 Last concept, let's look at the idea of cardiac output. Cardiac output. Cardiac output is basically combining the two factors that I mentioned at the end of the last one and putting them together to see how much blood is your entire heart actually pumping. Cardiac output, okay, half your heart. Cardiac output is stroke volume times heart rate. And that's going to give you a number. We know how to calculate stroke volume using our end diastolic and our end systolic volumes. And our heart rate, that's easy to calculate as well, and that's going to give us a number that's going to tell us how much blood we're pumping through our body every minute or so. Usually, cardiac output on both sides of the heart is the same, but if you have damage to your heart or you've got issues somewhere down the line that you're pumping blood to, you can actually have different amounts. And the weaker side of your heart is going to pump slower and you can imagine that blood is going to pool behind the weaker side. And that has some consequences. In the next lecture, we're going to look at capillary exchange and we're going to have some fluid issues, some osmosis issues, some swelling and edema issues. And cardiac output can play a role in that. If you have edema or swelling in a certain part of your body, you might look at that part of the heart that is draining that part of the body and consider, you know, maybe there's damage in the heart itself that the heart itself is unable to keep up with the other side, which results in pooling and fluid adventures in the other side. Other that side, uh-huh, that one over there and then right, yeah. You guys are awesome. I'll be talking to y'all later.