 Please, take your seat. Introduce yourself Bhavishan. Yes, sir. So, my name is Bhavishan. I came from Kashmir. I did my undergrad at IIT Kanpur in computer science and engineering and this is in the second attempt at suicide sources. I will ask one thing. You are a pass out from IIT Kanpur. Yes, sir. He is one of the best institutes, the twin IIT, the two IIT Kanpur. Yes. So, why you opt to come for this civil services? What prompted you to come to civil services? Yes, sir. Sir, actually during my stay at IIT Kanpur, I tried out different, this case, so I did a research internship, then I did a corporate internship and during my last year, I developed a strong interest in international relations and political philosophy, while at the same time, I thought a civil service job would provide that sense of meaning and purpose that was missing in other jobs and I wanted to be a practitioner, that is why I decided for civil services. I will tell you one thing. Yes, sir. There is a study. They tell that they spend about 6 lakhs of rupees per year for a school in IIT. Yes, sir. So, the government is spending huge amount of money. Yes, sir. For study, development of IIT students. Yes, sir. But after taking a seat over there, if you come into civil service, yes, sir, don't you think that it is a wastage of money, government is spending second. Now what happens is, you are also in a way, blocking will not be the right word. You are stopping another a meritless student to come into IIT. That is the reason that was a Pranam Mukherjee committee. Pranam Mukherjee committee recommended that this controversy was there previously. Yes, sir. Now he touched the hard-knit's nest that the technocrats, I mean doctors and engineers should not be allowed to come into the civil service. Yes, sir. What is your take on this? Be little precise and be little, give with a little narrative, say, if you can. Yes, sir. So first, I don't think it's a waste of seat because I think the major advantage is when people from different disciplines interact and the progress happens at the margins. So sir, in administration and in foreign policy, technology would be the mainstream. So it would be really helpful if IITians and other technocrats can join the civil services. So I don't think that it's a waste of seat. And the aptitude that we have developed will help in civil services. What is your take on wastage of money? Now this much of money, government is spending on it. Yes, sir. What is your take? So my training at IIT has not just the knowledge content, but has also built the aptitude, the general skills that are applicable across a broad spectrum. So and that would apply in administration too. And the history shows that IITians starting from have been successful in all domains, including administration. Okay, very different. Anyway, now my next question is, you must have heard these days a lot of criticism, this thing is coming, bureaucracy. Yes, sir. That was called the steel frame at one point of time. Yes. What do you think from your point of view, what major challenges the bureaucracy faces these days? And why it is still that the steel frame is crumbling down? Yes, sir. So there are multitudes of changes. Be specific. Yes, sir. So first would be the politicization of bureaucracy. Then would be the corporate politician and the bureaucrat Naxis that is emerging, that is leading to cronyism. So third would be bad incentives inside the services, which leads to lack of meritocracy. Fourth would be with greater privatization, the best talent is not coming to civil services. So civil services is losing its respected status progressively. You go to the constitution of India. Yes, sir. The constitution of India gives a lot of safeguards to the civil services, all India services, IES, IFS, article 31, article 3, 321 and 311. Anyway, my point is they give a lot of safeguards and also lot of other safeguards like UPSE also stands as a protection. Any action taken against has to be referred to the PSC. But why all these things remaining? Yes, sir. Previously it was not happening. Now why the bureaucracy is succumbing to political pressure? Is it for the material aspirations of the people? The bureaucracy? Yes, sir. Some material aspirations have a role to play, but apart from that, increasingly the permanent executive is reliant on the political class for its promotions, its transfers, etc. That has also led to a pliable bureaucracy. Further, there is also ideological reasons which lead to greater politicization. Further, the constitution safeguards are not as robust and have weakened over the time, especially in the post-Emergency era. So those are some of the reasons. Bureaucracy is to blame for that. Anyway, my point is keeping this thing in view, you are still want to come into the bureaucracy and with help of this, okay. Yes, sir. Now. Yes, sir. What does Bhaveshi mean? Sir, Bhaveshi means future. Future. Yes. When do we observe world ingenious day? So world ingenious day, sir, I am not sure, but I think it is on 11th of May. Anyway, 4th of March. Okay, sorry. And we have started observing world ingenious day only from 2020. By the way, when do we observe national ingenious day? Sir, I think I confuse national ingenious day with world ingenious day. Anyway, that is 15th of September. Why 15th of September? National ingenious day. Sir, I think it is to celebrate Shri Vishwaswarya's birth anniversary. Yes. Sir, Moks Kundam Vishweshwarya. Why do we call him sir? Sir, he was awarded the knighthood by the Royal Society. Did he get any civilian award from our government? Sir, yes, sir. He got the Bharat Atma. Can you tell me his main contributions? Sir, his main contributions were in civil engineering, especially in building dams and water canals in state of Karnataka. Can you name the first dam in which he contributed? Sir, in Karnataka. Sir, actually I have studied it. Anyway, you are from Rajasthan. Yes, sir. What do you know about Mr. Rajendra Singh? Yes, sir. Sir, Mr. Rajendra Singh is known as the waterman of India. He helped in what conservation efforts using traditional techniques like johards, bowdies, etc. Did he get any prize, award, recognition for that? Sir, again sir, I am not sure. But I think he got the Maxise award. Maxise award. Yes, sir. He got. Yes, sir. He got Maxise award. What else? Sir, he got one of the Padma awards, but I am again not sure which one. What else? Stock home water prize, anyway. Yes. You might be knowing about the ministry Jaleshakti. Yes, sir. Can you name some important flagship schemes of ministry of Jaleshakti? Yes, sir. Sir, Hargar, Nalsejal, that is for pipe water. Hargar Jal. So, this is a popular slogan given for. For which mission? Sir, Jaljeevan Mission. Jaljeevan Mission. Yes, sir. So, one flagship scheme is Jaljeevan Mission. Yes, sir. Can you name any other flagship scheme? Yes, sir. Yes, sir. So, the Namami Ganga that has now turned into Earth Ganga. Okay. What else? Sir, Jalshakti Abhyan is all related to water. Jalshakti Abhyan. Yes. What exactly that is? You are right. Yes, sir. Sir, it is about water conservation, rainwater harvesting. Rainwater harvesting. Rainwater harvesting. So, what is the popular slogan given by our honorable Prime Minister related with Jalshakti Abhyan as it is Hargar Jal in Jalshakti Mission. Yes, sir. Here that is popular slogan. Sir, it's about conserving water. Yes, sir. The popular slogan. The popular slogan. Hargar Jal. Yes, sir. Here it is. Sir, Hargoon. Hargar. Catch the rail. Catch the rail. The popular slogan given by honorable Prime Minister. So, you are from Ajmer. Yes. What four people go to Ajmer? To this go to Ajmer? Sir, first would be Ajmer Sharif Dargah of Pazamohina Binshasti. Next, yeah. And second would be Pushkar. Pushkar what for? They go to Pushkar. So, there is Brahma Temple. Brahma Temple. So, is it the only temple in the country or in the world? Yes, sir. Related with Lord Brahma. Yes, sir. It is supposed to be the only temple. Any reason which is cited in our... Yes, sir. Say it's in mythology. Mythology, yeah. Yes, sir. So, what is the reason? Yes, sir. This is the only temple of Lord Brahma. Yes, sir. All over the world. Yes, sir. So, it is believed that Lord Shiva cursed Lord Brahma that he would not be worshipped on earth. And... Who gave that curse? Who cursed him? Who cursed Lord Brahma related with this? Sir, God is Saraswati. Was he his own son? No, Lord Saraswati. That is... Okay, sir. Okay. So, there is a bill which has been introduced in the parliament. And that is related with criminal procedure identification amendment bill. Any idea about that bill? Yes, sir. Introduced recently and what exactly that is? Sir, the criminal identification bill will lead to greater empowerment of police... Please debrief. Yes, sir. One or two lines only, not more than that. Sir, it allows them to collect biosamples. Okay. Yes, sir. So, new method of identification. Yes, sir. Is it like that? Yes, sir. Okay. UAE. Yes, sir. Free Tate Agreement has been signed by India recently in the month of February. Yes, sir. So, now you tell me what are the salient features of the trade agreement? Free Tate Agreement. So, it's a comprehensive economic agreement with UAE. So, it would allow greater investment from the sovereign wealth funds of UAE into India. And it would allow Indian services market access in UAE. It would lead to overall growth of trade. So, how much trade we are having at present with UAE and how much it is going to be increased in another 5 years? Sir, actually I read the numbers, but I cannot remember them now. But sir, I think it was in order of tens of billions. It is $60 billion at present. Yes, yes. And it is going to be increased by $100 billion by within another 5 years. Yes. So, now you tell me what is this blockchain technology, computer science, your subject. Yes. And how this digital currency, this will be issued with the backing of blockchain technology. So, first of all you tell me about the blockchain technology and what is this? With the backing of that blockchain technology, the digital rupee will be issued. Yes. So, first of all, blockchain is the distributed anonymized encrypted technology that allows different nodes to interact anonymously and with perfect security. And digital currency is based on the blockchain technology. So, for example, China has released its digital yuan, which is based on the blockchain. It would be controlled by the central bank of that particular nation. And it would allow full digitization, alternate methods of payment. Okay. My last question that relates with Minerva Mill case. Yes. So, which were the important provisions of the constitutional amendment? 46 constitutional, 42nd constitutional amendments. 42nd. Which were stuck down in this particular judgment, Minerva Mill case. Yes. So, if I recall correctly in Minerva Mill's case, the judicial review was made part of the basic structure. The 42nd amendment led to the 42nd amendment made. Can you recall? Can you say like this that two important provisions made through 42nd amendment in the constitution were stuck down by honorable Supreme Court under this particular case, Minerva Mill case 1. Presidents of direct principles of state policy were fundamental, right? And number two, parliament can amend any part of the constitution. Yes, sir. Is it like that? Yes, sir. Can you recall now? Yes, sir. So, that the first thing would be in Minerva Mill's case, Supreme Court opined that there is a harmonious construction of fundamental rights and direct principles. So, neither precede, so, fundamentals are before DPSP and they need to be understood in a harmonious way. Second would be that parliament has limited amending powers, there is judicial review and constitutionality needs to be. Yes, sir. Thank you. Yes, ma'am. Yes, ma'am. So, you work of AI. Yes, ma'am. And so, my question to you, what do you understand by the term artificial intelligence? Yes, ma'am. Ma'am, artificial intelligence is an attempt to create a synthetic, human intelligence in synthetic substrate. So, in computers, in machines, using algorithms. Okay. Do you see the upcoming of artificial intelligence as a promise or a parent? Ma'am, it's a double-edged sword. It has both promises and parents. So, in terms of promises, it would lead to, it would increase the standard of living. It would lead to greater innovation because further innovation could be done by AI itself. It could lead to self-driving cars, etc., etc. But there are several parents as well. The increasing automation would create an exaggerate the already existing unemployment crisis. There is risk of automated weapons systems. And finally, there is a risk of an artificial intelligence that could be antagonistic to human civilization, etc. I see that you mentioned in your hobby that you like keeping a watch on the market. Ma'am, it's not market exactly, but what I mean by market is marketplace of ideas. So, it's not related to stock market or share market. Okay. So, you say forecasting or prediction, predicting prediction markets. Yes, ma'am. So, what do you mean by this? Ma'am, I try to assign probability to future events. For example, who will win the presidential race in USA or when will the Russia-Ukraine war will occur or whether the Iran nuclear deal will be signed or not. Okay. And having said that, do you think that the time is ripe enough in India to have an AI act and what is the current regulation, policy or law concerning the artificial intelligence in India? As ma'am, according to my understanding, Nitya Ayub has released the AI strategy, national AI document. Apart from that, there's no regulation specific to AI, but there's general IT regulation and there's an attempt to pass the data protection law. So, in that regard, India is lacking for a specific particular law related to AI. Do you think we need an AI act in India? Ma'am, definitely we should start the consultation and discussion process to regulate the technology so that in time we can enact the proper law because it would be a complex thing to do. Okay. What is the current law with respect to cryptocurrency in India? Yes, ma'am. Recently, the finance minister announced the cryptocurrency bill that is to tax the cryptocurrencies while at the same time legitimize and allow crypto transactions in India. Do you think this is the right move? Yes, ma'am. I think it would foster innovation in the crypto, the booming crypto sector while at the same time it would tax the crypto transaction and it would also cut down on the illegal use of cryptos in let's say black market. You are from science background. Are you aware about the Nobel Prize given last year in physics? In any field of science last year? Ma'am, actually, I mean I've read the news but I'm not able to recall any of the news. I don't want the name of the persons. I'm looking for an answer from you with respect to the cause for which this award was given and how would that cause, affect or impact the society at large? Ma'am, in case of physics, I think it was related to... I'm not sure if... I'm remembering Roger Penrose who won the physics Nobel. I'm not sure if it was last year or year before. He won it for his study of black holes. He was the first one to propose the black hole model in terms of physics. In terms of physiology or medicine, I think it was... The research was about how oxidization happens within cells but again I'm not sure on the details. My last question to you is that are you aware about something called the hydroponic stem technique? Yes ma'am, as I understand it is the way of growing plants in water without soil. How popular is it in India? Ma'am, it's popular in urban settings and limited settings but I've not seen a large scale implementation. And which crop do you think is conducable for that kind of an agriculture? Ma'am, the designer crops or the home interior crops that are popular with hydroponics because they could be grown inside and maybe some kind of trash crops. What do you mean by liberalism? So liberalism is the ideology... is an enlightenment at our ideology that developed especially with John Locke that asserted an individual's right to life, liberty and property. It restricted states' coercion and over the years it has expanded into further rights with freedom of speech, with JS mill and now women empowerment, abolition of slavery and now even a welfare state. So I have been reading to you that a lot of people are saying that the current government is liberal because it is liberalizing market and other people are saying it is not liberal because it is encroaching on the civil liberties. What do you think? Are current government is liberal or liberal? So liberalism could be measured across economic or societal dimensions. I would say in economic terms the government is liberal because it has tried to bring more free market reforms. In terms of society it is debatable because some reforms like uniform civil court are liberal in nature while others could be argued to be more conservative or non-liberal or even anti-liberal. So uniform civil court is liberal or liberal? Sir, I would think that it is liberal because it protects the individual from society or religion. Have you heard about that constitutionalities are allowed in South India and constitutionalities are not allowed in North India? So if we have a uniform civil court, which one would you follow across? Till now there is no consensus on what would be the uniform civil court but I believe as law commission and others have said the uniform civil court would not be exactly uniform but it would respect diversity and it would try to protect individual rights. What do you think non-lawyer would have said about the hijab controversy? Sir, law court would have said that it is within the individual's right to wear a hijab but at the same time it is within an institution's right like a school or a religious place to enforce its code of conduct, the dress code etc. Do you think the difference between a Leviathan government and an authoritarian but your electorally silicon government is only a matter of semantics? I do not think so sir because a Leviathan as in Hobbes in Leviathan is a totalitarian government. It has absolute authority while our democratic government would be changed through elections so it is still not perfect. There has to be fundamental rights but still a democratic government is more legitimate than a pure Leviathan. So there are no fundamental rights in a Leviathan? Yes. I mean there is a right to life, right to resist but I mean so Hobbes said under the Leviathan you have a right to resist but there is no fundamental rights as such. So you have also shown interest in forecasting your production markets? Yes sir. What is the regression analysis? Sir, regression analysis is a statistical technique where you take a sample of data and you try to fix a predictive curve or a predictive equation along it and try to predict future outcome made on that based on power sample. What is the P value? P value is a statistical measure to check if your hypothesis is denied. So if P value is less than 0.05 it says that your null hypothesis is wrong and you can take a decision. My final question. Yes sir. Do you think there will have to be a proliferation of IIT and a dilution of the brand IIT? So there are conflicting interests on this. So first we definitely need more IITs to meet the demands of all the students and ensure social justice for example. While at the same time we need to maintain these standards and the brand of IITs. So I think till now what the strategy has been to ensure that the top 5 or top 7 IITs maintain their higher standards while at the same time it has more IITs are opening across India to meet the need for quality education. When I was in the university, technical college was even a good college before it got an IIT tap. Yes. What exactly an IIT tap means to you? Sir, after becoming an IIT there is this greater standardization. The institutional network of IITs is very strong. So for example there is inter IIT freedom of movement of lecturers, professors, etc. And there is institutional knowledge in IITs which could help an institution become more strong. There is an alumni network. Suppose you are recruited into the civil service and become an IAS officer. Yes. You are posted as a SDM. Yes. Sub-development magistrate. In the tribal district, people are very poor at this. Yes. What will be your priority of the work? What work will take on current devices? Yes. So first would be ensuring that the already existing schemes and laws for tribes are properly implemented like Forest Rights Act and others. Second would be to ensure that tribals have their basic Jal-Jangal Jamin. So their livelihoods are ensured. Third, the problem of malnutrition, backwardness of women, alcoholism, gambling, etc. are much more adverse in tribal populations. So that needs to be corrected. Third, we can connect the tribals to other markets or online platforms like Tri-Feed does that. So to ensure a higher income to tribal population and things like ecotourism could be implemented to maintain a balance between economics and a sustainable living. It's a different aspect. All these things combined into one. Tell one what. So that is precisely what Avijit Banerjee told in our internet. One what? Which ails the tribals. Poverty. Yes. Yes. Poverty in different forms. Yes. In different manifestos. Yes.