 Spacecraft, a spacecraft is a vehicle or machine designed to fly in outer space. Spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, including communications, Earth observation, meteorology, navigation, space colonization, planetary exploration, and transportation of humans and cargo. All spacecraft except single stage two orbit vehicles cannot get into space on their own, and require a launch vehicle carrier rocket. On a suborbital spaceflight, a space vehicle enters space and then returns to the surface, without having gone into an orbit. For orbital spaceflights, spacecraft enter closed orbits around the Earth or around other celestial bodies. Spacecraft used for human spaceflight carry people onboard as crew or passengers from start or on orbit space stations only, whereas those used for robotic space missions operate either autonomously or tele-robotically. Robotic spacecraft used to support scientific research are space probes. Robotic spacecraft that remain in orbit around a planetary body are artificial satellites. Only a handful of interstellar probes, such as Pioneer Kemp and 11, Voyager 1 and 2, and New Horizons, are on trajectories that leave the solar system. Orbital spacecraft may be recoverable or not. By method of orientation to Earth they may be divided in non-winged space capsules and winged space planes. Humanity has achieved spaceflight but only a few nations have the technology for orbital launches. Russia are SA or Roscosmos the United States. NASA the Member States of the European Space Agency. SSA Japan. JASA China. CNSA India. IFRO Taiwan National Transition Institute of Science and Technology. Taiwan National Space. Organization and Espio Israel. Israel. Iran. Israel. North Korea. NATO.