society and it is very slow and gradual transformation of the society, it is called evolution. The next is progress. So, when social change is planned towards achieving a particular goal, when social change is targeted towards a particular ideal, it is called social progress. So, social progress is defined as the changing of the society towards the ideal. The ideal is usually seen as a better condition and something desirable. So, when we talk about social progress, it can be understood as like there is a goal and we are moving towards that desired goal. This goal is supposedly the ideal aspect. It is idealized and we are moving towards it. It is a march towards the ideal. It is a movement. It implies a forward march or advancement towards a desired goal. So, when there is a desired goal and we are moving towards that, so such kind of the changes that takes place is progress. Now, next is development. So, what is development? Development is a very broad term and development has been understood differently by different disciplinary perspectives. Development also implies a positive and a desirable state of being. For example, when economists talk about development, they talk about growth, economic growth, economic prosperity, boom. When ecologists talk about development, they basically talk about what? They talk about sustainable development and when sociologists talk about development, they talk about the benefits of growth, the benefits of planning, the benefits. So, there should be equitable distribution and every section of the society must be able to benefit. So, for sociologists, development implies improvement in the life of the people, improvement in the conditions of life of the people. It is not just merely economic development. It is cultural development, social development. So, development in sociology is a very broad concept. It encompasses economy, culture, environment, lifestyle, values, beliefs, so on and so forth. So, all of these changes for the benefit of the people and when the benefit of development is actually received or actually felt or actually, you know, is correlated down to all the people irrespective of their caste, class, community, age, sex, etc. When all of them are developed, it is called development. So, in this part, in this third part of our discussion, we have first discussed the different types of social changes based on the different attributes and towards the later part, we have discussed about the forms of social change and the forms are evolution, progress and development. That is the way we have discussed the forms of social change. So, we have discussed the forms of social change and the forms of social change. I have talked about this earlier, that the forms of social change and the forms of social change are the same, but not the same. Because, if we classify the forms of social change, by niewaccepting the different forms of social change, and for example, in the expression of the form of social change, it is a form of non dis einzige. So, if we call it as Bibhantan, then we call it as Bujji because we call it as Homo Poribhantan. If we call it as Homo Hormazor Aibhantarin Kishuman Karakor Dora, then we call it as Bibhantan. This is called as Homo Aibhantarin Kishuman Karakor Dora. This is called as Homo Hormazor Poribhantan. If we call it as Progoti, then we call it as Homo Hormazor Poribhantan. So, if we call it as Homo Hormazor Poribhantan, then we call it as Plankori Aibhantan. We call it as a goal, we call it as Target, we call it as Desire, we call it as Ideal. If we call it as goal, if we call it as Target, if we call it as Pony, then we call it as Aibhant. If we call it as Aibhant, then we call it as Progoti. If we call it as Aibhant, then we call it as Aibhant. If we call it as Aibhant, then we call it as Progoti. If we call it as Homo Hormazor Poribhantan, then we call it as Homo Grig, then we call it as Homo Grig. If we call it as Homo Grig, then we call it as Homo Grig. So, if we call it as Homo Grig, then we call it as Harbha. I hope you have a good time.