 Hi, my name is Nicholas Hoekstra. I work here at the Accessible Books Consortium as the capacity building focal point. I want to show you today three versions of the Marrakesh VIP Treaty and demonstrate how my computer reads them aloud. I'm opening a copy of the Marrakesh Treaty in the PDF format. I click on the document and wait for it to open and what I hear is Alert, call an empty document. Alert, call an empty document. Empty document. This means that all the information contained in this file is completely inaccessible to me. This is probably because this PDF is an image or a picture of the text which my computer cannot read. Now I'm opening a copy of the Marrakesh Treaty in Microsoft Word. As you can hear, this document is readable. Diplomatic conference to conclude a treaty to facilitate access to published works by visually impaired persons and persons with printed disabilities. My computer reads me the text, but it's important to point out that this text is not structured with a table of contents, with headings or with page numbers. Imagine that this was a 400 page textbook, something that's very common when we talk about textbooks. If I wanted to read only chapter 2, I would have to page down again and again and again and read text on each page until I locate just the page that I need. This can be very time consuming. Now I'd like to show you an accessible PDF file. Marrakesh Treaty to facilitate access to published preamble heading level 2, article 1 relation to article 2, article 3, article 4. As you can hear, this accessible PDF file is being read aloud, but it's also structured. This means that important elements such as page numbers or headings have been designed in such a way that my computer can access them. So for example, just by touching a key, I can jump from heading to heading, article 1, article 2, article 3. This means that I can quickly access the information that I need when I need it. So this document is both readable and accessible.