 నూత్నాధోనారంనూత్న్న్నక్సిచలిచ్చియారంటాలాత్నిలాకునట్. గ్నలికిచారం గ్నమనిక్నటి. అందారికుతారిసొత్నున్ని. మమికనారాచి బందిచాలికి. విటమని to విసివాచి శూటంట CafOA సివాచికాపారి. విగ౻ందారికిటికౚా, పరథంవంసి సివాచి. వారంత ఆపి కారంచ్ అల�結ాలా కనారింతిందినత అలలిలూఉతి వారిరూతిందిందికిపారంతి. వారిక్ఋట్లులాలుండియోనిక్మాలెలిక్కారెదార్ప్. కోకులికిక్లిట్న్కూవార్ర్సిమురికులా ర్రూయంమికు఍. ,後 sentry is a remedy are accurate for ill-effects of historical discrimination. Since sister told affirmative action. Actually he speak about the reservation. Mumbai presidency, Midas presidency, Mysore presidency, Thruvangur-Kuchin presidency, out of these all నిర్న్యర నినిన్ండిందాతానిన్యంతినిన్లినినింతి. నినింది ఆరెరూందానినిసొరిమారీంకాబంగ్నుకారిమారినిమెనిని. కార్ల్1530 . దిథెధానిమం హా Rogue సాలెగాప్ంట్ిaint రోఎస్లు కటEM songs , సక్రకెకో.asha examples బంయ豊ట్ల్�� ؟ On 28 June 1858, British Queen take her over the East India Company. During 1853, there was occurrence took place in Madras Presidency, particularly at Rajamundri. In Rajamundri district, one Kuttur Venkataramigya, he was a Thasildar. His family members, his relatives, 48% occupied all the posts from village administrative officer to superintendent in the collector. British government not able to administer the things easily with the 48% all own family. This matter brought to the notice of the British government on 9, 3, 1854. First revenue board standing order B.S. No. 128 of 2 in the year 1854. British government issued to all collector. Give preference to all the communities, all the cast. While you are appointing, while you are selecting, don't select a particular person or particular community. That was the 9, 3, 1854. B.S. No. 128 bar 2. And also instructed all the collectors to be careful while appointing. You see the cast and community. In the year 1871, first census, first census in this country. Census report by W.R. Karnis. He given the report to the British government. All the key posts in the revenue administration and other administration only particular uppercast people only dominating. It was published in the public instruction report. For example, he taken on community. Muslims those days were 6.7% population. They occupied only 2.7% in posts, government posts. Brahmins occupied 60.2% posts, but their population is only 3.7%. This was the problem. You know the word though bossy, though bossy. Those who are able to speak though languages, English and as well as some area like French and mother language. They are easily approach the collector or audio or any Mandel offices. They are influence officials. They are able to get the jobs for their family members. Then on 30th March 1881, why I am saying the reservation is more independence than after independence. After constitution came into force, now we are seeing the reservation after 1950. 30th March 1881, one second government British government ordered to give appointment for all the posts to all the communities. Then they are able to identify the students from youths from various communities not able to join in the school. They are not able to affordable to pay the fees. Then 1883 to 1882 years, British government given grant in aid to all the students for joining in the schools. Scholarship to the students. Then 1886, Adcheson Commission, Sir Charles Oomperson Adcheson. The first public service commission appointed in 1886 in this country. Not only for Madras Presidency, all the presidencies. For what purpose public service commission appointed to give equal opportunity to all the communities, all the caste people. 1887, he given a detailed report to the government. On 12th September 1889, British government issued a specific order, order number 104. Few jobs to the all the communities which are all the posts, how many persons to be appointed. That was the first order 104 on 12th September 1889. District heads, collectors to district judges for sub collectors 7. Secretary to Board of Revenue number 1. One post reserved for the poor and downtrodden people. Under secretary to government one post. Total 15 posts reserved for the poor people by the British government on 12th September 1889. Further government based on the Adcheson report provided all the facilities to the students for the development in the education. 1906, government conducted survey about superior offices in all departments. Whether the result, good result come or affected. In the meantime, you have to understand North India, Satrapati, Sahu, Magaraj, Jyotirapooli, Savitrivaipooli. In Nagpur area, no girls are permitted to go to school. No widows allowed to come outside of the house. Savitrivaipooli, Jyotirapooli started school. 1813, he started a school for native girls. Nobody available for teaching the girls. He educated his wife Savitrivaipooli. Savitrivaipooli conducted the school. In the same manner, Satrapati, Sahu, Magaraj, first Magaraj announced 50% reservation for the backward class people in all the posts. He went to London in a function. There he announced, Kholapur, Magaraj. For your advice, I want to tell one thing. In this country, all Magarajas only given reservations. Sahu, Magaraj, Mysore, Magaraj, Thiruagur, Magaraj. All given reservations, not politicians like us. He failed. Magarajas only given Sahu, Magaraj was the first ruler. Identified the backward class people, SC people, ST people, given reservations. In 1912, the survey conducted after the public service commission. 70, even though the service commission was appointed, identified all the persons, 15% were strictly to be appointed from the board and backward. The survey report revealed 70%, 70% Brahmins only dominated, 30% remaining all the class. In the 1912 British Parliament appointed Royal Commission on Public Services. That was the second commission to find out the representation of various communities. These are the why the reservation introduced in Magaraj presidency. Magaraj presidency was the first state government reservation for the poor people. The reason, the Royal Commission on Public Service conducted an inquiry on 8.1.1913 to 18.1.1913. The result was very alarming. Deputy collector, Brahmins 17. Non-Brahmins Indus 30. Muslims 15. Indian Christian, Anglo-Indian 18. Subjudges, subordinate judges. Brahmins 17. Non-Brahmins Indus 3. Muslims 0. Indian Christians Europeans 0. District Munshits, they are working in Thaluk level. Thaluk level is the level of the district Munshits. Brahmins 93. Non-Brahmins Indus 25. Muslims 2. Indian Christians 5. Europeans 3. If you see the population, Brahmins only 3.2% at the time. Non-Brahmins Indus 85%. Muslims 7.5%. Indian Christians 2.7%. Europeans 1%. Then, 1913. Honourable sir, Alexander Cardo, member of Madras Executive Council, given evidence before the Public Service Commission. He was called with the Public Service Commission and recorded the evidence about the representation of the various communities in the various posts. Officers, out of 16 officers, 15 were Brahmins. Engineers, out of 21, 17 were Brahmins. District collectors, out of 140, 77 Brahmins. District Munshits, out of 128, 99 Brahmins. Remaining are non-Brahmins, Hindus, Muslims, Anglo-Indians, Christians and other communities. Then, what about the admission rate in the university? Madras University is now the oldest university in this country. 1914. Madras Provincial Legislative Council, what we are calling now assembly. There is a question, what is the admission rate in Madras University? The answer from the government, out of 650 students admitted in the Madras University, out of 452 are Brahmins. Remaining from all the communities. And the problem started in Tamil Nadu. Here the reservation is just started after this only. 26 to 1917, Dr. T. M. Nair, he started a magazine called Justice. That is the South Indian Liberal Federation movement started in Tamil Nadu. Justice Party, then it was started. T. K. Nair was President and he headed a team to London. In British Parliament he elaborately explained the situation of India, education, job, the rise in the issue of reservation. On 30th November 1920, Madras Presidency election, first election was conducted. 63 seats Justice Party, one captured the power. When Subarailu Redhyaar became the Chief Minister of the Presidency on 17th December 1920. In the meantime, 1918, Mysore Maharaja, Nalluwadi Krishnarajavadayaar, first formed a committee under the Chief Justice Miller. Leslie Miller, Chief Justice of Mysore, a committee was appointed by Mysore Maharaja. Then he given the situation for the backward class people. Based on the Mysore ideology, actually Miller committee recommended, submitted report 1919, within 7 years, 7 years limitation was fixed by the Justice, Alderman Justice Miller. Within 7 years, all the backward class people, all the SC, all the ST reached all the post 50%. It was his recommendation by the Chief Justice Miller. 1920, communal Geo was issued by the Mysore Presidency, by the Krishnarajavadayaar. In Tamil Nadu followed the same, Chennai Madras Presidency, historic year, 100 years back, 16th September 1921. One Mr. Tanigachalam Sityar, moved a bill in the council, first communal Geo since 13 by 1921 was issued. New reservation jobs to all, 31st December 1920 and half a year later, whether this Geo worked out. Non Brahmin Hindus 48, Brahmins 22%. It worked out actually, Indian Christian 10%, Mohammedan 15%, European Anglo-Dian 2%, depressed class. Those days there are no SC or ST, only depressed class. Punjamaar, they were called as Punjamaar. If you see 1500 years back, there was Sivamandram, Thirumandram, Sivalingam, Sivalingam, Padiga will be worshipped by Brahmins. Gold will be worshipped by the Rulers. Marayana stone will be worshipped by the Vaishyas, stone by Sutras. Punjamaar will not be allowed to worship, this was 1500 years back. They were called as depressed class on 158 1922. Second Geo 658 of 1922 issued. Strictly implement the 1921 Geo in all the departments. These all presidencies, stop selection board, stop circumcision. Now we are having stop circumcision throughout the country. Stop selection board, first time constituted by the government on 31st December 1923. The same Justice Party, one with majority. Badagal Rajabayam, the Chief Minister. On 14th 1924, stop selection commission started working. 18th November 1926, third legislative council election, Justice Party lost. Justice Party fought for the poor, fought for the downtrodden, fought for the backward classes. SC, ST, unfortunately people not recognize, they are lost in the election. Independent candidates won, Justice Party, Suraj Party. Actually for your information I want to tell. 4th December 1926, Dr. Subrayan, we heard about him. He was the barrister from Salem district, wherever Sanger born in the same area. He was a Jamindar. He studied along with Jawalla Lairu. In his family alone, he and his son Mohan Kumaramangalam, a senior advocate. His daughter Paridhikishan. His wife, all 4 persons went to jail for freedom movement. He owned 8000 acres as a Jamindar. When Jamindar abolished an act, while he introduced in the assembly, everybody asked, you are 8000 acres. Owned man, we are introducing this bill. What was his answer? Yesterday itself I gave 8000 acres to all the poor people by registration of the document. I am coming with only 4 acres of land and he announced. He became the chief minister. And also, first backward class man became the chief minister on 4th December 1926. Dr. Subrayan, barrister, he practiced as a lawyer at Salem under Rajaji. He only issued the Geo, communal Geo. This was the first communal Geo on 26th October 1927. Geo no. 1071 of 27. You all must aware this first communal Geo and second communal Geo. Those who are going to UP is the exam. The first amendment in the constitution in article 50 to 54 in 1951, this Geo is only main reason. According to that Geo, for each 12 posts, selected 12 posts. Suppose 12, you are appointing 12 revenue inspectors, 12 Thasildar, non Brahmin Hindus 5, Brahmin 2, Muslims 2, Christians, Anglo-Indians 2. First time schedule cast word used and schedule cast one. One mutteyam avalyar from Thanjavur district, he was a minister for cooperation. On 4th November 1927, he implemented to his department successfully this reservation in all the area throughout Tamil Nadu. The roaster system you all here 100 posts have the roaster A category, B category, C category, G category roaster system. Introduced first time in India in Vedas presidency in there 1927. 1929 2000 constables were appointed Vedas presidency. Out of 2000 constables only 130 from ACs, that is 6 percent, 340 posts, 340 posts, 70 persons taken by Brahmins. This is the anomaly in the Geo, the issue started by Adidraavada Maha Sabha by AC leaders. Since you are giving one person reservation for ACs, we are not able to occupy all positions strongly opposed to this first communal Geo. Then what is the way to bail out this difficulty? British government 1929 discussed with the Vedas government even Bombay, Calcutta, all presidencies, all the district collectors directed to count the heads of ACs in the country 1929. 1931 first census in this country, in the census only, schedule cast is named in the census report 1931. 17 August 1932, British prime minister Ramse McDonald given first communal award for ACs. ACs given 30 seats in the Vedas assembly by that award. 1937 Congress party came to the power in Vedas. 1944, Periyar, Ivara started agitation. Since first communal Geo, you are given one person to AC. So ACs are not able to capture the post, you alter it, you modify the Geo. Then what is the government of India post? Government of India post only 12.5% only, schedule cast and schedule drives occupied in the various positions. 21 November 1947, the first chief minister after independence was the minister, Oman Dur Ramaswamy Redhyaar. For past 3 weeks, I continuously spoken about his achievements in Pudighai. Even yesterday evening also I spoken 730 to 8 about the achievements of Oman Dur Ramaswamy Redhyaar. He announced in the second Geo, he taken 14 posts. Each department, Hindu non-Brahmin 14%. Hindu non-Brahmin backward class, first backward class were used in the government Geo by Ramaswamy Redhyaar. 14%, non-Brahmin forward 44%. Brahmins 14%, Muslims 7%, Anglo-Dians 7%, Estes 14%, 2%, so automatically 14%. The problem started to agitate against this reservation, second communal Geo. 1926 November 1949, constitution was adopted in the constitution assembly. We are celebrating National Law Day, 26 January 1950, constitution approved in the parliament, implemented. There is a specific class article 15-1, no one should be discriminated on the caste or community. Jadhi in vera, madhat in vera, varreera vaipai, aur urukku kudukku kodadin budha article 15-1. Since the Brahmins occupied 85% posts, now they are only occupying only 14%. 14%, so they want to close this Geo. They waited for the chance. Brother and sisters, you have to understand this case. One lady aged 42 years, Shinbhagam Thore Rajan. Shinbhagam Thore Rajan, filed repression over the Madhasai court. She was not given medical seat due to reservation, this second communal Geo. One CRC Nivasan, moved it that he was not able to get engineering due to this second communal Geo. One Venkatraman, filed it, he was not able to get government job. Two students, one person job. Opposing this second communal Geo, imlimited by Oman Dur Ramasamy Riddhiar 1947, he was the chief minister after the freedom. It is pathetic note. Constituent drafting committee first, B. N. Rao was the advisor to the Constituent Assembly, Menagal Narasigarau. Our most respected leader Ambedkar was the chairman of the drafting committee, all aware. First member, Alladi Kishasamy Iyer. One who drafted the constitution, he come forward to agitate Madhasai court for these three cases. He argued and another V. V. Srinivas Iyer along with him, they argued the case. This reservation affect the article 15-1 and article 29. Madhasai court allowed these three repressions, cancelled the reservation. On 27 July 1950, seven judges bench of the Madhasai court set aside the reservation. Periyar Iyer announced on 14th August 1950, throughout country agitation with the help of the students, all colleges, schools, all participated in the agitation. Immediately Madhasai government filed appeal for the supreme court. The same Alladi Kishasamy Iyer Srinivas Iyer argued for these three people, Shrinbhagam Thurerajan. You can all find out the judgment, Shrinbhagam Thurerajan v. state of Madras, a famous judgment. Shrinbhagam Thurerajan v. state of Madras on 9-4-1951, supreme court, appealed the decision of the Madrasai court, dismissed the Madras government appeal. What is the way, how to help the poor people, how to help the SEST busy people. Immediately Mr Kamaraj, at the time he was not a chief minister, he was not a political leader, ordinary worker. He approached the Javallal Iyer. He convinced the Javallal Iyer to help the states to view this reservation, affirmative action. What our sister told, affirmative action to the poor. Then Ambedkar convinced on 12th May 1951, this is the first amendment in the constitution. Our constitution till date 105 times amended, constitution is 105 times amended. First amendment 1951 in article 15-15-4. If any state government wants to give, wants to implement, either education or in job, firstly education, article 16 is the job, 15 is the education. Either this act or any other act will not affect the rights of the state. That was the first amendment moved by Ambedkar. It was passed in 26-1951, it was passed in provisional parliament. On 18-6-1951, President Hassan that was implemented. Since you are all studying UPSC, you must understand this case. Even I am having close contacts with the IAS, IAPS people all. When I was a member of parliament, I was given a very big bungalow. I never allowed for rent. Two rooms, I was given poor students from my constituency. Meals what food I am taking, they are taking. Now there are so many people are working in the either state or government of India. I used to ask them what is Senbhumi Thirajan case. After beginning IAS, I used to ask them what is Senbhumi Thirajan case. What is the Srinivasan case, what is Venkatravasan case, why constitution was amended first time. I am pathetic note one thing with all young friends. Senbhumi Thirajan 42 years, never applied medical college. Srinivasan never applied engineering college. Without applying to the engineering college, without applying to the medical college, they approached the court, the reservation affect our right. I could not consider whether you applied or not asked. Srinivasan does not ask whether you applied or not, what is your application, what is your mark. He is a widow 42 years old. How is he going to become a doctor? Pathetic situation, poor SC, ST, backward class people's rights were sealed by these three people. Really Ambedkar, unlimited article 50-15-4. Actually Ambedkar was about to resign from the ministry of law and justice after implementing this only he reserved. Article 15-4 cleared the reservation, BC 25%, SC 15%, ST 1, totally 41%. Reservation due to Ambedkar only limited in this country. The first chief minister implemented in this country is Mr. Kamraj. He became the chief minister of Tamil Nadu on 13th April 1954, that is called Siddharthai, Tamil New Year Day. Within 17 days on 13th April 1954, first chief minister issued Jio, Jio 2643, 41% reservation implemented. Now Tamil Nadu is enjoying, you all know, the only state enjoying 69% reservation is Tamil Nadu. 30% backward class, 20% most backward class, 18% SC, 1% ST, 69% that also included in the ninth schedule of the constitution. No court can question the 69% reservation in this country. For this 69% reservation, the poor people, downtrodden people, enjoying is the Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu government only given. What about the government of India? This one party is over. This is with respect to backward class, this is with respect to most backward class. You all know Article 340, 340 subclass 1. According to Article 340 subclass 1, government of India has to constitute a committee, commission, national commission to identify the who are all backward class people. The question of SC is, already in 1936 itself they were announced, which are all the cast SC announced. 1950 constitutional order clearly given, which are all the cast SC, SC party is over. That is the list maintained by the government of India. 1950 constitutional order, 1950 ST community order, that is maintained by the government of India. What about the BCs? Who is BC? While drafting the constitution, Ambedkar clearly stated in the Article 340 subclass 1, government of India has to constitute a commission to identify the backward class people in this country, prevailing situation, education, job and what are all the SCs to be implemented for their welfare. That was the Article 340 subclass 1. But Javallal layer government not taken any steps to appoint Ambedkar, resign the post, November 1951. He given 10 reasons for his resignation in the parliament. Out of 10, this government failed to appoint a commission under Article 341, failed to identify the backward class people and not taken any steps for their welfare. This was the reason given by the Ambedkar. This created a very big problem in this country immediately in 1953. Now you have to see in this reservation, since cream layer coming in this only, everybody, all those students are studying the Sankarayas Akademi or calling me sir, whether my parents are cream layer, whether I can get certificate. I am going to explain now. I will be with you more than half an hour, explain cream layer to you. Why the cream layer comes now I will explain. On 29th January 1953, Javallal layer appointed Kaka Kallelkar commission. You may expect questions from Kaka Kallelkar commission, Mandal commission, Indira Saiyani case. Kaka Kallelkar commission submitted a report on 13th March 1955. 2399 caste are backward class, backward caste. Out of which 837 are most backward class. It is unfortunate that report not discussed in both house of parliament. Without discussion 14th August 1961, Kaka Kallelkar commission report was rejected. After that 16 years, nobody bothered about the backward class. 1977, March 24th, Muraji Desai become the prime minister of this country. 204 MPs from North India from backward class, backward communities. They raised the issue in the parliament. Muraji Desai announced in the parliament on 20th December 1978. I am going to appoint second national commission under BP Mandal. 1179 Mandal commission was appointed. 21 March 1979, he started work throughout the country. He went to the villages, met the people, met the political leaders. Up to 12th December 1980. 31st December 1980, he submitted the report to the honorable president of India, Mandal commission report. 3743 caste were besies. 52% of the population besies. Recommended 27% reservation in the jobs of the government of India post. Be issues, insurance, railway and everything. Our pathetic situation, he submitted the report on 31st December 17 days earlier. Indira Gandhi became the prime minister. Muraji out. That government, Janata government gone out. During the regime up, Indira Gandhi and Raju Gandhi period, that report was not considered, not taken. On 12th December 1989, another Maharaja. Kualapur Maharaja, Thiruvanguru Maharaja, Ramuladi Krishanaraja. Vipising Maharaja came to the power. Vipising on 7th night 1990, he placed in the Mandal commission report in both the houses of the parliament. Announced 27% reservation for the backward class people, agitations throughout the country. In Delhi alone 300 buses were burnt. Nearly 157 students were youths were, sorry, one student died and 157 students were youths. Attempted self formulation, big agitation. On 13th August he issued the geo for 27% reservation. He lost his job. By giving reservation to backward classes, he came out as the ex-prime minister. So many people opposed reservation and filed the reputation over the apex court. Leading case was Indira Sagani versus Union of India. You must all understand Indira Sagani versus Union of India. I was in the, when I was a member in national commission, backward classes 6 years. Government of India asked me to sit in one interview. I asked some of our youths, what is the case Indira Sagani versus Union of India? Sir, that is no way connected by state. You are all going to become a, in this country, judiciary, executive, legislative. We are legislative, we are framing the laws. We are implementing the laws. We are monitored by the supreme court, judiciary. So you are the ruling class of this, you are all going to become the ruling class of this country. You must aware all these things, Indira Sagani versus Union of India. You must read the judgment. Either you become IAS or IPS or IFS, you must understand all these prima facie issues involved with the community and caste. Indira Sagani case on 16th November 1992. Indira Sagani and others versus Union of India and others. Indira Sagani civil number 930 of 1990. It is reported in 1992 supplementary 3 SCC 217. Indira Sagani, if you put a Google Indira Sagani case, it will come. It is given 4 recommendations. Government decision was accepted by the supreme court and given 4 advices to the government. Number 1, creamy layer. Creamy layer giving in this hand, stopping in this hand, don't use it. That is the creamy layer. You are giving a sweet to be in this hand and stopping in this hand, don't eat. That is the creamy layer. Number 2, national commission for back weight classes. Government of India has to constitute national commission back weight classes to render justice to the back weight class people and total reservation including SC, ST, OBC should not cost 50%. Government of India 27% BC 22 and half SC, ST. So 49% only 15% SC 700% ST totally 49% as per the supreme court judgment in 9 judges bench in this Indira Sagani case. Creamy layer, what is the creamy layer? Last time when I met all the students through, I think I spoken on online or I received number of queries from the all brother and sisters about the creamy layer. Actually creamy layer means to identify the forwards among backwards.