 Hello friends. Welcome to Shankarae's Academy. In this video, we are going to see law optional test series orientation for those people who are appearing for mains 2021. All right. So first of all, congratulations for those people who have cleared and for those people who did not clear. Don't get disheartened. Don't lose your momentum. Keep trying. We'll succeed. So all the variables to every one of you with that like what you can expect from this session is. I'm just going to tell you what is the series. We have it. What is the schedule of the test? So how the portions have been divided? How many number of tests you have? What are the textbooks to be referred? And finally, so why you should take this series from us? All right, I'll start from first of all, how many tests we have? So we have planned to have eight sectional tests, eight tests that is sectional and one test that is full paper. Okay, this starts from third number and it ends in the last week of December 21. So that you'll be giving given time for revision also. Fine. So this is what now we'll move on to what exactly the schedule is. As I said, the test starts from the third of November 2021. And you know that like so out of these eight papers. Now what we have done is so you know, there are two papers that is paper one and paper two. So in paper one, you have section A as well as section B. Similarly, here also. So in section A, what you can expect is questions will be asked from constitutional law as well as administrative law. And in section B, you can expect questions from international law. Whereas in paper two, section A, it will be law of crimes, as well as thoughts. Whereas in section B, you have largely mercantile laws, plus the contemporary legal developments. Okay, so this is what these are the things which you can expect. In the examination, this is what the syllabus is. So here in paper one, so we have planned four tests sectionally and paper two, four tests. So eight tests in total. All right. So in this also constitutional, you have two test papers and in international law, you have two test papers. Similarly for crimes, it is one thoughts, it is one mercantile laws, it is one and another half of mercantile laws plus contemporary legal developments one. Okay, so this is what the overview of how many tests and how much the portion should be. Okay, so the the topics are divided or that the topics are compartmentalized in a way that based on the importance of the question asked in UPSC. All right. So the first one is even though it is just six or five headings, but it has the most important questions. In fact, the most important and if you take very recently, the last few years, so many questions have been asked on these topics. All right. In this like, first of all, I'll tell you like what are the topics here like you can see it from your on the screen. And I'll tell you these topics, you see fundamental rights. Among this, it is the most important one. And definitely every year, a minimum of one question definitely at the sometimes it can be x into three questions from the very single topic. All right, you can expect that. So this is something and here the distinctive features of constitution like the case of secularism, the case of federalism. So these things like preamble constitutionalism again, recently so much in news now. So again, you can expect so many questions from that also. And the relationship is also kind of an evergreen question. They keep asking it. All right. So these are the topics for the first test, even though it is five, but it is very bulky. That is the reason why we just five. All right. So what are the textbooks to be referred for? So this is one of the most preferred one of MP Jane. Okay, so MP Jane is most preferred for constitutional, especially for these subjects like the topics like constitutionalism. Okay, you don't find much in other textbooks, but in MP Jane also you could find some few pages. So you can know what constitutionalism preamble and about federalism and other things and all. But again, the problem with this book is it is very bulky. Okay, so whichever you don't find it in other textbooks, you can just refer. So you keep it not for studying for reference. All right. If you have already gone through it in your school in college days or while preparation, then you can. But don't go through right now. There is a shortage of content. All right. Just for the content, you can refer like constitutionalism. All right, rest apart. Whatever the books you studied for your preparation before the plumes, stick to that. Don't study anything afresh in the next two months. All right. And you can go through Shukla also. This is also very concise and everything. You know the difference between this MP Jane and Shukla is that Shukla is basically it is given in the order which is given in the constitution like say part one, part two, part three. All right. So you can easily refer can easily go through it will be an order from part one, part two, part three from article one starting with ends with 395 and the schedules also it will be in order. All right. So that is the reason why so this is also gives an easy reference also and good for studying also the language is very simple, precise, concise also and people can go through Pandey also. Pandey language is also very simple because this is referred by students in their colleges. So you can go through either of these books. All right. So MP Jane being bulky only we use it as a reference but those two things you can go through VN Shukla as well as Pandey. So these are the latest thing. So whatever even if you have an earlier version that is fine. No need to worry about it because the content is going to be the same but update the recent current affairs. Now whatever the textbooks you are referring please you know incorporate the current affairs in your answers especially in the introduction part give examples. So give us examples. So that will help you in fetching extra marks. So please do that connect with the recent examples for each of these topics whenever you are writing it be it in the introduction or maybe in the body also. Fine that is something you should do. Next one is starting from this constitutional position, governors, powers and the Supreme Court know most of the ask about questions related to ordinance making power and the pardoning power. All right. So difference between governor left in governor and Supreme Court you can expect more questions from the jurisdiction what is curate petition, origin jurisdiction, appellate jurisdiction, all these things and all. And you see last three years like so many questions have been asked from local bodies which they never asked before 2015 but recently last four or five years they are every year they are asking questions about local bodies and institutions. All right. Relative to property also you can see that and you see the second half of this paper this it is about administrative law. So this is about administrative law these are things and what to refer for these things. You know, before that this part like it's it's more kind of more you have to write in points only there is no much interpretation not many case laws only the provisions you have to focus on. All right. So here but it is very different administrative law like so two things, two books I can suggest you one is IP Massey and the one is by Takvani. So whatever you have studied already can stick to that fine either Massey or Takvani and people can refer to the dookies also. People can refer to the dookies also the dookies either of single publication the single law publication or AK Jains either of it whatever it is comfortable you can go through that. All right. Now coming to the third test so third and fourth will be international law. In international law as usually like I have given you the schedules I mean the topics in that so you can get it like I'll share the PDF also you can get it now. So what you're supposed to study for these things you have to study either Malcolm Shaw but Malcolm Shaw is not surface for you know points or contents led to India. It's not having that much content led to India or India's perspective. So this is the latest edition but even if you go through the earlier versions especially the first part like especially the first topics like the nature and definition relationship. So these are very good in the case of Malcolm Shaw so that is the reason why you can go through that. And in the same time like Indian authors like SK Kapoor like where they given from the Indian perspective you can go through either SK Kapoor or Agarwal both are good. So you can either study this also that also to have an Indian perspective especially the later parts. The later parts can have a lot of things here and all. Later parts I say like with respect to this new international economic order with respect to environmentalism you can find a lot of materials content in Kapoor and Agarwal. All right. So either of these textbooks or as I said you can go through the Dukis also. The Dukis of the single publication is also good. You can go through that or either of Ashoka Jain. But you have to read it selectively. Not every topic in every book is good. Like in some topics are better in AKJ and some topics are better in single publication. So you have to choose which to study which not to study also. Fine. Next one. It is about paper two. In paper two you have law of crimes. I said law of crimes is test number five. In this like it is very first of all when you prepare for law of crimes. Now I put into one single thing but it is very bulky actually compared to thoughts like it is comparatively easy but this law of crimes is very bulky. And especially for these things you have to definitely go through the barrett. So not just the textbooks. So textbooks are preferred for all the other subjects which is part of IPC. But whereas for these legislations you need to go through the barrett. For this one like provisions of CRPC. You must have studied about it. All right. But again for IPC also books as well as IPC barrett. Especially you have to go through the illustrations. Whatever the illustrations which is given in the barrett you need to go through everyone. For every one single illustration given the sections especially in general defenses you have it. Lot many in the general exceptions and lot many things in abatement. And also definitely in the case of you know offenses against human body lot many illustrations are given. So you have to go through that because questions have been asked from that especially in these topics. Okay. So go through the illustrations also barrett also and kindly study the concepts also. As far as the concepts are concerned like you can either PSA Pillay it's known for a simple language. All right. It's known for a language like it's given topic wise. And whereas in Ratanlal and Dirijlal again they gone on the order like section 1, 2, 3. But here it is they have segregated topic wise. So that is the difference. But here the language is very simple. It's kind of a story format. And here it is on the basis of like if you want to specifically check about a specific provision. You need some case loss. You can refer to Ratanlal Lensibility Gaur also. Okay. Either of these KDGAR or Ratanlal Dirijlal this PSA Pillay. Okay. By Vibhote. So either of these three things. And as usual I said again you can go through the Dukkis also if you already gone through that. But still I am saying that now how you have to prepare for these IPC and IPC. The most important thing is that you have to study the essentials. Okay. Essentials are very important. Unless you write an essential say for murder. For say conspiracy, criminal conspiracy. Or for theft or for extortion. First of all you need to be thorough with the essentials. As far as the provisions not every provision is. But at least the definitions. If not the punishments. At least the definition. Okay. 375 rape. All right. 29 and 300 about murder and a couple of homicide and murder respectively. 378. 383. 378th theft. 383 extortion. This is something you need to know provisions. And definitely case laws only the landmark cases. Not every case. Okay. Not every case. But the landmark cases alone. This is something you need to go through that. So unlike say international. International also cases very important. But not much as in the case of TOTS. Okay. So the cases are very important. The next test which we will be having it in six. So in TOTS without cases it is incomplete. So TOTS means cases only. Because there is no provisions for it. No such essentials. Only the case laws. Only the case laws they would give essentials. For instance. So if at all the question is asked about absolute liability. Or say here in the case of strict liability. Strict liability. It is incomplete without trial. And so this is Fletcher. So here absolute liability without MCMETA. So you need to give specific case laws for each of these topics which is asked. At least prepare two. A minimum of two or more. That depends on your ability. Minimum of two or more. So you have to do that. And for all these topics. And with respect to consumer protection act. Like go through along with the recent amendment. So it is given in the textbooks. So whatever textbooks which is there. Along with the previous act as well as the recent amendment. Based on the current affairs also you could ask. All right. So as far as TOTS it is concerned. Like mostly Bangia is very good. So Bangia has consumer protection act. Also the latest version. So kindly go through either Bangia. Or Ratanlal. So either of it is good. So whichever the addition you have it. Finally go through. Next one with respect to law of contracts. Again law of contracts. So I have already given that. Like law of contracts. The book which you have to refer is Aftar Singh. Either the contract one. Or the previous mercantile law. So mercantile comprises of all those things. Like agency also. Sale of goods act. Negotiable instruments. Negotiable instruments. And everything it is included into the mercantile law. So you can go through the bulky mercantile law. Which is given before. Or the specific. Related to contract and specifically effect. All right. Either Aftar Singh or Bangia. Anywhere. So preferably Aftar Singh. So this is what. And these are the topics. And as far as contracts is concerned. Like provisions are not that necessary. Again here the essentials are required. Whatever in the contract. And definitely if possible for a few things. Provisions. And definitely few cases. Not every case. Few landmark cases. And definitely here also what you have to do. You have to go through the bar at once. Not as important as IPC. But still. You have to go through. And the second part. Like negotiable instruments. Arbitration. You know. The last few years these questions are asked as a compulsory one. Okay. In the compulsory one. These also. These also. And also contemporary legal developments. Both are asked as an. Compulsory questions. As a mandatory questions. So you cannot ignore these things. So kindly go through that. And most of these contemporary legal developments. You have to prepare based on current affairs only. Standard textbooks like they are very bulky. No need to go through everything. There are textbooks which is related to these. IT laws. And IPR. And write information. Everything. But no need to go through that textbooks. Take the bar at. Of these legislations. And then go through the current affairs. And current affairs if any issue has been discussed. Go through that provision. And study about that provision. Only that will be important. They won't ask which is kind of more static. Which is everything. So it's impossible to study everything. And UPC doesn't ask such things also. Mostly based on current affairs only. All right. So current affairs did things. Prepare for contemporary legal developments. Okay. That's it for the syllabus part. And after this eight tests are concerned. And you have to study topic wise. And once you're done with it. Like you have a full paper test. And the date will be announced by next month. Like when it is going to be. Maybe within a week or 10 days time. Like you'll be having it. All right. Now why you have to take test series from us. Like the first is like no. So our test is based on. Like it will give you a comprehensive coverage. And it will be in the UPC format. With respect to the time also with respect to the. Marks everything pattern. Everything will be based on UPC. And based on the previous equation papers only. So you'll have a fair idea about it. So we'll be covering the entire topics. Every single topic of it. So we'll be covering it. And secondly the flexibility. So I've given the time. So for each of these exams. So you have seven days time. Okay. But you can. On the date. Like for instance if I given the third of November. You can study. And then if there is something delay. You want to study more. You can write it on the fifth also. So flexibility in timing. It's not like that specific time only. You can go through. And you can write it. And then you can. Get it evaluated. The third is evaluation. So evaluation like will be giving you. A detailed evaluation in the paper as it's like point out. With respect to the body part. The content. That is. Here I say the content includes the body. The conclusion. And the. Introduction also. So how it will be. How you need to kind of. From introduction to. Body to conclusion. So how you have to go through. So what about the structure. How your presentation is. So everything will be considered. And for each of these tests. Will be given a feedback. Also based on the evaluation. Will be given a feedback or support also feedback and. Support will be given through telephone. Or via zoom. Video conference also. So it will be a one on one. So you will be given. A feedback or support. Till the. Till the time you clear or sorry. Till the time that you write the examination. Till the time. You write the examination. So it will be given the support. So how to approach it and everything's. So it will be a one on one feedback. So I'll be. The faculty will be giving us. Giving you that. Feedback. And. Whatever any other questions you have with respect to the. Test and everything. So you just kindly. Mail to us. Or kindly contact in this number. So. Start the preparation early. Kindly. Do. Give. Test. So that like you can like a lot of people have. Good. You know content. They study good. But the problem is they won't be able to present it. In the paper. In the format they wanted it. All right. So kindly. Do it. So all the various people. And. We'll meet in the. During the test discussions. Thank you.