 Within the main topic of the nuts and bolts of writing, we have teaching mechanics of writing. Mechanics are related to the messiness of writing, for example, spelling, punctuation and other norms of writing, even handwriting as well. So these mechanics pose problems for second language teachers. Let's discuss some of the strategies and activities or exercises which we as language teachers can bring into the classroom to help our students learn this phenomenon effectively. So writing has its several mechanical components such as spelling, punctuation, construction of sentences, paragraphs, division of paragraphs and these are called the nuts and bolts of writing. Within contrastive rhetoric paradigm, we have this concept that some habits of first language are comparable to second language. For example, some students who acquire first language habits transfer these onto the second language. But this debate is there and there is a useful evidence for this. And as a language teacher, I believe that we need to be aware of the contrastive rhetoric and its implications for language teaching. So there are a number of exercises which we can, which you are already doing and which you might think of doing to improve handwriting, spelling, punctuation, construction of sentences, paragraphs of students. One of them is imitation, showing them examples, showing them good examples. And secondly, let them be creative, let them create. And in this regard, teachers' response to their creativity is crucial. Giving such feedback, which is encouraging, which is motivating and make them write words by their hand. We have word-based, word-process-based applications which also help teach the mechanics of writing in an efficient manner. Nothing can replace reading. Reading both intensive and extensive, reading for a variety of purposes has its rich fruits. So we can encourage reading and we can make the students spell the word out aloud and also make them, if you are teaching at beginning level, you can ask them to keep words on display and you can also ask them to keep log of the words which create problems or confusion for them. And we can bring in the use of games into the, introduce games in the classroom and teach typing as well and explain mnemonics. Mnemonics are the words which remain part of the memory even after they are learned actually.