 Dear students, in this topic we shall discuss the factors affecting the rate and depth of breathing. The stimuli which affect the breathing rate and its depth are the changes in pH level and concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. Various chemoreceptors monitor changes in the oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH levels in the arterial blood. Is tereke chemoreceptors ki tin types hain? Number one, peripheral chemoreceptors, number two, central chemoreceptors, number three, type J chemoreceptors. Peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the carotid and aortic bodies of mammals. In the carotid body of birds, in amphibians they are present in the carotid labyrinth while they are present in the gills of tilioste fishes. The peripheral chemoreceptors respond to falling oxygen level in water or blood. They are important in increasing the ventilation rate during the periods of hypoxia, they are innervated by the ninth or tenth cranial nerves. These students, the central chemoreceptors are sensitive to hydrogen ion concentration. They are located in the medulla of mammals and many other air breathing vertebrates. These receptors decrease, decreasing pH level korespond karte hain jab pH cerebrospinal fluid mein kam hoti hain to yeh wale receptors activate hojate hain. Or yeh jo pH koalkarte hain that is because of rays in carbon dioxide levels. Is tere se indirectly yeh carbon dioxide level ki rising korespond karte hain. Their stimulation causes increase in breathing rate. The type J receptors are located in the lungs. Inki jo position hoti hain wo yeh hain ki yeh interstitial species me mojood hain jo ke pulmonary capillaries ke bilkul kireeb hain. Isli yeh inka naam juxtapulmonary capillary receptors hain aur abrivation mein yeh type J receptors ke laate hain. Type J chemoreceptors are activated when a person is doing violent type of exercise. Kyunke iss kentee je mein respiratory capillary pressure rise karte hain aur iss ke laawa interstitial volume mein bhi zafa hote hain. Yeh jo factors hote hain, inki wajha se jab type J receptors active hote hain to de cause or induce a feeling of breathlessness, sans phulne ki jo ke fiat hote hain wo in receptors ke activation ke baad hote.