 On March 24, 25, 2022, the Ruan Health Sciences School and the Ruan University Hospital hosted the second national symposium on precision medicine entitled Pathways to Precision Medicine. Supported by Ruan Normandy Health Campus, this event brought together international experts in various fields of precision medicine who came from 11 different countries. Commonly known as the four-primed medicine, precision medicine is based on four main pillars and aims to be predictive, preventive, personalized and more importantly, participatory. This new approach highlights the individual compared to the conventional approach in which disease prevention and treatment strategies are based on an average fictional person as a proxy of the general appropriation. This concept takes into account individual variations of each patient, be it clinical, biological, environmental or social. It aims to translate the gathered data into tailored disease prevention or management actions. The major challenge of the coming years is to train a workforce with high bridge skills that masters the art of medicine but also understands the power and limitations of the overwhelming data-driven technologies. Je m'appelle Harald Schmidt, je suis un doctor medical et une pharmaciste, mais c'est le maximum de français. I work at Masters University and I have moved now from classical research to precision medicine in the past years. Well the precision medicine in the moment is the answer to the imprecision medicine that we currently have. So we basically do not understand most of the diseases, therefore we have to wait until symptoms arise. We name the disease after a symptom and then we treat the symptoms. But because that does not cure the problem, the diseases become chronic. So we have lots of chronic diseases but they are chronic because we didn't know the cause. It's like if you would bring your car to a mechanic and the mechanic would say you have to every three months bring your car again because it's chronically defect. You wouldn't accept this but in medicine we still do. Yeah, it's not something where we talk about the future in 10 or 20 years. There are a lot of things patients or not yet patients can already do. You can for instance get your genome sequenced then you will benefit from every new knowledge that is generated next year. You can use symptom checkers so that you don't rely only on your medical doctor about the diagnosis. You can go pre-diagnosed there and of course you can do prevention. Lifestyle prevention is 80% of the causes of chronic disease. So that's almost the best thing. This medicine is already quite interdisciplinary but precision medicine even more because we are now working with mathematicians, computer programmers in the lab. I never had that in my group before. Now I have mathematicians in my lab and a meeting like this one where you bring all these disciplines together is almost for me like a homecoming meeting. Other medical meetings are still based in organs and I'm always the disruptive guy in these meetings. Here I have the feeling it's basically a homecoming conference. The pathways to precision medicine symposium is a major scientific event that gathers international researchers, health professionals and thought leaders from different avenues of the healthcare ecosystem to discuss, share, collaborate and develop actionable ways to maintain wellness and improve human health. The aim of this event is to raise awareness in the medical and scientific community along with institutional officials about the opportunities and challenges of tomorrow's medicine which aspires to be integrative, predictive and precise by embracing new data-driven technologies. So I'm Shrek Zhang, assistant professor at the Habermas School and associate bioengineer at the Brigham Room Hospital. Our lab has been really working on bio-fabrication perspectives, primarily bio-printing and organ chip devices to allow fabrication of human tissues and organs for different applications. Yeah, bio-fabrication basically means the use of cells and possibly associated biomaterials to allow generation of functional tissues and organ-type systems to allow emulation of the human counterparts for their functions and downstream applications. Yeah, so as mentioned, bio-fabrication can be potentially applied to different aspects. So one thing is 3D fabrication of these human tissues and organs and if you then apply those towards, for example, let's say different donor, patient-derived geometries of the tissues or cell types in there, then you can start to really personalize this medicine according to different patient needs. So that's one aspect, but also another aspect mentioned, this organ chip device is basically in vitro models of human tissues and organs where you can also imagine you can combine them with cells that are coming from different patients, different donor, different people, populations and then allow them to really promote our capacity to screen drugs in a better way. So those are perspectives I think might be relevant to procedure medicine with biofabrication. The clean complementation of precision medicine requires a profound change in medical practice. Future healthcare professionals will be required to deploy a large-scale set to properly engage with the intimidating data-rich medical ecosystem. Communication and leadership skills as well as emotional intelligence will be more important than ever as AI-based systems will not be able to take into account all patients' physical and emotional states. Tomorrow's practitioners will not be replaced by AI, but those who don't master AI will certainly be less competitive. I'm Nela Brössläs, I'm a clinical epidemiologist, I'm a medical doctor by training and I'm a researcher doing lots of research in the microbiome field and also on long-term effects of commonly prescribed drugs. Well I think nowadays in medicine we have made huge advancements already and we can treat the large majority of diseases but there are still many diseases that we don't have an answer for, that we can't treat many chronic diseases that we just keep treating with drugs and for me precision medicine may be a solution to also treat those people to get them back in a more healthy state which can be of course beneficial for a very long time and for many many people although we can do a lot in medicine already. There are really things which are implemented but for those it's often without a solid basis of knowledge, for example probiotics, prebiotics, it's hype, it's a big market already but there is not enough research to really show that it works so I think we need to have a more solid research first and it's not only the probiotics, we also need to restore our microbiome ourselves for example by limiting our prescribed drug use, living healthier if those factors are not in place I don't think any supplement will do the trick. So we do need to understand everything better before we can really implement it but it has a very big potential in women's health like for example to prevent preterm birth also in cancer treatment, will cancer treatment work or not so those are or in chronic diseases, obesity, metabolic diseases so there is a big potential and so I do see that I do foresee that there will be microbiome treatments in the near future some of them are already there but then it can it's a very fast evolving field. I think it's already wonderful that there are so many clinicians and also students who will become active clinicians in the future are participating in events like this because they are the next generation they will be treating us and our family members in not such a distant future and now they already know what's going on and they will be the ones who need to convince their patients and the public as well to live healthier, to use treatments and hopefully I always hope that the clinicians do have a solid research training as well because that's also something I see in research that is often still a bit of a translation problem between the basic researchers and clinicians they are yeah both groups are excellent in what they do in daily life but they do often have some communication problems so it's very good that events like this hopefully fill that gap and make it's easier to communicate so to reach the research to a higher level. This symposium was a great opportunity to foster collaboration and raise the awareness about the challenges of tomorrow's medicine. This whole goal that drives the organizers is making biomedical data speak in a secure clinically relevant and ethically accountable way to improve human health.