 Good afternoon. Welcome. My name is Patrick Callas. I work in the FAO Office of Climate Biodiversity and Environment. I'm a technical officer and I'm also task force member of the UN Decade for Ecosystem Restoration. And I'm very pleased and honored to shepherd us through this afternoon where we have two key objectives. One is about learning and exploring. We will learn about what the globally important agricultural heritage systems are, what their potential is, and we will explore synergies. Synergies with the UN Decade for Ecosystem Restoration, which has been recently launched and will go on until 2030. So with these two larger objectives we are in a virtual space and we will do our level best to make this as smooth as possible. But I will ask you for your patience in case there are any technical difficulties because we are truly having a global conversation today with colleagues joining from different time zones and different continents. So before we start, a few technical considerations please, if I may. Number one, the seminar or the webinar will be conducted entirely in English with French and Spanish interpretation possibilities. To switch into your preferred language, you can click on the little globe that says interpretation at the bottom of your screen to select your preferred language. Number two, we will ask you to kindly mute your microphones. This will increase the transition speed and smoothness. Thirdly, this is designed to be an interactive conversation. However, it needs to be structured because we have over 400 participants that have expressed interest and currently we already have over 200 people joining. So please, if you have a question or a comment, put that into the Q&A part that is at the bottom of the screen. Do not use the chat function, which we are using for internal communication purposes. So please use the Q&A at the bottom to make your points or have any questions on what you hear. Lastly, all presentations will be uploaded to the GS website and the report will be written as a result of today's conversation. So even if we don't get to cover all of it, including answering all of your questions, we will make every effort to come back to you with clarifications in the follow up to this event. So with that, we welcome you again to this conversation and now it is my great pleasure to introduce the Deputy Director of the Office of Climate Biodiversity and Environment, Mr. Zituni Udada to give us his opening remarks on behalf of FAO. Mr. Zituni, if I may give you the floor, over to you please. Thank you. But thank you Patrick and welcome everyone to this webinar. From wherever you're joining, we very much appreciate the time you've taken to join us for this webinar and it's great pleasure for me to give this introduction, to set the scene, to welcome everyone and to highlight the importance of the theme that we're addressing today. I understand this is the first webinar that we're organizing within, you know, the overall framework of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, which is starting this year. And this is really an opportunity for us to explore how the GIS program and its relevance to this UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. And we will be hearing directly from colleagues who have experiences on the ground and who are representative of these GIS sites from around the world. So as you said Patrick, this is really learning experience, we're learning exploring. And it's important that you highlighted the synergies in what we're trying to do as well. There's so many actions that obviously we need to take around climate change, around biodiversity, around protecting nature and restoring ecosystems. But these have to be obviously done in a synergistic way so they can deliver benefits to people and the planet and be more effective and more coordinated. So I would like to welcome all the participants as well and thank you for joining us and sharing your experiences with us. You all know that the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration started this year until 2030. And it is widely recognized that the objectives, particularly within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development that include objectives and the poverty and protect biodiversity, combat climate change, improve livelihood for everyone, etc. These obviously depend on how much we care about ecosystems and nature. So unless we really deal with the ecosystem degradation that is ongoing and restore ecosystems at a really global and large scale, then we are not going to be able to meet these very critical objectives about hunger, poverty and combating climate change and biodiversity. So this is why in this context I'm very pleased to say that FAO has taken advantage of this opportunity of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration to look at the the transformation of food systems that we need to address food, fiber and feed production systems in general particularly for this century because they are absolutely critical in the objectives I highlighted earlier to eradicate poverty, hunger and malnutrition. And this is through the effective and innovative landscapes and seascape management that we need to make sure we address because that's where we obtain our food from. And the GIS are absolutely critical in this endeavor because they are formed as a result of what farmers do in terms of their interventions on the field to protect nature and ecosystem. Then this is done from generation to generation and it is done to overcome so many difficulties that the farmers face in the field in everyday life to increase the yield, improve the resource, use efficiency and also to use really the wisdom and traditional knowledge. And these are all critical into maintaining these GIS sites and restoring the ecosystems that they depend on. And and there is really such a wide variety of these GIS sites and their own ecosystems in the world and we know that there are for example rice terraces in Asia, oasis, agriculture in North Africa, the agroforestry and pastoralism in Africa as well. There are Andean agriculture in South America and also the Mediterranean agriculture in Europe, etc. And all these sites, they demonstrate really how we are managing them and developing them to conserve through human activities all through the times. And this can help us of course learn from each other about how this ecosystem restoration is done through the analysis of these ecosystems, the observations and also their conservation and the restoration practices that are applied in these different parts of the world that I mentioned. And I really hope that at this webinar today we'll be learning from these experiences from around the world and we'll be learning from each other about these practices and how they apply in various contexts and what do they require actually to restore and prevent the degradation of ecosystem. As I said earlier, really what we want is to have this done at scale given the challenges that we are facing. So this is why we're having this webinar today and we invited experts from six GIS sites from, I understand from Japan, from China, Tanzania, Spain and Morocco and Peru who will share with us their experiences and present their specific experiences and specific practices that they are having for the restoration of these ecosystems. So I really hope that this webinar will provide everyone who's joining us today with with the learning experiences. I hope at the end of this webinar you will go with something that you've learned about the importance of this site for ecosystem restoration and for the decade that is starting this year and by learning about some some new practices that hopefully you can apply in your own context and your own country as well. So I hope this is an introduction that sets the scene. Again welcome everyone and thank you for taking the time to join us and I wish you all a very fruitful webinar. Back to you Patrick. Thank you very much Ms. Udada for these grounding words to reminding us of the sense of urgency about harmony between people and planet. Reminding us of the ambition and the scale that is needed to bring about a transformation, putting food systems at the center of the debate, among many more thoughts and thank you very much for this and our next opening speaker, I want to check whether Mr. Tim Christofferson is online. We will we will check. Yes he is online wonderful. The UN Decade is a larger partnership within the United Nations and one of the key driving forces is our sister agency the United Nations Environmental Program and it's my pleasure to give the floor now to Mr. Tim Christofferson. He's the head of the nature climate branch ecosystem division at UNEP and he would enlighten us a bit more about what the decade of ecosystem restoration is all about, what the background is, the objectives and perhaps most importantly what are some of the actions and expected outcomes. So with that Mr. Christofferson the floor is yours you're most welcome. Thank you very much Patrick and also to Yoshihide and Zituni and all the FAO colleagues and others on this webinar. I would like to give a brief intro to the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and then look forward to having most of the time hopefully for discussions with all the practitioners and partners out there. I will also share of course the presentation with you and hope that you can share with everybody on this webinar as well as what we call the steps to launch document for the UN Decade and it is as Patrick said really a global, it's a collaborative effort not only of the entire UN system led by FAO and UNE but of everybody who we want to have on board. It's based on a unanimous UN General Assembly resolution from 2019 and the focus is on all ecosystems so whether they be production agriculture, fisheries, forestry, both terrestrial and marine. We have five task forces of which two are already operational Patrick you mentioned one on as practices on monitoring we will have one on finance, science and youth. The main approach of the decade though is to involve everybody and their work in what we call generation restoration and I will come to that in one minute. So the objectives of the decade are based on the problem that without restoring ecosystems at a large scale we cannot achieve the sustainable development goals. This goes for SDG 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 it's actually pretty much across all the SDGs without a function in an intact biosphere we will not be able to achieve the future we want. The vision of the decade is a world where the relationship between humans and nature has been restored so this is very important it's not only about the numbers of hectares restored it's about our relation as humans our role in and with nature. The Secretary General called making peace with nature the defining task of the 21st century it has to be the top top priority for everybody everywhere those are not my words that's what Antonio Guterres said on the 2nd of December so this decade is about making peace with nature. It has three basic goals in our strategy enhancing the existing global regional national local commitments to prevent halt and reverse the degradation of ecosystems increase our understanding of the multiple benefits of successful restoration and apply this knowledge in relevant decision making. To do that I will skip over the barriers I'm sure everybody on this call is well versed with the barriers to the kind of work that you do but to do that there are three pathways to reach it first of all we need a global movement that will shift the needle on political decisions decisions of ministers of finance of heads of states at the level and urgency that we see now for covid of course also linked them to the economic recovery so we need a global movement to build the the political will and then we need to be ready and here is where you come in not only FAO but everybody on this call with the technical capacity how to do this and where this is a 10 point summary of the strategy which is a 40 page document so I encourage all of you to read that but if you don't have the time here's 10 points so we want to empower global movement finance restoration on the ground set the right incentives celebrate leadership shift behaviors including on diets invest in research build up capacity celebrate a culture of restoration build up the next generation and listen and learn the most important word and what I just said is we so what does we mean we doesn't mean Zituni and Patrick and myself as the FAO and UNEP team we means all of us all of you on this call all of your organizations all of your families all of your communities all of the cities where you live that's we so of course we don't do this in a vacuum a lot has been done what we can hopefully think about on this webinar and I'm coming to the end now is what is the role of your network and the sites that you have in inspiring more restoration and more regenerative agriculture in particular in this context because the role of agriculture and food systems is of course central to what we discussed this is not only about more protected areas not only about restoring non-productive lands it's about productive ecosystems and how to make them more ecologically socially and economically viable again I will skip this there's the task force on good practice the monitoring task force both led by FAO but you can see this in the slides when they are shared what I would like to spend my last a few seconds on until my time is up is the visual identity of the decade which you can download and use and even adapt to your own organizations visual identity and you're already free to use this this is available on the decade website in the six UN languages and soon in more languages so you're already encouraged to use these social media assets they're all online you're already encouraged to become part of the generation restoration this steps to launch document is also something that I hope you can share after this call if you have any questions here are our two email addresses in the FAO and uh unit teams um so please do let us know uh and join generation restoration thank you Tim brilliant thank you so very much uh for your uh spot on an inspiring call for joint action yes it's about the we it's not a UN effort making peace with nature absolutely uh a global movement in which all of us are part no matter what role we can play and uh really making the link already to to Gia's in a way of trying to inspire restoration and the keyword being a regenerative agriculture that conserves but also sustainably uses biodiversity in ways that can further the the sustainable development goals so thank you very much for that uh generation restoration the presentation will be shared with everybody and without further ado let's look at the other side of the coin of today's discussion which is Gia's itself and to enlighten us and open up the Gia's box so to speak I'm very pleased to invite uh the the coordinator the Gia's coordinator uh at FAO to give us an overview Mr Yoshida Endo who will also try to explore the relevance to the ecosystem restoration so Mr Endo uh the floor is yours for your presentation you're most welcome thank you very much Mr Kalas thank you very much for all the participants and all the people who are involved in the preparation of this webinar my name is Yoshida Endo I'm a jazz coordinator in FAO and today I'm going to make a presentation on the jazz program very briefly I have just five minutes and the relevance of jazz program jazz activity to the ecosystem restorations okay let me have some minutes to make a connection with my PowerPoint I hope it is well connected now yes then let me start we can see we can see it let me start okay and I must be from explaining the Gia's abbreviation jazz is abbreviation of the globally important agriculture heritage systems now the definition of the jazz is a bit complicated as you can see in the screen but it can be expressed briefly in such a way that the jazz is a remarkable land use systems and landscapes with valuable biodiversity and harmonization between environment and development as you can see in the underlying parts of the definition now let me explain about the jazz operational framework here the designation process starts from proposal making by member countries then the proposal document is finally evaluated by the expert group called scientific advisor group SAG after the designation the responsibility of management of jazz site return to the jazz sites and their stakeholders jazz sites are recommended to implement action plan for dynamic conservation it can be easily deduced that the jazz sites have been created as a result of farmers efforts for many years to overcome difficulties they face and to improve their production now let me explain jazz and ecosystem relation from this consideration we can observe that farmers in jazz site have established the agriculture system which use ecosystem service effectively jazz site itself can be recognized as agriculture ecosystems developed by human interaction with the nature farmers in jazz site have been carrying out good agriculture practices to avoid severe degradation of the environment and promote agro biodiversity then let me introduce several examples of jazz sites in the world very quickly now we have 62 jazz sites in 22 countries in the world this is agro forestry system in the month Kilimanjaro in Tanzania this is a human made agro forestry system where several types of trees and shrubs are ecologically supporting each other the maintenance of this system is influenced by social and economic conditions of local farmers this is a massage password system in Tanzania and Kenya ecological functions of less land play critical important roles for the lives of the massage people this is how you rise terrace in China whose features are not only magnificent magnificent landscape but also many local rice varieties and excellent irrigation system using ecological function of the natural forest this is China by Mexico this is an artistry formed farmland which gets back to us take a time and farmers are still using surrounding ecological services this is Japanese jazz site in sub-island where farmers restored all the practices to enable rice production to coexist with the lives of the natural bird this is an agriculture in Peru where local species crops and animals are grown with terraces and unique water management constructs now after all this consideration i can introduce the following provisional observations number one farmers in jazz site have developed unique agriculture systems which provide specific ex-services as farmers have designed number two farmers have good agriculture practices to avoid degradation of soils and water to maintain biodiversity and to achieve harmonization with the environment number three given that farmers are custodians of agriculture resources and resource management ecosystem restoration in jazz site has close linkage with economic conditions cultural identity local organizations and traditional knowledge of the farmers and number four more information more analysis in terms in the perspective of scientific social and economic perspectives are necessary for the future consideration of jazz and ecosystem restoration thank you very much thank you so very much mr. endo for the timely presentation and really illustrating to us not only of the potential of jazz but the beauty with some of the striking images that we that we've seen it's dynamic conservation i've picked up which is really the nexus between the environment and sustainable development but also putting the farmer and producers at the center as custodians and this should frame our our understanding as well who actually should be enabled and empowered most to achieve some of the un decades objectives and i'm sure we'll speak about this a bit more in the final session so we will now embrace ourselves on a journey across the world of six countries because for time reasons mr. endo was only able to scratch the surface of what gsa is and so will our next six participants and this is for time reasons but as i said much more deeper information will be available following the webinar and also in the report but it's my pleasure now to introduce our next speaker and we're traveling to japan meanwhile one point of order thank you for those who have already put in questions and observations into the q&a chat box please continue doing that because we will hear now six presentations each seven minutes of length and we will have a discussion at the end but as you're thinking and as you're listening to the presentations please share with us your thoughts questions and observations and we will we will collectively look at those throughout all right without further ado it's my pleasure now to give the floor to dr. naidu who is associate professor of the graduate school of technology industrial and social sciences at toku shima university he's also a member of several japanese academic societies and he will focus his presentation on the ecological functions associated with the use of semi-natural grasslands illustrating this with two japanese geocides dr. naidu it's a great pleasure to welcome you you have seven minutes sir the floor is yours thank you thank you very much let me share my power point first okay i think it's functioning properly thank you very much today i'm not going to talk about this mount fuji but talk about the importance of semi-natural grasslands just an ordinary nothing special kind of landscape in japan the title of my presentation is restoration of semi-natural grassland in japan from the case of shizuka and toku shima just site semi-natural grasslands are kind of second nature they are not intensely cultivated or fertilized and mainly with spontaneously established flora they are human nature hybrid environment not pure nature however semi-natural grasslands are one of the most species rich ecosystem in the world today i'm going to introduce two semi-natural grasslands in related with just sites of japan those grasslands are dominated by miscaras sinensis this species one one is chak sabat shizuka tea site the other is kayaba at toku shima mountain site in 1880s 80 percent of our land was grassland but decreased up to one percent only now this brings severe biocultural diversity crisis harvested grasses are dried cut and spread on the furrows of tea field in shizuka traditional tea grass integrate system for example this improves soil environment and tea quality this kind of semi-natural grasses have important role in another just sites that is toku shima nishiyawa steep slope land agriculture system this one the process of chak sabat or kayaba farming method farmers traditionally maintain semi-natural grassland harvest them in autumn and dry grasses in winter cut and spread in crop field finally this farming method brings a lot of good effect improvement of soil physical condition and weed control prevention of soil erosion improve improvement of taste of tea also from here i would like to compare the variety of vegetation at chak sabat kayaba grassland in kake gawa shizuka tea site the area of tea field is 182.4 hectare at the same time the area of grassland is 129.6 hectare there is some variety of grassland like those photos i would like to classify vegetation types of 50 chak sabat grassland using twin span group one and two are semi-natural grassland others are natural grassland group one and two which is semi-natural grassland show a greater number of plant species and higher shannon diversity index than any other vegetation type on the other hand in toku shima mountain site because of the population farmlands are abundance however people start to reuse abundant farmland as kayaba grassland again this is a result of vegetation classification of 190 kayaba grassland group one and two show a greater number of plant species and higher shannon diversity index why groups one and two are rich in plant species according to cca analysis the high biodiversity kayaba grasslands are not affected by deer feeding and damage a deer feeding damage and fertilizers finally i would like to introduce some effort to maintain and restore semi-natural grassland in shizuka promotion of biodiversity related production makes sense especially authentication of chak sabat farming product seems to work as an incentive to maintain and restore chak sabat semi-natural grassland to maintain and restore semi-natural grassland grass roots level voluntary association is also important in toku shima mountain site higashi year millet production cooperative was organized in 2016 by local citizens they reclaimed abandoned farmland as kayaba semi-natural grassland again and studied small-scale but commercial millet production i would like to summarize my presentation semi-natural grasslands are one of the most species rich ecosystems in the world it is also important to restore this kind of human nature hybrid environment in shizuka and toku shima just site utilizing semi-natural grassland is the key to conserve biodiversity chak sabat or kayaba semi-natural grassland are good example of biodiversity conservation by traditional resource use biodiversity of well-managed semi-natural grassland is higher than natural grassland the using abandoned farmland as semi-natural grassland is also effective to maintain biodiversity to restore semi-natural grassland in japan agricultural promotion policy by using gs was effective to encourage farmers utilizing semi-natural grasslands at the same time grass roots level voluntary association is also key to restore semi-natural grasslands thank you very much doctor night go night off thank you so very much for your timely very timely presentation i know it is a challenge um you've enlightened us and given us data and scientific rigor this is very impressive and needed as we understand better what the potentials of some of these geosites are but also as an ecological anthropologist you've highlighted the importance of people and collective action and the cooperatives and how it is organized among others and also the potential of regenerative agriculture among other things so we will let it stand here and we will travel now to china and it's my pleasure to invite dr mushen to enlighten us about the gs side gs and neosites and activities in china and i should say that he is a doctor doctor muying is a agriculture professor and he's he's working at the chinese academy of sciences he's an associated professor at the institute of geographic sciences and the floor is yours to help us understand the potentials in china over to you professor okay thank you thank you for your introduction and a good evening ladies and gentlemen it's a pleasure to meet you and communicate with you through the internet and i will share our research on china's gs ecosystem services in june 2005 the tinkian right-face culture system in china was designated as one of the first five gs pilot sites in the world and in 2012 china years the national important agricultural heritage system was launched by the ministry of agriculture and the usual affairs up to now 118 china neosites were designated by maro and 15 gs sites were designated by f.a.o in china the tinkian rice fish culture system is the first gs in china and as a left picture shows us this system can reduce some environmental pollution because of the material cycle between rice and fish for example rice plants can use a nitrogen in fish feed that is not directly used by fish and therefore the nitrogen fertilization can be reduced and as shown in the table one the density of weeds in rice fish system is lower than hybrid rice monoculture and reduce the chemical herbicide usage and besides the feature two shows us rice fish has a significant decrease in the density of rice pests we evaluated and compared the eco services between rice fish system and hybrid rice monocloping we calculated the values of oxygen production and the carbon dioxide optic nutrients conservation water regulation pest control and tourism and the values of traditional system are higher than rice monocloping and also there are some negative effect should be cut off like methane emission water pollution and food safety threat so the left value of eco services were gotten the traditional system is about five times than the rice monocloping and Chongjiang Dong's rice fish stock system is located in the mountains of southwest China compared with rice fish system the land here is relatively barren so in order to maintain soil fertility farmers have introduced the facts to the rice fish system uh this is a traditional rice glutinous rice and this is a hybrid rice it can be seen from these four pictures that the rice fish stock the rice fish stock system have better soil fortnight fortinity maintenance function including the organic matter total lecturing total for also for us and and also the rice fish stock system can also effectively control these in the rice fields as well as the pests and the pests and the disease honey rice terraces system is both jazz and the world heritage this system lasted for more than 1,300 years in the mountainous area and in this system there are low reservoirs but the water supply is abundant the reason is the forests on the top of the mountains are helpful in water conservation through interception stream flow and soil storage in a field experiment a small part was dug on the ground under trees and after 14 minutes and we can see that after two hours the puddle was full of water which successfully proved its high water retention and the scientific data also proves that in this area the soil moisture content of forest land is higher than that of land forest land beside a paper published in nature shows that crop diversity is a possible solution to the disease control the traditional glutinous and hybrid mixture cultivation could increase yield by 89 percent and reduce rice blast a kind of pest by 94 percent and as the last case is the traditional chinese date gardens this system is located on north plateau and the soil exhaustion is very serious from the on the yellow river turns yellow due to the increase of sediment jujube trees have a strong ability to extend roots in all directions thus it can prevent the soil erosion it is a forest forest land the swap land grassland and jujube garden in jaxian county picture a is amount of soil loss and the picture b is converted to soil conservation conservation capacity which proves that the jujube has a more obvious effect on soil conservation in the north plateau and this table shows the economical value of the jujube forest ecosystem services in jaxian county including five-wing functions and for the north plateau functions such as by diversity protection soil and water conservation wind break and the sand fixture issue are particularly important that all thank you for your attention thank you very much dr. mosheng for this illustration symbiotic relationships between humans and nature is one of the words i've picked up also the impressive numbers in terms of soil fertility and disease control but also the economic viability of these systems it's a dimension we should not underestimate and something we need to dive into certainly a bit further so now traveling from china we will shift continents and we will travel to africa virtually to tap into the wisdom of mr firma bunzi from tanzania mr bunzi is now retired he was a principal agriculture officer in the land use planning division of the ministry of agriculture in tanzania and he will illustrate the case for jagga home gardens of agroforestry systems and other considerations and mr bunzi may i invite you to take the floor please sir over good morning everybody good afternoon sorry good afternoon we can hear you loud and clearly over to you okay okay now let me load my presentation let us see mr bunzi not yet seeing the presentation not yet see not yet we don't see the presentation yet unfortunately uh okay let's see if you if you hit your share the screen button perhaps that will help would you like to try that this one share share your screen yes let's see uh okay here otherwise as an alternative if i may suggest uh for the sake of time um could somebody perhaps mr endo share his screen with your presentation and you could kindly indicate uh to move the slides would that be agreeable okay i try yes just a moment okay very good thank you mr endo and thank you everybody for the patience okay let's see if it wouldn't work um you would just have to tell us a beautiful story uh mr bunzi and we would have to close our eyes and we would have to be trans transformed into your here we go here we go mr endo is sharing this i open the screen right now so mr bunzi please okay yes over to you wonderful thank you yes as you say they are my retired officer from the minister of agriculture and during my service i coordinated with the uh chaga home garden project yes project okay let's go next yes my presentation will have the uh yeah the following back please yeah i'll present you something on the chaga home garden yes it ecosystems in the chaga home gardens cultural uh aspects uh conservation and restoration activities challenges and conclusions next please yes the agroforest system is located on the foot of montecini manjaro and it's practiced mainly by the chaga ethnic tribe and the the system covers about one uh 120 000 hectares and the the altitude range between 1500 to 1900 and the climate here consists of the montane uh forest with rain for ranging from 1200 to 200 next please uh this is the map of the location it's north in tanzania and the around the foot of montecini manjaro you will see more details on the the the the text next please uh in the the ecosystem the chaga home gardens there are about five uh ecosystem that make it our contribute to resilience we have the agroforest land use agro biodiversity traditional irrigation organic farming and carbon sink next uh for the agroforest land use the system is a is an agroforest composed of three main components the tree the crops and livestock which benefits from each other and the unique future for the agroforest landscape with the multi-layered vegetation structure there are about four vegetation layers the upper most is the trees then next is the banana and it is a coffee and below coffee they are vegetables uh livestock consists mainly uh dairy, cattle, sheep, goats and some pigs and some livestock all of them are just kept indoors and they are fed in the cattle grasses and fed yeah this is the how the system looks from a little distance you have the trees the banana but if we go across and see coffee and vegetables underneath next the other ecosystems agro biodiversity uh from the baseline survey we have noted that for the site for the site itself about 18 domesticated animals types about 80 clover trees and the shrubs varieties so it has a lot of diversity and the farmers maintain these species some of them are quite nature of a long time because of their use value let's say for medicine or treating some diseases and even in plastic control in the field and the various crop switches have been also kept throughout selection with time so the system has a very uh is very rich in a genie bank which can also be used for for research next uh the ecosystem three is the traditional irrigation system for for these uh home gardens they are they are supplementary irrigated by farrows with waters tapped from the canals up the forest they are has been designed traditionally and even in the plots or the home gardens they are also uh collected with farrows and the small dams called the uh divas which store water especially during the dry season during the night and they they they open up and irrigate the fields during the day next the other ecosystem is organic farming uh for this year what I can say that from the system when it started it was uh basically organic it there was no use of pesticide or whatever but in the 18th century when the coffee was brought then it was also brought with some use of pesticides and some fertilizer now that with time became uh more costly for the farmers especially with some uh uh drop in the coffee price during the early 2000s and farmers some of the farmers decided to abandon the home gardens or change the for other uh crops but if the uh the if the projects uh uh care is set with the the community and they agreed to go back to organic farming they were introduced to some experts and now they produce the coffee organic coffee and they were also linked with the the uh organic coffee institutions next uh the other ecosystem we can say the carbon sink uh studies which have been done on a above-ground organic carbon and soil organic carbon it has shown that both above-ground carbon and soil organic carbon were higher in the Chirga home gardens compared to the lowlands which are mainly uh under annual crop so the study also cited that high biomass and the indigenous uh management as a possible uh reason that uh contribute to high organic carbon yes and vegetation we know that is one of uh uh many factors yeah okay crazy the the cultural yes let's go next the cultural aspects relevant to the ecosystem and this is the system uh the Chirga are known to hold on some of these cultural norms values and ceremonies for so long time and even up to now they still hold them like the the land the the home garden is allocated to or passed to children's and the the children's are also taught to do some cores related to the home gardens as long as as as soon as they start working and those cores continues with their age so the Chirga they they in that way they pass the knowledge and the experience the practices from one generation to another and even today still the traditional step of food still are maintained banana maze and the other menus related to the system are still maintained so they have a very strong cultural uh uh uh uh system next next next next are conservation and restoration activities of the ecosystems these are both in terms of crop management soil conservation and the nutrient cycling for the crop management they are it is related to the way the crops are arranged in the the field as well as the practices like uh pruning and even opening the canopy at a an appropriate time to allow for for other like coffee flowering soil management there are much cropping practices with the maximum soil cover and merging like that and even also adding some a manoeuvering from their livestock in terms of nutrient cycling you see they use the crop residues and fed it to livestock and from the livestock they use the manure and put back to the home garden in that way they maintain a nutrient uh cycling next next challenges uh there are several challenges but maybe some of them were related to the market of the organic coffee still unstable also there's a need for more the discussion of the cultural production like introducing the production of let's say fish farming in the ponds uh there are also need for increased the stakeholder participation in the the coffee valve chain like processing industries to make the uh the market for coffee stable and also a need for cultural tourism this has been easy it's been practiced at a very low scale but it needs further development next so in conclusion we check the chaga home garden stands out as the most intact example for a plant agroforest system in Tanzania it is over 500 years old this system is supported by this ecosystem as i mentioned and therefore the system continues to demonstrate how it can cycle social environmental and the balance in this fragile environment so yes that's the end of my presentation thank you thank you thank you very much mr bandy uh mr bandy to to having brought us to Tanzania two points i picked up among many others the relevance of culture and the generational element of it not to be underestimated because culture is is about people and and this is something we may wish to tap into and the link to climate change and looking also below the ground with its potential for soil the carbon capture etc a tremendous potential there uh as scientists tell us to address the challenge of climate change so with that thank you very much and we are moving swiftly to marocco now and we don't mean to rush we are a little bit behind uh but we want to get through these presentations um uh now so to marocco it's a pleasure to give the floor to professor mohammed bachry um he's a director of strategic partnership at the national agency for the development of oasis and argon tree areas and he will enlighten us about some of the maroccan geosites professor bachry over to you you have seven minutes sir you're most welcome thank you very much thank you for inviting us to this very important webinar i also thank you for the effort and the secretary in charge of the cipa i have the great pleasure to introduce you to the cipa marocca and the restoration of the ecosystem so my exhibition is about three two two points plutôt que avec une conclusion premier point je vais essayer d'approcher un peu le rôle des cipams dans les services écosystémiques et deuxième point concern les activités de ces cipams qui assure la conservation et la restauration des écosystèmes et enfin j'essaierai de répandre un petit peu à la fin de sur le rôle des cipams dans l'approche globale des développements et restauration des écosystèmes au maroc que nous avons jusqu'à maintenant deux cipams qui sont été désignés en 2011 et en 2018 nous avons un troisième qui dans le dossier est déjà au cours d'examen par le comité scientifique c'est le celui de figgy et nous avons deux autres potentiel qui ont un fort potentiel qui pourrait être qui pourrait faire l'objet d'une proposition très prochainement deux remarques c'est que ces écosystés cipams sont situés dans une la zone ici au centre du maroc qui est reconnue par sa fragilité et c'est la zone d'action de notre agence c'est une agence unique qui s'occupe de ces écosystèmes fragilisés aussi bien par les effets tropiques que par les effets des changements climatiques ces deux écosystèmes c'est cette zone est constitué également par deux réserves de biosphère à savoir la réserve des biosphères des oisices du sur du maroc et la réserve de biosphère de l'arganvêle donc comme premier point concernant les services écosystémiques c'est le rôle qu'à les cipams dans l'approvisionnement ces cipams ces périmètres assure la sécurité alimentaire avec une agriculture diversifiée et qui occupe la plus grande partie de la population dans ces zones là à plus de 65% et assure une production végétale avec 45 espèces cultivées sur 125 malinités il assure une production animale il assure une certaine disponibilité des ressources hydriques et également il assure beaucoup de de plantes médicinales qui assure le médical la médication locale également ces cipams ils permettent de faire des habitations avec le bois et également assurer le chauffage avec du bois dans ces zones c'est notre service assuré par la cipam c'est le service de régulation par la pollinisation la production fruitier l'ossement des parcours la régulation également de l'eau surtout dans ces zones là qui connaissent beaucoup de problèmes d'extrême soit en excès soit en rarité de l'eau et bien sûr il assure une certaine protection dans ces zones là de ces excès les cipams comme il a été soulevé par les prédécesseurs il assure également un certain héritage culturel très important matériel et matériel un héritage d'architecture de culinaire de chant et de danse et de poésie qui permet un un sentiment d'appartenance de la population dans ces zones là et donne une matrice de vie de communautaire dans les zones c'est également une richesse en matière de paysage qui permet un écotiorisme et la création de ses cuites holistiques de ces dans ses zones c'est le deuxième point que je vais aborder concernant les activités de préservation des écosystèmes concerne tout d'abord la conservation des sols à travers des certaines membres d'action en premier lieu les constructions de terrasse donc vous voyez un peu les images ici sans entrer un petit peu dans les détails qui assurent la pratique de la culture qui assure la conservation des sols et la récupération des eaux mais aussi ils ont un rôle environnemental pour ralentir la vitesse de l'eau et éviter les problèmes d'érosion toujours dans le la technologie liée à la préservation des sols et les sols ils sont bien préservés avec des rotations culturelles qui ont été adaptées et appropriées par les utilisateurs ce sont des rotations bien rodées en utilisant des céréales les lugumineuses déjà cher et donc ce sont des techniques qui se sont bien incorporés avec le temps et qui sont très bénéfiques dans le maintien du sol nous avons aussi l'association des cultures différents espèces marécheurs et céréaliens et parfois plusieurs étages du premier deuxième et troisième degré donc ça veut dire des plantes herbacées décidées buissons et puis des grands sages et au niveau de ces ondes là pratiquement la la porte des chimies de la chimie est absente et donc il y a de la fumée organique toujours dans la pratique qu'est-ce qui ça veut dire la restauration des sols donc il y a des ouvrages très importants qui sont soit faites par les les agriculteurs et les bénéficiaires eux-mêmes soit fait par des maintenant des ingénieurs et qui sont développés avec le temps construction d'un certain nombre d'ouvrages contre les les les os plantations autour des berges d'un certain nombre d'art construction des murs en gamins au contre les crues et construction des ouvrages dont vous voyez les photos sur place donc il y a aussi tout ce qui a été développé autour du facteur de l'eau qui est très important donc il y a des pratiques séculaires de la gestion de l'eau et qui sont liés à la gestion au même temps de l'excès et à la gestion de la rarité il y a la gestion de la rarité par des ouvrages très après très très efficaces de surface à savoir les mathféias il y a des techniques très très développées au matière de mobilisation de ressources souterraines qui sont les retaras et je peux pas dans ces petits peu de temps détailler l'ingéniosité qui est développé à travers le temps dans ces temps là et bien sûr il y a toute une technique de partage de l'eau entre les bénéficiaires qui sont très développés par les mesures de débit donc pour tout pour faire tout ceci il y a un système organisationnel qui s'est mis en place pour la gestion de l'eau déligation et pour la même chose la gestion des parcours il faut juste signaler que ces pratiques sont des pratiques ancestrales mais malheureusement ils commencent à disparaître et qu'il faudrait récupérer et mettre dans des réglementations moderne donc les plans qui ont été mis en place pour la sauvegarde et le développement de il approprient les actions qui sont déjà je dirais courante et faite et mais il ajoute d'autres constructions d'autres ouvrages qui résout des problèmes liés à la modernisation et la modernité. Il y a les constructions des barrages collinéales, la restauration des parcours, il y a l'entretien des terrasses qui se faisaient auparavant mais il y a aussi construction de nouvelles voiries pour affaciler l'enclavement pour des enclaves et ce sont de là. Il y a aussi l'intégration de la préservation de la biodiversité, il y a également la traitement des déchets dans certaines zones qui commencent à apparaître mais également aussi le développement de l'eucotolisme comme moyen pour soulager la pression sur les ressources naturelles. Pour conclure et pour ne pas retenir longtemps nous considérons que l'approche SIPAM se trouve au coeur d'un développement durable et je dirais de l'écosystème. Donc à un niveau élémentaire je dirais les périmètres SIPAM sont développés d'une manière poncée, je veux dire poncée d'une manière à l'échelle de l'écosystème mais des actions plus concrètes au niveau des zones conscrites dans ce qui sont les périmètres. Ces actions s'intégrent avec l'objectif des stratégies territoriales, savoir par exemple le cas de notre pays, nous avons une stratégie dédiée pour les zones noisiennes et de l'organisme qui sont deux écosystèmes très fragiles et donc les SIPAM se constituent un élément qui s'intègre avec cette stratégie territoriale. Cette stratégie territoriale elle-même il s'intègre et on harmonie avec une stratégie nationale qui concerne la génération grune ou le plan Marvel par avant mais aussi nous souhaitons que cette stratégie nationale débouche sur une stratégie internationale que nous avons appelé l'initiative Voyage Durable et que nous avons présenté lors de la COP22 2016 qui a été organisée pour l'échange jumeau climatique en 2016 au Maroc. C'est une initiative qui plaide pour les oasis mais pour un partage universel et des échanges universels. Voilà un petit peu ce que je vous suggère sur les SIPAM Maroc d'une manière générale et je suis à votre disposition. Merci. Thank you very much. Again extremely challenging to to put a richness of experience into a seven minute presentation. So much more details will be shared in as a follow-up. Colleagues we are running behind. Am I muted? Can you hear me colleagues? I hope you can hear me. Yes. Very good. Just to say thank you professor on very challenging to fit richness into seven minutes. More information to be shared in the follow-up. We are challenged by time colleagues. So we have two more presentations to go. We will travel to Spain and Peru and I would urge the presenters trying to stay within the seven minutes and we're currently exploring whether we could extend the webinar for a few more minutes to allow for the discussion session to be to be conducted in a timely manner. So without further ado let us travel to Spain. It will be presented by Mr. Risadel and Mr. Posé and they will both enlighten us about GS sites. If I am my understanding is around olive trees and so therefore I'll give you the floor and the bios of all of our speakers in detail will also be put into the final report so you could have a look at their extensive experience. It would take too long for me with apologies to read all of it out. It's very impressive but for the sake of time I will just introduce now Mr. Risa Adelpons and Mr. Posé over to you. All right we can see the presentation but no sound. Let us see. Okay I hopefully it is just me not hearing sound. There's no sound. No sound. So now yes we can hear you now. Yes please Over to you. Buenos dias. Soy Teresa Adel, gerente de la mancomunidad de la tabla del Sena y responsable del Sipam Olivos Milenarios del territorio Sena. El territorio Sena tiene una superficie de 207 mil hectáreas y 112 mil habitantes. Nuestro cultivo mayoritario es el Olivo, el Olivo de Secano. En total 33,500 hectáreas de olivar de secano y sólo 275 hectáreas de olivar de regadío. En esta zona en la actualidad se han inventariado 6,358 olivos milenarios. Son olivos que miden más de 3,5 metros de perímetro de tronco a una altura de un metro 30. Tenemos ejemplares incluso de 10 metros como el que podéis ver en la foto. Este olivo que estáis viendo ahora se denomina la farga del harión y ha sido datado en más de 1,700 años de antigüedad. Los olivos milenarios de nuestro territorio en las últimas décadas se han visto gravemente amenazados por el espolio. Muchos han sido arrancados y trasladados a otros lugares como elementos decorativos. Nosotros llegamos trabajando en la conservación de estos árboles unos 15 años y durante este tiempo, una de las cosas más importantes ha sido las tareas de concienciación, de agricultores y de propietarios y también la participación en las leyes de protección. Se está comercializando el aceite de olivos milenarios, certificando su origen y su calidad a través de una marca de garantía. También se está iniciando un importante desarrollo del oleoturismo con visitas guiadas, catas, degustaciones, museos y tinerarios y además contamos con la colaboración de los restaurantes de la zona que se han implicado totalmente con el proyecto. Todo este trabajo se ha visto reconocido y recompensado con diferentes previos como algunos de los que aquí nombramos el premio Europa Nostra, el premio del paisaje del Consejo de Europa, el reconocimiento SIPAM por parte de la FAO y muchos otros. Tenemos que decir que todo este trabajo se ha logrado con una gestión sostenible de los recursos. Se han mantenido sin transformar las antiguas plantaciones con variedades autóctoras perfectamente adaptadas a las características de la zona y con densidades de plantación muy bajas, unos 50, 70 olivos por hectárea. Estamos hablando de un olivar de secano con lo que no provoca una presión sobre los escasos recursos hídricos y además se siguen utilizando las construcciones de piedra seca que evitan la erosión, mantienen la humedad, evitan las consecuencias de los fuertes vientos, mantienen la biodiversidad y ayudan a luchar contra las plagas. Aquí veis dos fotografías de lo que son las construcciones de piedra seca ligadas al cultivo del olivar. Y además toda la actividad agrícola y ganadera del territorio escenio mantiene un equilibrio y está estrechamente interrelacionada. El cultivo del olivar necesita y a la vez favorece otras actividades, tanto del sector primario como del sector terciario. Se trata de un sistema sostenible tanto a nivel económico como medioambiental. Bueno, por mi parte ya he terminado comentar que Amador Peset por problemas de salud hoy no puede estar con nosotros pasaremos un vídeo que nos ha grabado y si que me gustaría pues mostraros el olivo de SINFO, uno de los olivos recuperados por Amador Peset que es un agricultor dedicado a la recuperación de olivos y que ahora seguidamente os dejo con él. Thank you so very much. So here we go. We'll try the video. Over to you. Some of you have been working for more than 30 years without being able to do anything. And after working hard to clean these fungi, I have managed to produce a total of 157 olivo minerals, all of them in a subsurface of 65 hectares. You can see fungi with an hectare that only has one of them. And then there are also about 55,000 olivos of the traditional territory of SINFO, and we have to think of everything in secano. All of the photos that you are seeing are of the different phases of their recuperation. The fact of the recuperation with the number of millionaires abandoned has spread, or have spread, different media of communication from all over the world. Among them, a handful of figs in 2016 that made us a 6-part report. Thank you very much for this opportunity of recuperation of your olivos. I was building a small oil supplier and a store to sell MSK directly to the customer. But right away I had the opportunity to be able to work for more people, for more small producers. And then I set up an installation of 20 square meters, one more day of 100 square meters, and now I am currently in a quarter of a hundred square meters, which has a garden area and a large garden area, which is where I am right now. By the way, this ship was also lowered in the middle of the field, it was an old factory of abandoned chairs, which I also recovered and aerated everything to be able to do all these things. It has recently been convenient for me to start another facet in oil and tourism, and that is why I had started before COVID-19 to organize guided visits to my most monumental olivos, to hospitalize all the process of recuperation of these new millenials. After the question of whether we can do olivos, they would be here in the Cata Saga, where we do a complete visit, we have breakfast, we see the slaughterhouse, and we measure all the operation and all the process that has been done since 2010 to this day. I finished my intervention with one of the most important olivos in the world, which is the olivo desinfos, which is the largest in the territory of the city. Its perimeter of the trunk is from 10 to 20 meters to the height of the ground. I have not been able to do it because I need a piece, especially if I needed to go to the center, but in 2019 I got it, but first I recommend it, as the best olivo-monumented in the Mediterranean. For the moment of its owners, I have the honor of taking care of myself and the exploitation of this authentic live monument. And of course, as it is a normal invitation to all of you to come one day, you can see the olivo desinfos, you can visit the Cata Saga, and you can come back with me, and then check out all the other work that we are doing here in the territory of the city. Thank you very much, and as I said before, I hope to see you again soon. Thank you very much. Thank you very much to both of you. And again, we will upload your presentation and also the video, the link to the video of our colleague to the report. Now, without further ado, colleagues, let us travel to Peru, where our colleagues have been up since 6.30 a.m. this morning to join us. And they will tell us about their work around ecosystem restoration and conservation of biodiversity in the Andean wetlands in Peru. So I will invite now Mr. Kavier Laza and Mr. Richard La Torre from Peru to tell us about their experience. Over to you, colleagues. You're most welcome. Muchas gracias, Señor Calas. Muy buenos días a todos los a los organizadores y a los participantes en el mundo. Bien, voy a hacer la presentación elaborada por Javier Llaxa y Richard de la Torre en torno a algunas de las actividades del proyecto gestión sostenible de la agrobiodiversidad y recuperación de ecosistemas vulnerables en regiones andinas del Perú. Y lo hemos denominado gestión intercultural de ecosistemas altoandinos. Los objetivos del proyecto agrobiodiversidad no están alineados con los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible y del decenio de las Naciones Unidas sobre la restauración de los ecosistemas, no? Con un especial énfasis en la seguridad alimentaria, no? En base a la agrobiodiversidad propia de los Andes, no? Y que le da justamente la categoría de centro de origen, no de plantas cultivadas, no? También la aplicación, además del enfoque intercultural, no? Porque básicamente nuestros socios son comunidades, campesinas, quechua y aymaras, no? Está el enfoque de género y generacional. Como vemos en las imágenes, la participación de la familia, de los niños, de jóvenes, de mujeres, no? Y de mayores, no? En acciones, por ejemplo, de forestación. El ámbito del proyecto se encuentra ubicado, no? En la parte central y sur del Perú, en cinco regiones políticas de nuestro país, no? Y con especial énfasis en las regiones de Cusco y Puno, donde se encuentra la zona Sipam, denominada corredor Cusco Puno, no? Aún este es un aspecto pendiente para el estado, porque la gestión de esta zona Sipam está aún pendiente, no? A nivel de las diferentes instancias del estado, no? El nombre de corredor, justamente, se le da porque este es, estas dos regiones no constituyen flujos importantes de agrobiodiversidad y de cultura, no? Entre los pueblos aymaras y los pueblos quechua del Cusco, no? Justamente, entre el límite interregional, entre estas dos regiones Cusco y Puno, no se encuentra el nudo, no? El nevado del Vilcanota, que justamente desde donde nace, no, los contribuyentes hidrográficos hacia la cuenca del, del Amazonas, hacia la cuenca amazónica y para el lado sureste hacia la cuenca del lago Titicaca, no? Las zonas Sipam comprende desde Machu Pichu hasta el lago Titicaca, no? El proyecto es gestionado por el Ministerio del Ambiente, el Ministerio de Agricultura, el GEF, Lafao y Profonante, no? Los ecosistemas actuales y vigentes, no? De la región del Cusco, básicamente tienen en su gran mayoría, no? En cientos de comunidades campesinas esta configuración, no? De este paisaje donde podemos observar diferentes, no? Una diversidad de alturas, no? Una diversidad de suelos, una diversidad de ecosistemas y una diversidad y variabilidad de climas, no? En donde justamente estas comunidades ancestralmente han adaptado, no? Una gran variabilidad y diversidad de cultivos, no? Esta, esta diversidad y variabilidad de cultivos justamente tiene correlación con esta diversidad del paisaje. Por eso es que tenemos dificultades cuando pretendemos introducir especies o el mon, especies mejoradas o el mono cultivo, no? Constituye la base fundamental para la alimentación de estas comunidades y también de las zonas urbanas de nuestro país. Podemos ver la vigencia, por ejemplo, de sistemas de andenerías y terrazas de formación lenta en plena producción. Las características más bien del altiplano puneño, no? De la región Aymara en el Perú tiene estas características. Justamente su nombre viene de ahí, no? Altas planices, no? En la que por su configuración es susceptible, no? De inundaciones. No obstante, también las comunidades durante milenios han implementado respuestas prácticas no técnicas en torno a esta situación. Por ejemplo, la implementación de camellones o guaruarus, no? Osurcos elevados en donde se produce principalmente tuérculos como la papa, no? Y en las zonas más altas, los granos como la quinoa y la canigua, no? En realidad el objetivo es fortalecer este enfoque de integralidad, no? Que el tema de los sistemas de producción, no? De los sistemas agrícolas donde se produce la agrobiodiversidad, no? Este complementada, no? Todas las comunidades campesinas tienen una división, no? En zonas altas, zonas medias y zonas bajas en donde se desarrollan diferentes características como el hábitat, no de la fauna silvestre, los parientes silvestres de los cultivos, no? Y la vigencia como no de los sistemas de andenerías, no? O terrazas de formación lente, no? Entonces, esta es una configuración de integralidad como podemos ver, por ejemplo, en esta imagen donde se combina los agroecosistemas y los ecosistemas, no? En relación a la producción de la seguridad alimentaria, caracterizada por su diversidad, no? Por su diversidad y su gran variabilidad. Las estrategias de intervención en comunidades campesinas, básicamente hemos considerado cuatro, la consulta libre, prevé informada, el enfoque intercultural de género y generacional, no? Y acuerdos con las comunidades, pero un especial énfasis en la gestión de los conocimientos tradicionales y la cosmovisión andina, no? Consideramos que la cosmovisión andina continúa siendo un gran aporte para la humanidad y para el mundo, no? En la forma como nos relacionamos con la naturaleza, no? En donde es justamente se puede evidenciar y apreciar, no? Este contraste entre la valoración de recurso o la valoración económica de la naturaleza, en contraste con una valoración cultural, no? En torno a la naturaleza, la concepción de un mundo vivo, la concepción, no? De una equivalencia, no? En torno a la naturaleza y el hombre, no? En ese sentido, las manifestaciones de esta concepción se hacen visibles a través de la ritualidad, no? Y la festividad que aún están vigentes, no? En la actualidad, no? Y además porque los conocimientos tradicionales se desarrollan, no? En relación con la cosmovisión andina, no? En la, en el contexto, no? De la concepción de un mundo vivo, los conocimientos tradicionales también se desarrollan en ese sentido, no? Entonces, este es un aspecto muy importante a considerar. Otros, los lineamientos para el tema de la restauración, tanto de la agrobiodiversidad como de los ecosistemas están sustentados básicamente en la planificación participativa con las comunidades, es decir, políticas de abajo hacia arriba, no? Justamente como una respuesta a esta aplicación de diferentes enfoques, metodologías, no? Instrumentos de gestión que se desarrollan desde, desde otras instancias, no? Desde las oficinas y desde los escritorios, no? En este caso, este es un aspecto importante a contemplar, no? También la complementaridad intercultural en la gestión del territorio, esta complementaridad entre los conocimientos tradicionales y los conocimientos científicos, no? El fortalecimiento del enfoque de género y generacional en la gestión y como no las sinergias, no? Con las instituciones, universidades, no gobiernos locales para que esto se traduzca en políticas, no? En instrumentos de gestión y también en mecanismos de retribuciones por conservación de los servicios ecosistémicos y de la agrobiodiversidad, no? En torno a la planificación participativa, esta es la síntesis de cómo se implementa las acciones de restauración, una planificación e identificación por parte de las comunidades campesinas, la elaboración de sus mapas, parlantes, la identificación de las zonas importantes, en este caso las zonas degradadas, no? Y para luego implementar las acciones de restauración, en este caso, forestación, no obstante, sobre la base del fortalecimiento de la gobernanza comunal, no? Se implementan forestación con especies nativas, re-vegetación con pastos nativos, zanjas de infiltración, también acciones de siembra y cosecha de agua de lluvia, todo ello complementado, no? Con la gestión de la agrobiodiversidad, no? En el Perú, muchísimas gracias. Muchas gracias. Thank you very much. And I'm wondering whether we are also going to hear from our other colleague. All clear. Okay. Thank you. So, colleagues, this brings us to our third session, which we are running a little bit late and we are asking for a 15-minute extension to allow for an interactive discussion right now with the panelists. So, with your permission, we will extend the seminar and close just before three o'clock Rome time, so 15 to 20 minutes maximum extension with our apologies. So, the third session is really about zooming in and diving deeper into two critical areas we've been trying to discuss. Number one, the linkages between the GS practices and ecosystem restoration to understand a bit more. And secondly, concrete linkages or potential linkages to the UN decade on ecosystem restoration as such. And if you recall, the UN decade is very ambitious. It's about restoring, revitalizing. It's about preventing, but it's also about sustaining these practices and scaling those practices. And it won't stop in 2030. It will in fact be an effort to continue well beyond 2030. So, with that in mind, how can we also think of scale in terms of moving from several pockets of excellence and hope into a larger sea of transformational scale to reach the agreed goals of the decade? So, the way we would like to structure it is that in order of presentations, I will ask two questions to each of the panelists and they will have three minutes each to respond. So, this is a challenge. I will ask everybody of the panelists to prioritize and just give us the two to three key points for each question. And I'll invite the participants to also give ideas on each of those questions into the question and answer area. Now, once again, we will not have time unfortunately to answer all of the questions in the question and answer, but we will collect those. And my understanding is that the secretariat and panelists will make an effort to answer those questions in writing, potentially as part of the final report. That's my suggestion. So, if that's agreeable with everybody, let's go to the two questions. The first question is, what are the two to three key effective approaches and practices for ecosystem restoration in the GIA sites in your countries? And I will start in order of presentation with Dr. Naito. And the second question will be, what are two to three potential ideas or experiences? How GS can contribute to the UN decade of ecosystem restoration itself? So, I hope those two questions are clear and we will go in order of presentation. First, we will travel to Japan. Dr. Naito, give us your your your key thoughts, please, in three minutes to both of these questions. Over to you, please. Okay. Yeah, thank you very much. First, I would like to emphasize the importance of second nature, such as semi-natural grassland in Japan. This kind of ecosystem is not pure natural, but species rich. In fact, through the experience of researching vegetation diversity in two GIA sites of Japan, semi-natural grasslands have a greater number of plant species. We should focus on the potential of human nature hybrid ecosystem. Second, I also would like to mention that biodiversity crisis result not only from environmental overuse, but also from underuse. In 1880s, 80% of our land was grassland, but currently only 1% of our land. This brings extinction crisis of grassland, grassland wildlife, and also human custom and value system. So, the answer to question one is that we better focus on the importance and potential of second nature and try to maintain or restore such kind of ecosystems. They are not pure nature, but reaching biodiversity compared with natural ecosystem sometimes. I assume that many GIA sites in Japan and world have some kind of second nature in the system. We better aware of that and exchange the practice and idea to maintain or restore second nature. Japan has a lot of second nature such as Satoyaman semi-grassland. Local people of our GIA site try to restore second nature bluntly and local government and private companies assist their effort. For example, people of Tokushima mountain site reclaim abandoned farmland by themselves. We would like to share this kind of experience with you. The answer to question two is that the ecosystem in related with GIA site have been used for food production up to now, but most of them are in crisis somehow. One strong cause which brings crisis of GIA site is misconnection between indigenous food production system and contemporary food supply system. We should try to articulate to systems and make GIA function continuously because many GIA site contain second nature. We cannot restore just related ecosystem without human activities. So I believe we go beyond human nature dichotomy and try to restore second nature by using GIA program. Thank you very much. Thank you very much Dr. Naito and well noted and we'll make sure that these suggestions are also reflected in the report. So anything you can share with us on that would be welcome. Straight to China then, if I may, to Dr. Mocheng in three minutes. What do you leave us with with regards to the two questions? Over to you professor. Okay I would like to the question two. From the perspective of ecology ecosystem restoration is an important part. Scientists have proposed a matter effective ecological restoration measures and the process for different ecosystems including biological engineering policy measures and so on. In fact many measures and technologies have also borrowed from traditional western. In GIA sites, local residents have also created many effective technologies and measures in their long-term products and protect practices which can provide a reference for ecosystem restoration in different regions. For example, the potential GIAs in China are hooking the nomadic system. Since the 1980s in order to improve the quality of life, her in mainland areas in China have successfully abandoned the nomadic methods and changed to sad stocking. Sad stocking is continuous grazing in which a certain number of livestock stays in a certain range of grassland without restriction. However, if they are fixed on a pasture for a long time the pasture was destroyed and the ecosystem degraded. So in order to solve this problem starting from the 20 tons degraded grassland was circled and the grazing was prohibited. However, after grazing prohibition for five to six years we found that the pasture in no grazing areas has not been very stored. Most still grasses were produced and they caused other ecological problems such as affecting the growth of tender grasses, reducing biodiversity and easily causing fires. But in the area where the are hooking nomadic system is located this problem doesn't occur because appropriated intervention is beneficial to the health of the ecosystem. That if we can explore the wisdom of traditional nomadic system earlier we can make a contribution to the restoration of China's grasslands. Therefore I think for ecosystem restoration new technologies are very important and the traditional wisdom is also very important. The effective ecosystem restoration measures should be the integration of traditional wisdom and the modern technology and the key is to find the traditional wisdom over jazz by scientific analysis and they introduce the modern technology and disseminate such good restoration processes to other agricultural areas. That's all. Thank you. Thank you very much Dr. Mousseng and again also your thoughts these and any other written written suggestions you may wish to provide will be incorporated into the final report. With that we will travel again to Tanzania to Mr. Bunty to give us his insights on the two questions also in three minutes please sir. Over to you. Thank you. You are on mute Mr. Bunty so kindly unmute yourself. There you go yeah over to you. The first one is on the effective practices among this what I have presented. The way I see in comparison to the in relation to the landscape I can say that the integration of these practices has really made it resilient because you see it is a very steep foot slopes of the mountains. So this practice agroforest itself and the associated practices in an integrated manner has given the result of this present situation and supporting the needs for over those years. You can say that nutrient cycling can be one of the key area because in the integration you see that they are using co-pracy use feeding to livestock and then taking the manure back to the field. In that way it makes the system stable and kind of supporting itself. On the Canada second question on what can be taken to the UNDKD what I can say that agroforest for instance in our case this is just one part but it is spread all around the country and I see that in terms of ecosystem conservation and restoration agroforest plays a very key contribution. So probably the continuous approach and dissemination of these lessons to other areas could be very important to be taken over for the decade. Thank you. Thank you very much Mr. Banzi again challenging to wrap it all in three minutes. Thank you and with that Professor Bachli to Morocco in three minutes what are your key takeaway points to two questions. Over to you Monsieur. Merci beaucoup. Répondre aux besoins essentielles de cet homme qui vit dans ces écosystèmes les besoins de base dont il a besoin pour réconcilier pour le réconcilier avec son milieu c'est-à-dire tout ce dont les besoins nécessaires de santé d'éducation d'infrastructure de base et ainsi de suite mais aussi innové dans le sens de valoriser les produits de ces écosystèmes c'est le meilleur moyen pour soulager la pression pour soulager la pression sur l'érosource naturel et crier un lien vital entre l'homme et la nature on valorisant le produit agricole de grande valeur dans ses écosystèmes on valorisant l'artisanat dans ses ses oeuvres on va lire en valorisant le tourisme dans ses écosystèmes ils permettent à ces gens là de voir un bien et par ce moyen-là ce bien c'est la nature pour eux troisième aspect c'est d'aider ces gens à faire face aux aux intempéries aux changements climatiques aux problèmes des risques naturels et c'est là où il y a le travail aussi de l'intervention de nous tous pour créer une certaine résilience parce que souvent ces ans-là sont assujettis à des problèmes liés aux changements climatiques en l'occurrence des intempéries on l'occurrence des rartés de l'eau comme l'occurrence également des pertes de leur sol et donc la l'état la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la communauté internationale pourra être à l'aide de cette population ecosystem 3 points. To answer the second question, what can the SIPAM bring in the framework of preservation and the restoration of ecosystems? For me, the answer is very simple. It's to help with the implementation of action plans, to help with the implementation of action plans. Each SIPAM has a very rich action plan, and sometimes it's not easy to put it in place. There are local constraints, so the SIPAM could be of help to continue, to preserve and to ensure the safety of these SIPAMs is to support them by action plans on the ground. It's concrete. That's what I have to say. I have a short remark. I have received a few questions. I ask the organisers if they can ask me these questions so that I can answer them, as long as I can answer all the questions concerning traditional practices in the SIPAMs, concerning the cement in the SIPAMs, concerning the ecotourism in the SIPAMs. Thank you very much for this webinar. Thank you very much. Thank you, Professor. Thank you very much. Well noted that the questions will be also transferred to you for further reflection. And with that, we're going to move to Spain and then Peru for our final two speakers to intervene. Ms. Adele Pons, what are your key thoughts on the two questions, please? Over to you. Well, answering the questions from our SIPAMs, we consider the issue of the recovery of abandoned finkets very important in our case. We consider that preserving these trees that are planted more than a thousand years ago is a much better option than the transformation of finkets to plant new varieties that are also not so adapted to our area and that will surely have more problems for the crop. In this way, what we are doing is preserving the biodiversity and these traditional varieties that are also being lost in many cases. Also, the importance of the crops of the finkets, especially in our area in the Mediterranean, that we always have water problems with water scarcity. Maintaining these crops of finkets that do not cause pressure on the scarce hydric resources seems very accurate to us and it is a way of resilience that makes these crops sustainable both environmentally and economically. Finally, I would also like to comment on the restoration of the environment through dry stone. It is a material very close to us, a material of a kilometer or zero, that makes us have a landscape that is a total symbiosis between what would be man and nature. And that makes us have very beautiful landscapes and that are sustainable economically and also environmentally. And how not? That causes us to be a tourist attraction because we have to think transversely, not only as producers of olive oil, but everything that is supposed to be a project of these characteristics. From oil to the primary sector, but also tourism, also in trade, in short, what it is about is that it is useful for the development of an entire area. And finally, I think that in the Zipam area, we have a very important function of giving examples of other places that may have similarities to our territory and that we can serve as an example for future actions. Thank you very much, Madam. And we move now, last but not least, to Peru with our last intervention to the two questions. Mr. Laza, the floor is yours, please. Thank you very much. In relation to the questions, it is necessary, precisely, the exhibition had as the main axis the subject of the intercultural focus. It is not necessary to put into context the evidence of these original peoples in Peru. It is around more than 10% of the population of Peru. There are 3 million inhabitants who inhabit approximately 9,000 peasant and native communities in the Amazon and in the Andes. These communities are owners of millenarian knowledge. On the good side, the agro-biodiversity is not managed by these communities. In the same way, ecosystem services, native forests, humedals, pastries are in the area of these peasant and native communities. In that sense, it merits and proposes to us the scenario of an intercultural management. Taking into account, in principle, these millenarian knowledge and also the subject of the Andean Cosmovision, as it had indicated at the beginning. The Zona Zipan, which is still a subject pending in Peru, at least, the existence of this Cuscopuno corridor as a Zona Zipan, is still a subject pending for the State, for local governments, for regional governments, for the ministries and the State in itself. In reality, it constitutes a great potential for protection at the beginning of agro-biodiversity in our country, which obviously contributes to the world with the genetic resources in that sense. They are an instance of protection, but not protection only of the genetic resources, but the whole context that promotes this conservation, that is, the whole cultural context that makes it possible that the evidence of agro-biodiversity is necessary to indicate that all agro-biodiversity in Peru, in a 90% and more, is developed in dry conditions. In dry conditions, that is, in permanent conversation with the climate. Therefore, there is still a current evidence of these traditional knowledge in relation to the climate. Every year, agriculture, not every year, agriculture in Los Andes is different. Therefore, the farmers of these communities implement different strategies to face this. These aspects can be taken into account as local policies of support, because the answers are there in the peasant communities and it is more the management of local, regional and national government that must take into account these aspects, as I say, oriented towards an intercultural management of agro-biodiversity and ecosystems. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, colleague. So before giving over to the former closing, I have three points that I would like to leave you with. Number one, I want to thank all the panelists and the participants, all of you. And to the organizers who have scripted this out to the detail with lots of work. So thank you very much for that. Secondly, our objectives were learning and synergies. And I do think that we've achieved some learning, also diving into evidence, evidence that there is great potential in the geosites to make tangible contributions and concrete synergies with the UN decade on ecosystem restoration itself. Thirdly, making peace with nature. Making peace with nature was mentioned as one of the key motos. And I do think that we have a chance through the GS to make a tangible contribution to this objective. And as you see behind me over here, to become the generation restoration that our colleague from UN, Tim, has advocated for without, so with that, just the beginning of the process, I will now give the floor to Ms. Mette Wilkie. She's the director of the forestry division here at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. And she's a key visionary and champion and internal driving force to lead FAO in this effort to make the most contribution it can. So Ms. Wilkie, thank you for your patience and over to you for the closing words. Thank you. Thank you so much, Patrick. And let me just add the thanks to all of those presenters that have been here today. And to the participants for the many questions and comments I can see in the chat and the Q&A, it's been a fantastic event here. And it really has highlighted how these globally important agricultural heritage systems can contribute to the UN decade on ecosystem restoration, but not just synergy with that decade. I think what we can see here is this is a great way of creating synergies between two UN decades, the UN decade on ecosystem restoration and the UN decade on family farming. We've heard many presentations here today and we've heard how restoration of the health and productivity of agricultural and food systems can help us conserve biodiversity and enhance their habitats. It can help us mitigate and adapt to climate change for farmers and local communities. It can enhance food security and it can create jobs and livelihoods. That is exactly the recipe that we need now to build back better after the COVID-19 pandemic. So I would encourage you to make sure that those messages are put forward to those who are making decisions now on how to invest to restart the economy. We do need to rebuild better, rebuild and build back better. And these systems that are already in place is a great place to start. And very, very importantly, because they're telling us one more thing, it's not just about biodiversity, climate change, the economics and food security, it's also about culture. It's about our heritage. And that is crucially important that we keep that in mind as well. So I really want to encourage you all to share your good stories, your lessons learned, your experiences, your best practices with both of the two decades. Send it into the websites for the two decades. Send them to me or some of the organizers here today. We'll help share that, particularly we're looking for best practices and guidance in different languages as well and for different types of ecosystems in different contexts. So if you can help us with that, that would be fantastic. We can then help spread that even further that we can do in a webinar, although we have first to 200 people here, but we can do more than that. And please use the visual identity tools and whatever else we have of material on the UN decade website and use the hashtag generation restoration. I hope you will all make sure that these next 10 years, you will be part of it. You will take this as your decade and that you will help make sure that we look at how we can help restore the health and productivity of agricultural systems as a great contribution to restoring nature, restoring ecosystems, restoring hope. And as Patrick said, has peace with nature. So thank you so much everybody for today. It has been fantastic. Let's keep this network and the sharing of information going and let's see how you can help take this decade or these two decades forwards within your existing networks already. So thank you very much. Thank you very much, Ms. Wilkie. All right, bye-bye everybody. And thank you so very much. Comerci.