 आन्हे, तो Carwyn राशिन, मेगा बार, आजिंkem सuten-dee mingkha boroha! आन minimum आप़्से अपड specsar agrikalsaren&alhjcence is the school of vocational studies were also welcomed. terminology's start-up 1. Welcome you all to today's class.ईछी छोण आफी आपड़ा जँ़दिय ब benefitingから or is nora wam from rolling flask fellraaren came out of the sniper. इज्र प्र�र कम अप़े � listen 2. After planting tea there is a practice మాకాఒగాత violation filed మాకి ఐియంరడ ప్ని ఉంటాస్డ్ హా freely. ఆట్కాన్యం 2020 కరంరంచె రీలీ సశి ఆరక and the basic purpose of the practices is to develop a good frame to sustain high yield and at the same time side by side the health and vigor of the plant is also maintained during this period by managing various paste and disease control methods by providing various proper food and nutrition to the plant so after going through this unit you will able to state the objective of training the young tea then you will able to describe the different operations adopted in training the young tea then describe the methods adopted in bringing up the young tea into bearing and last you will able to explain the importance of different cultural practices adopted in young tea management so by nesar what is a tea is a small tree or shrub but to get maximum yield or higher yield production we need to have a a busy or sturdy structure of the tea we take good frame so in this unit we shall discuss various operations various methods that are adopted to train the young plants to form a low spreading bush with a well-developed frame and branch systems so now come to the point training so what is actually training training is a practice that is followed in three in which the growth of tree is directed to give a proper shape and form and in tea cultivations or in tea plantation the main objective of training is to develop a low spreading frame for quick ground coverage to get maximum yield or more leaf productions to form a plucking table with a convenient height for plucking then to develop a sturdy bush which is called permanent frame during these formative years and next is to harvest maximum crop even in the early years to recover the shortest possible time the capital invested in the planting though emphasis is given on higher productions or maximum yield but at the same time the growth the health and vigor of the plant is not sacrificed only on the cost of the maximum yield so there must be a balance between these two factors the maximum yield and health and vigor of the plant and for these purposes various measures to be taken various measures to be taken or various management practices should be followed to keep the balance between these two factors and this good management practice basically consists of the following like adoptions of various suitable measures to increase the root volume to increase the density and area of the bush frame and adoption of various efficient and timely plant protections measures to relieve the young plants from unnecessary external stress thereby allowing the plants to grow with their full potential judicious harvesting of the shoots without affecting the health and vigor of the plants then proper and timely applications of manuals and fertilizers with the growth requirement of the plants according to their requirements manuals and fertilizers should be applied at timely durations then adoption of suitable cultural operations like drainage shade irrigation etc should be provided to give a healthy environment for the luxuriant growth of the plants now come to the frame formations so one of the main aim of the training of tea cultivation or in young tea plants is to develop a good permanent frame during the formative years so the main objective is to sustain higher yield the frame developed developed during this initial period is called permanent frame because this frame is not disturbed toward the lifespan of the tea plant until and unless they are damaged by any insect paste or diseases or any other external factors so therefore in such cases resuminations need to be followed in tea cultivations by removing these damaged portions so there are various operations basically adopted in training of tea they deserve the first one is decentering so decentering is is the removal of stem main stem at a height of 20 centimeter from the ground level and you can see in the pictures and decentering is done when the tea plant is transferred from the nursery to the main field okay and when this tea plant makes a plus of growth and when there is a sufficient amount of starch in the roots so during this decentering process we have to keep in mind that there should be sufficient amount of starch content in the root so i'll show you in later on what is how to perform the starch taste so this is about decentering then next is thumb breaking or lung pruning so thumb breaking or lung pruning is done when there is only one main stem and there is no any lateral branches so it is also done at a height of 20 centimeter from the ground level okay so what is done in thumb breaking you have to keep the stem in between your index finger and thumb and then the stem should be broken in such a way that one part of the stem should be intact in the main stem for movement of the nutrient and waters then this broken stem should be bent towards the ground in south or west direction depending upon the direction of the row so this is what is called lung pruning or thumb breaking then the next operation is debugging debugging is nothing but the removal of the buds and in tea plantations the leaf axils are removed from the upper portions of the plants leaving the lower 20 centimeter untouched and this is done with the help of a small hexoblade or using finger so in all the operations of the training the basic principle is to suppress the apical dominance so what is apical dominance apical dominance is a phenomena where the main shoots dominate and inhibits the growth of lateral branches and in these operations all the operations of this training process in tea the main objective is to dominate these main shoots the growth of the main shoots so that we can have a study frame with low branches so the main objective main principles of this training is to eliminate the apical dominance by adopting different operations so that we can get a low spreading tea plant with strong frame then next come to the we have i have already told that during decentering processes there should be maximum amount of sufficient amount of starch content should be there in the roots so now how to perform this starch test so to perform this starch test first you have to select randomly 10 to 12 plants per big half land then about 0.5 centimeter thickness pencil thickness which is called pencil thickness of roots should be collected from the selected plants by digging a hole of 10 centimeter away from the collar of the plants and this digging should be done uh up to depth of 10 to 15 centimeter there is some cut should be given on the end of the root and put one two two drops of iodine solutions on the cut end and wait for five minutes so after five minutes if we see deep blue color in the cut end then we can see we can uh say that the there is a maximum sufficient amount of starch content in the roots if there is no change then we can say that there is no any starch content and we should not go for the decentering process so now how to prepare this iodine solutions to so to prepare this iodine solution first we have to take one gram of iodine and one gram of potassium and dissolve this amount of iodine and potassium in 4 to 5 ml of distilled water in a glass beaker and then the volume should be made up to 100 ml adding by adding distilled water and this solution should be preserved in a color color bottle wrapping with carbon paper so this is how we can prepare the iodine solutions so with this we uh came to the end of today's lecture so let's have a look what we have discussed today so initial 4 to 5 years of planting in tea is called crucial why it is called crucial because in this period it is called formative period in this period the tea plants are trained to form a low spreading bush then we have discussed various objective of training like to develop a spreading frame for quick ground coverage to develop a sturdy bush frame for sustained luxuriant vegetative growth in fusers ears to facilitate easy plucking at a convenient bush height and to harvest maximum possible crops during the early years then we have discussed what is frame formation and various methods adopted in frame formation process what is permanent frame the frame developed during this period formative period is called permanent frame because this frame is not disturbed throughout the lifespan of the tea plant until and unless the tea plant is affected by any other disease paste or any other external factors then we have discussed about what is apical dominance and what is the principles of all the operations all the methods followed in training of tea plantations then what is star stays and how to perform it so in the next class we'll discuss about frame forming prune then methods of bringing up of young tea then cultural practices different cultural practices adopted in young tea management so with this i conclude today thank you thank you very much