 The incidence of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, ADEM, an autoimmune condition caused by a virus or vaccine, has increased since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the widespread use of vaccines. This condition is characterized by a rapid evolution and multifocal neurological deficits and can lead to coma and death if not treated properly. In addition, there have been reports of acute hemorrhagic locoencephalitis, AHLE, a more severe form of ADEM following COVID-19 infection or vaccination. These two conditions are often misdiagnosed, leading to delayed treatment and poorer outcomes. Therefore, it is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of the symptoms and treatments for both ADEM and AHLE. This article was authored by Adina Stoyan, Zoltan Bejko, Mircha Stoyan, and others.