 So I will begin with a short contextualization and methodology. So who is Shufia Torma? She was a pioneering archeologist of 19th century Transylvania, about whom very few things were known until two years ago. And she had an important role in the development of prehistoric archeology in Transylvania. Transylvania is a historical region in the center of Romania. And during Shufia Torma's life, it was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. So in my work, I do not analyze Shufia Torma's work in the context of Romanian archeology, but in the context of Hungarian archeology. Why is she important? Because according to the information that we have today, she is the first woman known to be involved in archeology on the territory of today's Hungary and Romania. And according to Katarina Rea by Salisbury, also in Austria-Hungary. So she is the first person who excavated the Neolithic and Copper Age settlement of Turdaşnunkă, which is one of the most important archeological sites in Romania. You can see that this site is located in southwestern Transylvania. And it is sort of like the Vinca of Serbia. It also has all kinds of legends and funny stories surrounding it. So why is Shufia Torma important? Again, because her excavations in Turdaşnunkă resulted in a large amount of finds, which allowed her to create an archeological collection of more than 10,000 objects. And this collection is still a reference point in Romanian archeology today. So my aim is to examine the birth of Shufia Torma's collection, its role in the internationalization of her activity and the scientific interest that it had raised in the cultural, social, and political context of 19th century Transylvania. In my research, I've been using sources such as archival documents, 19th and 20th century scientific publications, as well as 19th century Hungarian and German press. And I've been undertaking my research in seven institutions in Hungary and Romania. And you can see them listed here. These are museums and national libraries and research institutes such as the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. I will shortly present Shufia Torma's personal and professional background. So she was born in one of the noble families of Transylvania, the Torma family. And here in the cemetery, you can see the residents of this family. The interest in history and archeology existed within the family. Her father was a historian, a politician, and he also did some excavations. And her brother was a famous archeologist, Károly Torma, who was a close collaborator of the other mums. Shufia Torma was educated at home, as well as in an elite school for girls. And she did not have an academic education in archeology. As Hungarian women were first allowed to study in universities in 1895. After her parents' death, she devoted herself to raising and educating her sister's children. And this is when she develops her interest in paleontology. And she undertakes all kinds of local expeditions, which result in the creation of a small paleontological collection. She never married. She had no children. And after her sister's children grew up, she moved alone to the town of Orochtia, where she was very active on a local level. She was involved in charity acts and all kinds of women's association. In 1876, the Eighth International Congress of Prehistoric Anthropology and Archeology took place in Budapest at the Hungarian National Museum, which was an event of major importance for Hungarian archeology because it meant its international recognition. And prehistoric archeology matured as a discipline shortly after Ciappe. And before the end of the 19th century, prehistory was taught into Hungarian universities. So during Ciappe, an exhibition was organized at the Hungarian National Museum, which reunited the archeological materials from public and private collections in Hungary. Jofia Thurma also participated in this Congress. And this Congress was actually a turning point in her life because it marked the beginning of her archeological career because it is for this event that she started excavating at Turdaşlunka in 1875 and creating her collection. And this was also the beginning of her correspondence with Floris Römer, who is considered to be the father of Hungarian archeology. He was sort of like her mentor. He advised her on how to excavate. And he was also the secretary of the Congress. And you can see him in the second image. And in the first image, you can see the director of the Hungarian National Museum of that time, Franz Pulski. Sorry for the Romanian text. I forgot to translate it. Jofia Thurma was the most important exhibitor from Pennsylvania at this event. And she sort of saved the participation of the Transylvania at the Congress because this region was poorly represented by other important institutions, which only sent materials for one display case. Jofia Thurma's collection was exhibited in a huge display case with discoveries from several archeological sites. After the Congress, Jofia Thurma's collection attracted the attention of participants, as well as her curiosity. And she discussed and debated over her discoveries with the other scholars. And it is here that she managed to establish valuable contacts among foreign scholars. And these contacts were the core of her vast scientific correspondence that Jofia Thurma developed after the Congress. However, the Congress was also the beginning of her professional conflicts with some Hungarian scholars, such as the director of the Hungarian National Museum, Franz Pulski, and archaeologist József Hampel. And this was the beginning of her struggle to gain general recognition in Hungarian archaeology. She was quite contested because her theories contradicted the nationalist Hungarian narratives, and she fueled nationalist Romanian narratives instead. After Jofia Thurma continued to excavate, research, collect, to analyze, and interpret the discovered archeological materials and to develop her theories. And she began disseminating her research through various means. In my PowerPoint, you can see several photographs of pottery, and these are photographs that Jofia Thurma took of these objects, which were her means of dissemination. First of all, she donated a large amount of archaeological materials to institutions, scholars, and private collectors from Transylvania, Hungary, and other parts of Europe. So we have materials in Berlin, Mainz, Oxford, Budapest. I haven't listed here everything, and several other Transylvanian institutions. There is an archaeologist in Hungary who wrote PhD thesis on the artifacts that Jofia Thurma donated to Western European institutions. And she managed to identify, to clearly identify, more than 1,500 objects from Turkish. And she supposes that there are more than 3,000 unidentified objects in European museums coming from Turkish. Jofia Thurma also disseminated her research and promoted her collection through publications, through participating in important international congresses. It is here that she met famous scholars with whom she established lifelong relations. And such congresses are, for example, the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte. And at these congresses, many times, she exhibits parts of her collection. And in Frankfurt in 1882, she is even allowed to hold a presentation, which was a major achievement for a woman at that time. And the most important part of her dissemination strategy is her correspondence with scholars, such as archaeologists, anthropologists, geologists, and linguists of her time, with whom she developed a large and strong academic network. So she corresponded with Hungarian scholars, with German and Austrian scholars. You can see a few famous names here, such as Johannes Rankke, Matthias Mug Otto Helm, Paul Reinecke. And she even has letters with Irish Leman, because she believed that Tordache is connected with Troy. She also corresponded with British scholars, such as Seys, Haverfield, and Laboc. Her academic network facilitated the discussion of archaeological materials, the exchange of opinions, ideas, and latest theories, finding of analogies, and connections between different geographical regions. Also, the exchange of archaeological objects or copies of these objects, drawings of artifacts, and photographs of artifacts. The exchange of scientific literature and interdisciplinary research, which Júfiá Tormá intensely promoted. For example, she is among the first archaeologists who sent samples for chemical analysis and botanical analysis outside Transylvania. And I believe that she had a marketing strategy in our modern terms. So through this marketing strategy, Júfiá Tormá, her collection, and the site of Tordache Lungka, soon became very famous in the European scientific community. And visiting and studying her collection became indispensable for any researcher interested in the prehistory of Central and Eastern Europe, and not only. She invited, welcomed, and encouraged everyone to study her collection. And some of her more well-known visitors are Albert Vos, Reineke, and Birchhoff. Her collections and theories were generally well received by her correspondents, who acknowledged the value of her collection, of her discoveries, appreciated her researches and theories, even if they didn't always fool their view of them. And their appreciation is also shown by the fact that they facilitated her access to important congresses, and they helped her publish in the society's journals. Many scholars refer to or discussed about her collection, discoveries, and theories in their own books, such as Birchhoff. And her first book, there are many letters in which they express their interest in publishing her, in reading her book, Ethnografische Analogien. It is her only book. And she published it in 1894, and she worked on it for like five years. And during these years, they sent her letters telling her that they really want this book to be published. During her final years of life, Jofi Otterma struggled to finish and publish the monograph of her archaeological collection called De Shabbi for the Roman Conquest. Because in many letters, she describes that she has a feeling that she will die soon. And this is why she wanted to finish as soon as possible her major work. But eventually, she didn't manage to do it. And due to financial problems, she sold her archaeological collection to the Transylvanian Museum Society in 1891. However, the collection remained in her possession until death in order to be extended and further researched. During her last years of life, she was very ill, depressed, and concerned about her financial problems. And in her diaries, she always describes her fears of death. And she is the first woman to be awarded with the title of Dr. Honoris Causa by the Franciscous University in Cluj-Napoca, just a few months before her death. So after Jofi Otterma's death, her collection was taken over by the Transylvanian Museum Society, to which she had previously sold her collection. And today, this collection is hosted by the National Museum of the History of Transylvania in Cluj-Napoca. The scientific relevance of her collection was heavily questioned after her death, partly because of the unclear setography of the sites where the artifacts came from. She was also promoting this metric setography that our speaker has explained before. And there were several attempts of organizing her collection and comparing it with the finds and stratigraphic data resulted from later excavation carried out to Tash. But these attempts have been mostly unsuccessful. And the collection became a burden for later generations of archaeologists. So conclusions. Jofi Otterma's collection had an extremely important role in the internationalization of her activity. And she actually builds a marketing strategy around this collection in order to promote her activity. And I believe that this is a collection which has so many archival documents around that it offers valuable insights into the practices related to collections in 19th century Europe. So thank you for your attention.