 Good morning. First of all, thank you very much to the organizers for the invitation to this session. And in the following or the next few minutes, I would like to present you some results about our activities in southeastern Bulgaria. The ongoing study of the early use of resources by human communities in southeast Bulgaria as part of the Balkans is a joint project of the Bulgarian National Institute of Archaeology with Museum and the University of Tübingen. As a subproject of Tübingen University's collaborative research center SFB, it pursues the goal of examining the use of resources in this area for the late Neolithic to late Chalcolific. In the end of our research, we hope to draw conclusions about changes and the mechanism that caused them. For that purpose, the region in southeast Bulgaria could be the optimal location for these investigations in the eastern Balkan as it is equipped with very rich mineral and organic raw material resources. Numerous prehistoric Greek and Roman settlements and burial grounds are showing an importance of the surrounding area. We think it is possible to show that there was an exchange of goods over large distances. Presumably, there was a joint and coordinated transfer of technological, economic and cultural innovations which accompanied an increased use of raw materials. The results of Petr Leshtakov's excavation in the settlement of Akladi, Ceri as well as Bujaka are the most important basis for our work. By way of example, let me briefly talk about Akladi. In 2008, Petr Leshtakov could start an investigation of an unknown prehistoric site on the bank of the present-day Bulgarian Black Sea coast between the towns of Genomoritz and the north and Sosvopol and the south. There are three important stratigraphic layers, a late Neolithic layer which is comparable with the period of Carnaval III and IV, an early Calcolific layer, Carnaval V, and the late Calcolific layer. In addition to numerous other results for the project, it's very interesting to note that there were a lot of finds in all layers which refer to copper mining in the 5th millennia BC. In particular, these consist copper ore and artefacts, crucibles with rests of copper ore with balearite and pure copper, as well as select ceramic and the rest of the shape which could be part of a copper smelting glaze. That's the reason we suggested that maybe the raw material for copper production is to search in the surroundings of the settlements. One of the more basic goals of the Prospection carried out between the years 2013 and 2016 was the identification and examination of old mining relics in the center of the mountainous region of Midnery and the adjacent areas. In uniform distribution of deductive and inductive methods of operation should accompany the project. That is, alongside direct study of select excavation sites, systematic research of the surrounding micro and macro region with regard to natureally and anthropogenically altered landscapes has been essential. Many academic disciplines set the guidelines for data acquisition, much of which centers around classic fieldwork. Due to the dense vegetation of the terrain, we used the lighter technology to fly on and scan the terrain surface from the air to receive excellent results in a very, very difficult landscape. 80 localities overall were documented during the survey. The assessment of the relics touched up in the categories of all localities, that means mining trenches and orchids and so on, spots of metallurgical activity, water resting and smelting, locations of settlements and burials, as well as other physical abnormalities like aridance of old paths or artificial ditches. Old edits, horse frames and other mining structures from the 20th century in the entire area of Midnery are aridance of intensive underground digging even in the modern day due to the rich ore deposits. Local activities in the subsoil of the area indicate several round depressions, which should not be confused with orchids that appear similar. These are namely due to natural processes indirectly influenced by anthropogenic underground mining activity. The impressive depths and lengths of the mining trenches of Jenny Bra and Wadi Priyak, sorry for the pronunciation of the Bulgarian fine spots, are located northwest of our area of study, near to the city of Borgas. Both ore localities were structured as a chain of ore pits, which then interconnected to a mining trench. They are set up along the north and east to south-south west oreways due to the dominance of secondary copper minerals over relicked copper sulfides, which can be asserted microscopically. It appears that both are oxidic intermediate deposits, whose oxide zones extend to a depth of about 50 until 60 meters. The ore mineralization consists mainly of copper carbonates such as malarite and azarite and probably also of shell copperite and gold, but we are able to determine that the aim of ancient miners was just to win the copper ore from this deposit. However, the actual study area is located in the hilly landscape of Mednirid, east of Sosopor. As the name Mednirid or the translation already says, there are numerous copper deposits which were mined until the last century. Sadly, often this results that ancient and prehistoric mining is destroyed by modern mining that we have already seen. Some former geochemical investigation have already shown that some of the copper material from Varna and Durankulak could have originated from the Mednirid, but more on this later. The most principal of the finds, based on the lighter interpretation, are the anomalies found in the vicinity of the site of Propannala Voda. The region itself is actually located in the central part of Mednirid, about six kilometers west of Sosopor. This location conveys a general idea of the archaeological landscapes and presents itself as a joint complex, which possibly developed as a result of encountering the existing raw materials. The visited part of the deposit is identified by a 200 meter long, 25 meter wide mining trench, running west to east up in the mountain slope. The mineralization of the large ore mining is predominantly of Mednirid and Azoride, so copper carbonates, which could be found in a large number. This assumption is supported by numerous finds of copper slag and stone tools used for crushing ore, as well as large amounts of surface finds, among which are remains of ceramics from the late sixth and early fifth century BC, which indicate at least a pre-modern use of this area. Two round red soil discolorations documented to the right of the entrance to the wooded area, facing uphill stood out in particular, which could possibly be interpreted as the remains of a former smelting site or rust bed. When we have a look to the DTM, we are able to see that besides the mining trench and pits, there are many fervor structures, such as burial mounds and settlements. We located a fortified settlement called Giblaka, about 600 meters away from the above mentioned mining trench and from the modern street. The wall-like structures with a regular ground plane 80 to 80 meters is clearly visible in the elevation model. Inside of the complex are located more rectangular stone-lined groundlands, which could be presented as house structures. The sparse pottery finds indicate an occupation in early to late antiquity. This chronological placement also could allow for the discovery of some burial mounds located southeast of the complex. About 300 meters away from the fortification, a number of burial mounds with similar measurements were documented within a 1.5-hectare area. After that short outline of some mining relics and structures, let's give also a brief review about the copper ore and their importance. The secondary copper material in the region under study allows for relatively simple sampling and scientific analysis, which in turn enables us to conduct a specific geochemical characterization of the copper ore, as well as of the geological formations of Mithny Ried. When information from these sites is combined with that from nearby and already extensively documented charcoalitic settlements on the banks of the present-day Brigham-Plexi coast, so it means the settlement of Bojacka of Akladi and others, we begin to see first clear indications for a connection between settlements and nearby raw materials, especially in previous archeometallurgical investigations of the used copper ore and related to the results of the settlement excavations. The lead isotope analysis of the sampled oxide copper ores revealed a very homogeneous isotopic ratio for the deposits of Wali Priak and Siddharovo, as well as Aibuna. The results of the investigation of copper ore from the settlement of Akladi and Seri could not be seen in relation to these sources. However, it appeared that the ore from some deposits from Mithny Ried area, for example from Pobatnala Voda, have a comparable lead isotope ratio to these artifacts. The oxide copper ore of Pobatnala Voda and other places in Mithny Ried have a relatively high uranium content and shows consequently increased radioactivity. Hence, on the one hand, it seems likely that the places could have been one or the ore deposit exploited by nearby calcolatic settlements on the banks of the present-day Brigham-Plexi coast. On the other hand, there is also another interesting note. In the wider context of the late calcolatic copper production in southeastern Europe, it was already suggested that besides Rodna Klara and Aibuna, Mithny Ried could be identified as a third major source of copper, because altogether 41 late neolithic and calcolatic copper objects from various sites in Bulgaria and Serbia were found to contain radiogenic lead. As a preliminary result, we can show that the artifacts plots exactly along the trend line of the ores from Mithny Ried, while the ores from Rodna Klara show more scatter along the same trend line. The trace element pattern confirms the results of lead isotopes. We can distinguish between the two calcolatic copper sources by systematically lower concentrations gold, silver, nickel, and selenium in ores from Rodna Klara. It shows that the trace element patterns of most copper objects with highly radiogenic lead are consistent with Mithny Ried, but not with Rodna Klara. So in summary, in the calcolific of southeast Bulgaria, the raw material sources in the mountainous region of Mithny Ried were exploited for small-scale local copper production. This region, with its secondary copper ore, served not as a center for raw material and metallurgy for the rich sites of northwest Bulgaria as previously thought, but it provided at least one metal variety for the Doran-Kulak region, but not for the late calcolific symmetry of Varna 1. It seems that the raw materials that proceeds Mithny Ried are the first that were exploited for green minerals and even for copper production from the transition from the 6th to 5th millennium BC. Neighboring settlements used easily accessible copper ores which must have been exposed to the surface. Due to the rather low copper contents and most pieces of ore, only a small amount of metallic copper could be smelted. Nevertheless, it must have been more than for domestic use because this copper, with a characteristic geochemical fingerprint, reached Doran-Kulak in northeast Bulgaria and maybe also Dazanica near the iron gates of Dedenu. Maybe also copper minerals were exported for other applications as indicated by pre-fines from Zelenvac in eastern Serbia. As the demand for copper increased with time, other deposits were exploited with much higher yields. For example, in Meitanbeck and Ibonar but probably also Addis. And thank you for your attention with a few to some problems during all the survey.