 Today, we have another special guest, his advocate, Harsh Chaturvedi, an alumni of Siddling School of Law and Governance, JNU, Japan National University, School of Law and Governance, Interprastha University, School of Law and Legal Studies, Andhraal as an advocate at Uttar Pradesh Bar Council, working as an associate with Mr. Devendra Chaubey, advocate on record, Supreme Court of India, and also working as an assistant legal advisor in GenPect Accounting Solutions, Private Limited, Noida, with expertise in competition law, IPR and international diplomatic relations. He is also an international speaker, having delivered lectures widely on various public and academic platforms, including University of Uttava, Faculty of Law. Sir, today I would be speaking on a very interesting topic. Rather, I should consider it as one of the hottest topics at the international platform, as well as the domestic platforms in India. And the topic is titled as the India-Manmar-Thailand Tri-Lateral Highway, a strategic move to counter Chinese abrasion. Sir, without wasting any more time, I request you to kindly take a charge of the stage, and please go ahead with your presentation. We are really eager to listen to you. Thank you so much. Thank you, Mr. Professor Bhava, for introducing me with such a high-appliced words. I'd like to introduce my topic first, that is, first, just tell me whether you were able to see my presentation. Yes, yes, yes. We can. Okay, okay. The topic of the presentation is the Indian-Manmar-Thailand Tri-Lateral Highway, a strategic move to counter Chinese aggression. So, when you talk about the aggression part, what comes in your mind, whether it should be economical, whether it should be an army thing, or it should be something else, on a space or anything else. Whenever you think about aggression, aggression comes at any point of time, whether if you are doing even a surgical strike on some of the other countries, that comes and will be taken up as the part of aggression. Now, the meaning of aggression is always different for each and every country. If we take the Chinese aggression on us, for us, it's an aggression. For Chinese, it's a policy that they want to claim some of the other land. This is the thing, they have a mutual right or have a beneficial right on them. But now things do get changed. And after many years also, the things are not so well. And the aggression definition is also not properly given in many parts of the thing that we must understand how the aggression should work or the aggression should be taken into consideration. It's not very clear. Then the new thing introduced in the General Assembly in 1974, where it came with a definition under the General Clause Resolution 3314, in which it was clearly depicted that if an armed inclusion, any type of armed inclusion takes place, then it will be considered as aggression on some of the other countries. But this definition is not even proper whenever that economical aggression, the sanction on some of the other countries is also a type of aggression yet you are putting on some of the other countries on the independence of any other country to do the business. Now if you talk about now moving towards the next Mike Pippity dispute between India and China from 1914 to 2020, it's nothing new in that if you talk about the Chinese aggression on India. We are following it from 1914 when the Britishers derelictly without making Chinese on a more happening part, but they have directly in 2014 represents from Britain. The Republic of China and Tibet gathered in Shimla to negotiate a treaty that become determined the Statue of Tibet and effectively settle the border between China and British India. The Chinese unhappy at proposed at from starting only the Chinese were remain unhappy, whatever the move we take, whatever the proposal we give in front of them, they are remain unhappy with us and they want that whatever the decision they make will be executed and will be implemented. Now in 1962 war is considered which was being fought between India and China. The tension rose throughout 1950s. If we consider that this is the false of Jawaharlal Nehru regime for diplomatic policy, then we can say that yes, we can put this 1962 war as best example for the diplomacy failure because we are in a mood that yes, we are proposing a friendship and the Chinese are also in a mood of friendship and we cannot take out something that yes, Chinese has gone somewhere else at thinking of something else. We fail to take out that was the bloody and dirty mind is thinking of and the tension rose throughout the Chinese stated that Tibet was never independent could not sign a treaty creating. There is also a very good point that is the Tibet is in 1962 war was fought because of the Tibet issue also because we have given a started giving a permanent international status to Tibet. And we are also started that yes, the each and everything whatever the Tibet is an independent nation and whatever the decision they want to take on the international policy they can take. Now, there were several failed attempts of peaceful negotiation. There is always a peaceful negotiation we always talk first we always talk in a move that China start the control critical roadways near its western frontier in Ziya Ziya. India and its western allies saw any attempt at Chinese inclusion as a part of wider plot to export moist style communism across the region by 1962 war had broken out Chinese troops crossed the MacMahon line and took a position deep inside Indian territory the failure of which we cannot defend our boundaries is that we cannot. We do not have the infrastructure to mobilize our forces properly. We do not have that much of capability that yes that we can fight a full flesh war against China. If you have heard of major Shaitan Singh story, the person with a company of only 120 people fought against the Chinese inclusion of around 22,500 soldiers coming in front of it. And then also he fought so with so much of bravery that the 13,000 casualty where we suffered by the Chinese side and to honor the bravery you must see the honor the bravery of Indian soldiers they have put the shields on the bodies of the Indian soldier so that it cannot get degrade or decompose in the harsh condition of the Lada region. Now next thing is next point we're going to have is 1967 in Sikkim India pushes back China back when you the next war it's not a war we can say it's a type of inclusion which Chinese want to do but in Nathala and Chola that which connected the Sikkim there we have fought a very good war and we have pushed back the Chinese in a very good in a more effective manner what we have failed to do in 1962. Now in this here we have put the all the we have killed 150 Indians and 340 Chinese were killed. The clash in September of October 1967 those passes will later be considered second all out war between it will be considered as the all out war between China and India. But India prevailed destroying Chinese fortification in Nathala and forced them back and in only is the Nathala and Chola region is there where we have the proper demarcation of the boundary between India and China. With proper fencing and proper gateways so that both the sides will be remain in their position and no cross border inclusion can be take place. Now the next part which we are going to consider is 1987 crisis awarded in 1987 the Indian military was conducting a training operation to see how fast it will move the border. A large number of troops when materialing arrived next to Chinese out post surprise Chinese commander who responded by advancing towards what they considered the line of actual control. Realizing that the potential to in early start of war both India and China de-escalate and crisis was awarded in 1987 with a practice to move the Indian army as how we can move the Indian army as fast as we could into the border areas so that practice was being taken but the Chinese out post think that we are in a situation of war so they have outnumbered the troops on their side also so that the things can be properly maintained. But after a diplomatic meeting and a flag meeting this India and China face off will be de-escalate. Now the next part next history of the part is on the 2013 standoff in 2013 standoff at Dallag Bay border after decades of patrolling the border Chinese platoon pitched a camp near Dallag Bay. Now here is the situation get starting worse and when the Chinese side has posted up camp near Dallag Bay area and they have started showing us that it's our area you must go back we have occupied it and this is the saying this is our territory and the same way Indian soldiers also started raising the flags and the banners that yes it's our territory it's not your territory you must go and dismantle the areas in your position. In 2017 Dallag Klam standoff in June 2017 Chinese set up a working building in road sorry in a road in the Dallag Klam flat an area of Himalayan border not by India but it's an ally of Bhutan. It's a very famous thing which was been there in Dallag Klam standoff in which the Bhutan in India has come up with a very strong support of Bhutan and also given a stride warning to the Chinese counterpart if any escalation or any inclusion take place we are ready to fought any kind of war. Now next is which we are now witnessing is 2020 Landa standoff in May really broke out several times the Chinese started including in the boundary and it was a shame also that Indian politicians many of the Indian politicians has taken up opportunity to criticize the ongoing government, ruling government. But the thing is that when we are supposed to work in a together position we must add something we must suggest that ongoing ruling government we have started that yes you have in a fall that troops are not in a better position you must do this you must do that but only criticizing not giving the solution that yes how we can de-escalate the things. In May too in clash was being there glacial like Pongrant also Indian troops were badly injured had to evacuate it by the helicopter this was a famous thing which happened which where both the sides get so much casualties we lost 20 brave soldiers and they also lost many other thing as per one international media has quoted that they have lost about 30 to 34. 40 30 40 soldiers but they are as in they have a tradition not to claim because they have a new friend which is Pakistan so maybe they have taken some good things from Pakistan that never to claim that yes we have done something wrong and with yes we have done a problematic thing for the other country. So they have taken some good things from Pakistan to never to claim their faults. Now China bluster into force dump trucks, excavators, troops carried artillery armoured vehicles inside expert said what was clearly that it was most serious clash between two sides since 2017 and having a deadly confrontation to come. Now the possible reason why in China has deployed deployment in the LOC was in their decision to strengthen its border infrastructure that is Darbukh, Shawbukh, Dallak, Bakeholding, it's a very important strategic road which was to be constructed much earlier but is much China much earlier but after 2014 it was really get completed. Because the previous government before 2014 the previous government do not take any steps to really improve the border infrastructure. I am sorry to say maybe some of the person people are there who think that no no no each and every government has taken its proper steps but I don't think so because if you see that standoff of the diplomatic policy played by the previous governments not a very crucial and what a very standoff and active decision was never been taken off. Now India United States title example core admit US China tensions. Now India United States title India as its core and this may be also be considered as the in China inclusion aggression against India. As China views India assertion regarding Gilgit-Bullistan implicitly attack on China-Pakistan economic corridor China flagship program. Now it is the fear between India between Pakistan and China that if that in these roads and the border infrastructure what India is developing is maybe used as a direct assertion on the roads which has been built in the POK. That is China-Pakistan economic corridor that sky chain part and the POK part. In a phrase or in a context has said that South China Sea matter is should be should be solved in a dialogue manner. But yes India has also developed some interest after so many times in the South China Sea. The political tension with due to COVID-19 pandemic. Yes it's a thing that each and every world is suffering from from China. Maybe China denies that it's not the virus is not created by them. It's a genetic virus is a generic virus. But everybody knows the truth even the Chinese diplomacy also because if we talk about the generic virus thing it's a very old and very old tradition to have a war with the virus. When a king do not have that much of power or that much of stand in the to fight a direct conflict with other countries they used to plant a virus or sometimes some flakes so that they can weaken their population to fight or do a war. They were back in any of the other aggressive circumstances. India has been growing power in Asian region. That's also a very point that needs to be considered that India is mostly growing power in Asian region and China do not want any other competition in Asian region to come in the path of its progress. Now next tense is what after this inclusion what India's does military if you talk about the military thing India move an additional division of tanks artillery across LSE to match Chinese deployment deployment. For the India has approved the purchase of 33 Russian fighter jets and upgrade upgrade 59 war planes at a cost of 18 148 crores. The rest are classified and do not want to discuss the details of this purchase because it's a classified material and it's a public platform and this video can go anywhere or at any point of time. On 10 September India captures many finger 4 area and establishes near by heights posted near by heights. In 12 September India captures many posts near Kailash Mansur. Now from 10 September the change of diplomacy that what we call is that the table has been turned. That first time in the history the India has given an aggressive stand against Indian Chinese positions and they have captured the Singapore areas and many crucial heights about 30 heights they have captured and the rest is classified. 12 September India captures many posts near Kailash Mansur over also so the half of the it's determined and the reports are said that the Kailash Mansur position is also being under the position of India. Now as per the economic response we have taken is by citing the emergence nature of threat we have banned many Chinese origin apps, TikTok, share, whatever it is and further India trade deficit with China fell to 48.6 billion in 2020 to account in decline. Now what India has done that the Indian Prime Minister has stated that you must go atmanirbhav and started the policy of atmanirbhav Bharat so that the dependency on the Chinese should be get decreased. We have so much each and every we know that we cannot decrease the level of Chinese influence and implementation and technological level which is now in India but yes we can give them a hardship by decreasing the involvement in our gadgets and many other things. Our weather tension on the border as well as the COVID-19 pandemic is through the light of economic dependencies on China. Now the best thing is that as COVID-19 is considered COVID-19 pandemic is not a very it's a deal which was being given by the China to each and every country in the world that yes we are manufacturing awareness to get affected and then when you want a curable thing just to cure things then we will supply your medical equipments also. Now this is a very positive and a very profitable choice played by the Chinese but it was being think is that that India is the first country who has taken out this thing that something dependencies on the Chinese product and the quality which they are giving to us is not matchable. So what India has started is started manufacturing its own medical equipments and it's a very great opportunity and very great to know that that India became self reliant in many things. For example mass making, IV making and many other medical equipments which can there is a long list which we can discuss afterwards. So there is now the foreign direct investment from China's India has dipped to 1.63.78 million in 2020 for 2220 million to 1890. Now these are the maps which we want to discuss there is a situation which is going on in Galwan you can see in the map clearly that how things are pretty much taking place and why often players are by these areas are always in a height of conflict because the main reason for the Chinese inclusion is that China want to protect the economic corridor which was passing on the other side which was being as a thing which if it is get stopped and China may going to lose a billions of dollars economic goes into a billion dollar economic loss. So the main, we can say that the Lada means Lada standoff is because of this. Now the line of actual control at the Pong round test. First located there is a fingers point which you can see on the map. Here we have the base that China LSE China and other Indian parts. Here is the finger 4 point which was where heights are there which we have captured. Most of the heights we have captured again. Now come to the art topic that is Indian Myanmar, Thailand, tri-lateral highway, a strategic move to conquer Chinese aggression. Firstly we have discussed why these inclusion, why is the need of this steps to be taken by the Indian side to develop something and the improvement of technology. We have to look into some of the Chinese weaker point to counter him as fast as more aggressive as possible. Now the tri-lateral agreement with the view is present the futuristic strategic importance to tackle the aggression from the country who wanted to become a superpower by suppressing other through different strategy and showing number games in any army strength. Who's journalist itself doubt about the capability of full-fledged war with no one to support as a real friend. The Chinese diplomacy is under the verge of failure also because when you do not have the friends to support you you cannot go directly on a war with other countries. You must have some of the other backing with you or some of the other support with you that yes if you become a little bit weak or if you are losing in some of the other point there should be some of the real friend who can help you out in that by providing even by the manpower or by the tactical supports. Now the highway has become most bold move by the India so many years of independence that yes the India has this highway has also the most bold move which I want to consider is that because after so many years of independence we have not ever taken up any aggressive move against our enemies. But after that we are thinking in other slots also that yes we need something that yes we can counter the aggressive mode or aggression mode taken up by these other parties. In today's world traditional war in today's world traditional war certainly does not have a stake. What we used to have this in mind that always a war should be fought in between face to face manner. That's not a very good thing that war should the war strategy or the tactics should be now in the era of technology should be changed and should be modernized and the tactical war should be tactical war should be fought because if you want face to face is very a last inclusion last thing to be considered. First you have to find out the weaknesses of the other party or your enemy and the weaknesses you only going to find out when you move some tactic you use or implement new tactics tactics of war by inclusion of new technology new radars the construction take it have a friendship with the enemies of that country and develop their infrastructure and train them if you want to have a if there is a situation of a direct conflict then you can think that these these countries is going to have to have a backing in your war implementation and war going onwards. Indian Manawar Thailand travel is a highway constructed under India look East policy now I am going to discuss this India look East policy also that will connect Mora India and Mysore Thailand via Myanmar. Impal, Madema, Bangkok 55 kilometers, 34 mile route consisting of Impal, Mandalay, 584 kilometers, 367 mile and Mandalay Bangkok 131397 kilometers is a highway's good condition except from 101 part 124 long cover stretch being operated to two lanes in each direction total lanes for highway by the India. The road is accepted to boost trade and commerce in Asian India free trade area as well as with the rest of South Asia. India has laws also proposed extending the highway to Cambodia Laos, Vietnam and proposed 3200 kilometers road from India to Vietnam is known as the East West economic corridor. This highway will also connect to the major port developed along with the Bay, Kalyan, Kaimungi and Mova Chinwain river. India and Asia have planned to extend its routes to Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam as this connectivity generated annually an estimated US 70 billion US dollars incremental GDP and 20 million incremental aggregate employment by 2025. In India has offered 1 billion lineup of credit for the Indian Asian connectivity. Now the next part which I would like to discuss is and which includes in moment of this point is India acts East policy. Now the Prime Minister of India visited Thailand in 2019 for East Asia Summit and regional comprehensive economic partnership summit. The visit was intended for India to finalize the RECP trading. India expressed many concerns regarding signing of trade deal. There is an unfavorable balance of trade, non-exceptance of auto-triggered mechanism and protection of domestic industry dairy, steal lack of consensus and rules of origin etc. However, RPCC invokes strong economic linkage of India, South Asia and Israel which is the core of Indian act East policy. How act East policy is different from look East policy. Now we have to see the difference. Now look East policy focus on association of Southeast Asian nation in countries plus economic integration. Now India became the dialogic partner of Asian in 1996 summit level partner in 2000. In 2012 the relationship got up to upgraded into strategic partnership in 2012. The time when India launched look East policy in 1922, India trade and Asian was 2 billion. After signing the free trade in 2010 with Asian and trade grown to 72 billion. India is also active participant in several region forum like East Asia Summit, Asian region forum etc. Act East policy focus on Asian country plus economic integration plus Asian, East Asian countries plus security cooperation. Prime minister in India highlighted 4 C of act East policy, culture, commerce, connectivity, capacity building. Security is an important dimension of East act policy in a context of growing Chinese assertiveness in the South China Sea. The main motive in the context of growing Chinese assertiveness in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. Freedom on navigation Indian own role in the Indian Ocean is a key feature of act East policy. In person of this India has been engaged in the narrative in Indo specific and former group called Kwan. Now Indo Pacific region which we like to consider. In order to counter Chinese assertiveness in South China Sea and Indian Ocean, the Indo term Pacific gained prominence. The first time the term Indo Pacific was used by Chinese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in 2007. According to him it is connectivity between Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The main and main thing which needs to be taken up here is that each and every agreement signed between Indo and Pacific region is somehow or the same way is focused on the aggression which was being taken up by the China and the aggression move which was being built up by the Chinese political party at the Chinese Liberation Army. The main problem which each and all of these countries are facing nowadays which other these Japan, South Korea and other Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar. The thing is that whenever they want to execute anything, whenever they want to have anything in their region and the waters which they claim for so many years, the China objects. Objects with deterrence, objects with military, objects with economic, objects with each and every face which whatever they want to establish. However, the President of United States re-enovergrade the term Indo Pacific by EAS summit in 2007. Through then the cooperation to increase the cooperation with these countries and the US-India partnership that Malabar exercise was also being conducted. But it is a military exercise like Malabar also be conducted to increase the enforcement and increase the cooperation and to show that China that you are not the party, you are not anyone to tell any of these other nations that you have any deterrence policy and you can claim whatever you want to claim. Now dealing with China, India has to pop up with different strategies to China. That's true and you have to build up. On one hand China is encircling India through sterling of purse, building China-Pakistan economic corridor through disputed territory between India and Pakistan. On the other hand, China wants India to be on its side on issues like climate change, globalization, etc. Also India desires that its foreign policy or multi-alignment should not make China a principle of India being a member of anti-China alliance led by the US. It's always a thing which we must appreciate. India doesn't want someone to get disturbed with the policy or anything. But the thing is that now India has changed its policy that yes they have to maintain or they have to protect its interest whether it's in South China Sea or whether it's in Indian Ocean. Now tackling of China, first is a previous course dealing with China known as tackling with China. Just like China is showing us a certainness in Indian Ocean, India must increase engagement in the South China Sea, which India has started doing with this trilateral highway. And the increase of this highway will give a very very benefited return to India and also a benefitting reply to Chinese inclusion. In this context, India engagement with Quad Asian countries is set to the right direction. India and Vietnam are collaborating in oil exploration in South China Sea, where China has its claim of sovereignty. Now I would like to tell you something that Vietnam has given an ongoing setup to India that yes you must come dig oil with a cooperation with both the countries and also set up a permanent navy base or any trilateral base so that the Vietnam army do also get the opportunity to get trained and also to get the equipment which they need to counter the Chinese aggression. Similar to China developing ports in Indian Ocean, India with Indonesia is developing a port called Samang near the state of Malacca. Now, the China, it was mean a long long back, similar to China developing, that Indonesia and India are developing something is called state of Malacca. And one more project is being constructed in state of Malacca between China and Thailand. But it's a stake of Indian diplomacy that Thailand has cancelled all the projects related to state of Malacca with China. And it was been recently done by the Thailand government because China has a very, very, very dirty policy of holding a debt to a country, a policy of debt country where they used to control each and everything, workforce, economy, economic investment, everything. And then they are going to give you the bill that yes you have this bill now you pay, you need to pay off in this much amount of years. And this is going to give them the, and this is the policy where the victim country not able to get that yes that much of quality have been installed in that project or not. It has been betrayed or not because they have a huge amount of bill in front of them and now they are going to start facing the economic crisis. And that time, China started blackmailing them, started restricting their economic benefits. And if you want to see the right example of this, then you must consider the China-Maldives policy. Maldives is a country and one more that is China and Mauritius. Both these countries have been installed the Chinese project, they have been the contract to the Chinese project and now they are facing the hazardous economic situation. And now they are running towards India that yes you must pay our bills because we do not have that much of capability or money to pay so much of debt. Now India being in such a position that now the pandemic situation is also going on. Still India had the Martian and Maldives government with some of the amount of the installments payable to the Chinese government. But does this policy is going to be very beneficial for India? Yes in some other way. India do can take some profits from these countries as setting up some projects or giving a business opportunity to these countries so that they can invest or have a workforce exchange programs with India. And recently the Indian Prime Minister screwed an Indo-Pacific Ocean Initiative, save a secure stable maritime domain. Now the Manchin domain is also a very important thing to stabilize the economy. If you have a look, if you see the map of the world, we always see that if we want to go somewhere in the South China, if we want to do some business in the South China Sea. Now we have to go around all these countries and move then we are able to move at the point of South China Sea. We need to cross all these Laos, Cambodia and each and every country then only we can move towards South China Sea on the outer part, outer crossing. But if we develop a maritime domain or if we develop something what we call as canals in between, ship canals in between these countries. Then we can have a more quicker way of doing ease of business and the ships and many large containers can move very easily in between these countries through the way of river transport or through the canal transport. Which India has proposed to the Thailand also to come to face this. Now the tri-lateral highway path through part of Look East policy. It's a part of Look East policy. Now it will link to countries like South Asian countries and land give a boost to trade business, health, education and tourism ties among the three countries. It's a thing that it will felicitate the education, tourism, trade, business, health thing in this whole region. Now it will connect Mora, India, Mato, Thailand via Myanmar. We have already discussed this and it is going to be a motor vehicle agreement along with protocols for regulating facility moving cargo and passenger vehicle traffic is under intergovernmental negotiation between India, Myanmar and Thailand. Now what you need to know is that why this is so important for India as well as Myanmar as well as Thailand. Now this construction of road it's a full land road if it gets constructed. Now the boost of economy these three countries are going to get is much and much larger what they are right now doing. The business what they are right now doing. Now the thing is that whenever there is a road connectivity, the development of every face of that road and the area belong to that road is high boosting and gets an equivalent opportunity to get developed. And the approachment of quality of the product gets much easier. Now we have to know this how it's going to counter the China. The main focus of today's topic how it's going to counter the China. The thing is that whenever there is a road connectivity, you can easily move crews from one place to another. And secondly, when as India has with both these countries and these both both these countries are also facing Chinese aggression one or the other part. Now how they are going to get benefit of that Indian government had proposed that they are going to develop institutions, military training facilities and other things so that these both other countries and other Asian countries who wants to join the in this collaboration trilateral this highway do also get the benefit of this. Now the National Highway Authority of India is appointed as a technical executive agency projecting management consultant. It will also fall in however approximately 1360 kilometers 815 miles. Now other countries like Indonesia, Laos, Cambodia, Philippines and most surprisingly Taiwan also want to join hands with shown their interest in this agreement. As India has opened this agreement for new partners and they are even ready to give birthing rights to Indian Navy and infrastructure establishment to Indian Air Force and Indian Army if everything goes well. The thing is that these countries all are facing the main problem is Chinese inclusion in their life or Chinese deterrence. Now how they want they want some other countries some big country who has the potential to fight on the fight with this Chinese inclusion to be on their side. We can say that US is doing US is US is also there was doing the same thing but these countries want some someone with the most more and more trustworthy person. So they have switched over to India that rather going with an agreement or something or the other with the US or US policies makers also. Because India gains more and more benefiting projects than the US. So there's a slight shift in the leadership in these Asian countries these regional countries the South Asian countries. South China surrounding countries want that India should be the leader and we must follow them. Now South Korea and Japan want to establish a permanent sea road link under this agreement. These both countries have a very good relationship with India. And now they want that if this whole highway gets completed till that time then they have a very good opportunity to establish a permanent sea road link. So that their cargo which takes so long to reach Indian sea force and the business to reach the Indian sea force they can be easily transported from one place to another. This project will boost trade and commerce in the Asian India free trade area as well as with the rest of the South Asia. Now question must be raised whether trilateral have only have trade or business and entertainment motive. Yes we can say that but it has much more than a only trade and business announcement motive. Here India wants that some or the other thing must be developed other infrastructure project must be developed in these friendly countries. So that whenever there is the point when there's a direct conflict or India wants some profitable things from these countries. So on some inclusion or South China Sea also in not an inclusion but a profitable gain in the South China Sea. Then they have this trilateral or the more this extent of this trilateral have it will be helpful to. Whether that said most of sufficient to counter Chinese aggression. No it cannot be sufficient to counter Chinese aggression because the Chinese aggression is not such such a small thing which we can have which we can counter with this small scale project. We have to think more and more. We have to install more and more projects we have to develop more and more infrastructure alongside border so that the movement of troops movement of other materials can be done more and more easily and more and more effective. Whether it's a move to counter Chinese economic corridor. Yes it's a move to counter Chinese economic corridor because China wants to encircle and trap India in this Chinese economic corridor because if it encircle the India it can control the Indian maritime trade fair. And once the China started controlling this economic thing then India is under a very high risk very high risk of losing economic as well as many important position in this sea also in the many areas of land also. Whether India has a profitable interest in South China Sea. Yes it has a profitable interest in South China Sea as India is right now is in the cooperation with Vietnam to have an oil rig to set up an oil rig and also set up a other mineral enhancement thing and extraction things in the South China Sea. Now whether India is playing a war game against India or China I think so we can say that it's a war game against China but really if India wants to really implement and really get succeed in this war game then India has to develop its potential and its capability and lessen out their dependency on Chinese things. Whether faster mobility and greater accessibility makes army deployment easier and more efficient yes we can say we have seen this once the road connectivity has been properly installed in the Dalakma region and other Ladakh also we have seen the much easier mobility and greater accessibility of the Indian army to this region and once this project which we are right now talking about this also gets completed Indian army can Indian army and Indian forces can have a much greater deployment and accessibility in these regions also who needs are greater help to and seeing as a worrying as a way that yes India should be a leader of our leader and must represent these countries in the world forum against the Chinese. Whether training equipment militaries of this country come under the Indian military future strategic thinking yes Indian military has changed these thinking of the future strategic that's a very good thing which India has done which needs to be done much earlier but yes India has turned the policy of the futuristic thinking as strategic thinking and equipping and training these countries military is going to help India also as whenever there is some requirement of manpower or requirement of any help from these countries these countries can also work as a push up or as a backup point for India to reply any of the Chinese inclusion or anything. The inclusion of new countries affected the Chinese aggression is created burden on Chinese diplomacy. Yes that we can say that the Chinese diplomacy is under a very very downfall right now because many of the countries are now against him after this pandemic situation has been raised. And the second leader aggression and the difference thing which the Chinese are showing right now is totally a self destructive thing which the Chinese diplomacy is on the board because if you keep on doing these types of tactics one tactics this tactics can be cannot be a long term tactics they can be used as a short term but cannot be a long term. But what you are going to do is that you are going to create a long term enemies then short term weaker than a deterrent victims. So the India need to change the policy need to change the upbringing and need to counter more effectively to the Chinese aggression and to the Chinese stability and Chinese cross section. Now if you have any question I am ready to answer. Thank you so much for your very informative lecture sir. Now the forum is open for questions. Questions starts powering in. I just want to share something with all of you and with our respected sir also. On one hand we have we have been executing the policy of act is to look into act is and we have constructed this project a very great project called the friendship road that actually shows the ambitions of India the strategic ambitions economic ambitions. But on the other hand if you take a look at what China is doing with Nepal they have also constructed one friendship road that connects Kathmandu with Lhasa. At the same time China has been involved in road and belts initiative with Pakistan and as you know advocate Chaturvedi you rightly mentioned that one of the reasons of the standoff is also to protect the economic interest of China. So I am just wondering that how long will it go like this. On one hand China is economically influencing us. On the other hand China is taking all the possible steps to militarily challenging us and we are giving counters you know. At the same time China is having its own internal problems also the problems of you know the Tibetan autonomous region that is the problem of Xinjiang the Yogyu population. So basically China is also not that I should say you know the way it has been projected that the Chinese dragon or something like that. China has serious internal problems also. So considering all the possibilities and considering all the economic culture and political dynamics how do you see the future of China. Not only just in the context of India but also in the context of the Southeast Asia the South Asia as well as the Europe. What would be your take on it. See as per the policy is considered and what China is playing the game. I don't think that they are going to survive for very long. But what they can they are only playing the number games. As per the war is considered they are on the military the size of the military is much greater. And there may be their capability of firing power is under a caution but their numbers are increased. So they are actually if we think of a historical perspective they are working on the policy of deterring. Not so deterring but yes we can have that much of a thing. But as per the future is concerned of this deterrence policy I don't think that China is going to move this policy in a much higher way. Because now the country is getting aware of the Chinese policy and they are switching and cutting off the Chinese projects. And also moving towards other more profitable and more beneficial projects which was being offered by the Indian counterparts and the US counterparts. So we can say that the diplomacy which was being played by the China and right now and what they are planning to do in the future also is not going to help them very well. It is going to create more enemies that's true but when they are going to a verge of fall down there is no one is there to help them. Thank you so much. Yes Dr. Krishnan do you have any question? Yeah I have a question. Business infrastructure part of it. Do you think that India or Prime Minister Modi is considering Myanmar and Thailand are part of the Northeast policy to look into the resource aspect like coil and also to look into insurgency aspect. Because both Myanmar as well as Thailand are also affected by the insurgency aspect of it. Do you think that Modi is using these two countries as part of the Northeast policy to counter insurgency as well as China? Sir if we can consider this as Modi's policy to counter the insurgency against these Thailand and China that Myanmar and Thailand if we consider we can say that the Modi's policy of aggression yes it's a part of but as per the oil and other things are considered as yes we can say that it's a profitable thing we can go for the profitable thing. But right now the main focus in the Chinese inclusion we are right now not thinking that yes we can take out some profitability of oil and something else. We are having one project with Vietnam but not very development project of oil and something with these countries right now we are much involved in infrastructure development rather oil and other profitable things. Okay so his question was whether the Chinese policy or rather the counter policy that the government of India has developed to counter the Chinese aggression will it have any impact on the dynamics of the Northeast? I'm sure you must be aware about the issues that the Northeast has been facing since last 60 years. So maybe Dr Krishnan wanted to ask that question whether this the Chinese policies and our counter to that right whether will it have any beneficial influence on the area of Northeast like for example if you could take a report taken out by one parliamentary committee especially in connection with this Myanmar friendship road. Okay it has specifically mentioned about the economic development of the Northeast Corridor the chicken knit corridor right so what is your take on it? Surely it's going to develop the Northeast side and the inclusion which right now the economic corridor which is being made is from Delhi to that Northeast also covering the Northeast portion also. So we can take that yes this is going to develop the areas which are not which always been neglected by the Indian governments for so long. And also we can have a better infrastructure development and the road connectivity issues will be get resolved as in many areas of the Northeast are still not under the railway connectivity and other airports connectivity is still under not in a very good way we will consider as a very better manner. So we can think that yes this will be a move to develop these regions also but simultaneously we can also say that the development always comes when there is a implementation of things. As per the Modi government is considered the economy part of the Modi government is not right now is not in a very good state. And what they are planning and what they are implementing is having some conflict with each other also. Once they plan they implement and after that they are shortage of funds and everything. So the main issue which they are facing is also that the implementation is there but economically their implementation is not so helpful related to that. As per the policy of the Modi government is good but we cannot say it is better or it has to be dependent on the future that whether this is going to really help us out or not. Right right right thank you so much. Here I can see Dr. Devrata Sutradhar is also there. He has done some research work on Balder hearts. Dr. Devrata do you want to ask any question because you have done one research on Balder hearts. Actually I was also thinking regarding when the policies of the Lucas policy has come into being when it comes to the economic development the Balder hearts are going to play an important role. So do you want to ask any question to Advocate Chaturvedi if you are there? Dr. Devrata are you there? Okay maybe my voice is not reaching to him. Okay one question is coming up I guess okay. Our own Avivadee madam her question has come she is asking thank you sir it was an enlightening presentation loaded with lots of information. I just want to bring a quick interjection do you agree that India lacks a full-fledged long-term policy with neighboring countries particularly the South Asian and South Asian countries. I do agree with you that Chinese have played a dirty politics around the South China Sea and on the other side I assume India failed to build trust with neighboring countries. What is your take on it? As per the things that India lacks the full-fledged long-term policy it totally depends on the will and will on the government that how much they want to take this policy. I know that there is some instances that very big instances is right now in front of us when we consider the Charbar thing that firstly we are shown so much of interest in the development of the Charbar port and everything. It depends on the opportunity to other sides also to have an inclusion or have a take on some opportunities on the project which was being left by the India. Which if you see the Mardis and Mauritius things also when Indian companies stop investing in these places then only the Chinese influence get increased. And once the India again started supporting hand towards these countries like Chinese inclusion gets automatically death decreased. Because we have a more if we can if we consider we have a more trustful hand but as per the policies considered we cannot say that yes we have a long term benefiting policy or other things. Once the government changed we come up with new thoughts and there is a very bad thing which is going on in India that the previous governments never give a very good and what we call it as importance to the project installed by the previous governments. Right right I really do agree with you to some extent because if you take an example of the history of India's foreign policy that starts with Pandey Jawaharlal Nehru. Right from the incident happened of eBay being taken away by China till this you know the contested standoff. I guess we have we have come really a long way. Okay but unfortunately the strong foundation that requires to be let down. Alright that foundation have not been let down and on the in this context I want to quote something just give me one minute and I'll quote something. This is one of the quotes that Dr. Br. Ambedkar quoted and it was a direct criticism to Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru's China policy. Here Dr. Ambedkar quoted in one of his speeches that the Prime Minister has been depending upon what may be called the Panchashill taken by Mr. Mao and recorded in the Tibet Treaty of non-aggression. Well I am somewhat surprised that the Prime Minister should take this Panchashill seriously. The Panchashill as you serve know it well is the essential part of the Buddhist religion. If Mr. Mao had any faith in the Panchashill he would certainly treat the Buddhist in his country in a way different way. There is no room for Panchashill in politics and secondly not in the politics of a communist country. The communist countries have no morality. Today's morality is not tomorrow's morality. This is Dr. Ambedkar's word which turned out to be reality in 1962. So my question is that considering because in order to understand the present we really have to understand the past. And as you have rightly mentioned that we failed to lay down the strong foundation in terms of our Asiatic interest in terms of our China policy. We got so entrapped in non-alignment movement that our non-alignment movement is now deformed. Where is that non-alignment movement gone? It's boom. It's nowhere exist. So what is your take on it? I mean how badly we affected because of non-interest which has been shown by I would not say a previous government but the initial government right after the independence. We failed to give a proper structure to our India's foreign policy. Is it true? Do you agree with me? What is your take on it? See I can, if the foreign policy has been considered it's a policy of one, we cannot say that this policy can go forward as the one person has also asked. Whether this can, the foreign policy can be taken into a long term basis. See the foreign policy changes with the mood of the country. Many times we see that maybe the interest of many countries are there in some area or in some place. But as they lose that India, see India is not something that has to follow the old tradition that yes, friendship is a need and friendship is deep. So the thing is that India do have some profitable interest in some region and do switch its policy towards something else. It doesn't need to carry on things as a tradition which we are following for very long that the friendship should be carried whether there is a loss or whether there is a profit. This is not the way the main diplomacy is going to work. Now how things get changed? I have rightly quoted the Dr. B.R. Ambedkar thing. But the thing is that that only we are saying, the previous question we had just laid down that one road has been constructed in between Nepal and China. So Nepal is also facing the same thing that the communist government is taking a charge and charge as a ruling government and now they are favouring another communist government to construct the rule. Whether they are not concerned that there is a human cry in Nepal and India's people warning Nepal that you must listen to your people is going to create a civil war situation in your country. And maybe they are not listening and not working on that. So this is nothing that yes we have failed in some point we have failed to deliberately and have a long-standing relationship with other countries. But the thing is that we are living a world where the profit speaks the relationship. Your relationship when there is a profit then only your relationships goes on. And when there is no profit your relationships to get hampered. Because India is not such a position that they keep on donating things and do not get anything from the other country. Yes we can help them but in simultaneously we must get something either with the diplomatic support or either a land support or some of the mineral support. We can give them the room to have a special privilege but we cannot give them the permanent establishment that yes whatever you do will be considered as a long-term relationship and whatever you want to implement will be considered as a long term. We will keep on going on with you. Thank you, thank you so much. Is there any other question? Just in the period of January 2020 China had signed an agreement with Myanmar with regards to Belt and Road Initiative. That means it gives access to Indian Ocean as well as to get gas supplies from Persian Gulf side. So how would India counter the issues with China-Myanmar agreement because the state of Malacca also can be some sort of a tip of the balance between the two naval powers China and India. The thing is that as you have said that Myanmar has given us the roadway to China to establish an economic corridor or something like that. The thing is that the trust thing is considered. How much is this project is going to help the Myanmar is itself in a doubtful position in the Myanmar government. And Myanmar government is recently one telecast one press conference which was given an address by its foreign minister is that they are in a verge of rethinking the policy which they have implemented and come into an agreement with China because if we all aware of that one thing that right now the Chinese political party has started deliberately in human aggression against the Buddhist people. And now Myanmar and Thailand those who have this type of for very long age they have practicing the Buddhism in one or the other part. Now they need to rethink whether we are going with this whether we must go with this country who are keep on killing our sites or we want to restrain some other points. This highway which I am talking about is also a way because India is not that much doing in this project. You must complete it on time so that the new capabilities and new developments can take place because they want in some of the other manner they want to switch over from China. Because what they are facing is that Thailand also cancels two or three or four to five agreements with China because of same reason. Because whenever they ask for the technology transfer for transfer they deny completely deny and when they say how will we are going to if some of the other thing gets malpractice or something else how we are going to maintain it. Then they say you must ask with us we will come and maintain it. Now these types of policy, these types of arrangements and these type of thinking do take a second opinion and also initiate a rethinking whether these countries really want to initiate the project with China. Because we have seen as the Myanmar is considered the new the government has an opening hand with the Chinese counterpart. But again when they have asked related to the technology transfer and other things transfer they are in a very urgent first position because Chinese counterpart they are not able to give them the perfect answer that yes whether we are going to give you the technological advancement or other things or not. So we can say that yes India do have an upper hand and in future as in 2025 it was being considered as the date where when these this highways going to deliver us start delivering us with a better development infrastructure and everything. The date was 2025 is considered as the main thing. Now we have to see the future how much it is going to help us and the policy of India is going to help us because right now we cannot say as it's in a initial not an initial in the 80% completion position once this project gets fully completed. And we can say that yes as per the Chinese and Myanmar cooperation is there that yes in one way they are yes they are cooperating with them but in a second way they are rethinking on the policy related to Chinese involvement in their projects. Because as per the trust is there they are zero Chinese under a zero capability related to the trust making. Okay thank you so much as you rightly mentioned about you know the persecution of the Buddhist this is not I believe just a question of Buddhist people in China but also the Muslims as well as the Christians. The other day sir let me just share with you I was going through a report published by International Commission of Religious Freedom. This is an international organization based in the USA so basically what is happening in China is. It's not an international organization it's a commission of the USA I think so. But has an international appeal has an international jurisdiction yeah that makes it international. So according to that report the China is waging an unprecedented war on religion. So on one hand it is the Muslims the you know the case of book use war being persecuted. Second the Buddhist are being placed to allegiance to the Chinese Communist Party. And at the same time the Christians the Baptist Christians the Catholic Christians different denominations. They are course Christian churches to take down their crosses or to shut down. Now all these things are happening under state administration for religious affairs which was set up in 1951 when China was newly embracing you know the communism under Mao which allows five religious organizations to exist under the state's control. A party sanction form of Buddhism. A party sanction form of Taoism. A party sanction form of Islam. A party sanction form of protestantism and communist party sanction form of Catholicism. So this is what is happening in China this is what has been happening in China since 1951. Now since we are basically talking about taking strategic measures to counter the China and you as you rightly mentioned in the beginning of you know your lecture that we don't have to get into a conventional war. The strategy has completely changed. Now you have spoken about the road strategy you have also spoken about you know diplomatic measures but I want to draw your attention to this internal problems that China is actually inculcating for its own citizens. Can international community raise its voice against those issues because how long can China hide itself how long can the communist party of China hide itself behind the iron curtain and claim that it is their internal issue. I think the time has come for all of us to raise our voice in support in solidarity of those communities the Christian the Buddhist the Taoist who are being persecuted in the China. What is what is your take on it. See as for my take on this issue as a religious thing is considered and the religious the commission of religious freedom and this thing is considered. What my understanding is that China is deliberately moving towards any human nature on these religions whether it is Muslim is considered or whether Buddhist is considered and the other position is considered. See the main objective of the we must understand the main objective of the communist party which was rolling China. They are least concerned what you are following or what is your belief what you want to do what you want to consider. They are only only and only one thinking on their mind that they want to implement the communist rule. They want to delete each and every thing if they are so much concerned about the thing then this right now what the inclusion which we are facing right now from China which was not concerned about there's so much problems and everything religious and other problems and the inclusion which we are facing right now this there's no need of this inclusion if you are so much focus upon your own problems. And the rectification of your own problems and as for the commission you have just mentioned the reports of the commission on the other things it's mentioned. I somehow have a other view on the commission's report which was published by this US commission which I am going to have a discussion on you and some of the other. But as for the commission report is considered it was rightly said that yes some of these religious understanding and belief has been deleted by the communist party of the China Chinese Communist Party. Because when you have a belief you have an understanding and when you have a belief and understanding you you have started thinking in the outer page which they do not want to happen. And you started thinking on the outer page of what they want to project you then you must start raising questions. What we are what they what they are facing is right now is that people started questioning their policies. That's the main problem which they are facing. That's why many times this has been seen that many active activists which was been there in Muslim and Buddhist religion they are deliberately managed from the society in one or the other night. In the night hours and then we had abducted or killed in the night in a night group because China do not want any other person to think out of out of the box. What it projects also and what it says that whatever the party has the thinking it wants that the people should also have the same thinking. And what is going on Nepal also right now Nepal is also facing this type of communist nature and what the government wants to think then that only people wants to think. And in both the countries there is nothing we can have a redressal against the government because if we talk about the China Chinese policy you cannot have any sort of redressal. If the government declares you that you are not capable or you are not so much possibly part of the Chinese community then you cannot do anything. You do not have any place or any forum that you can go and say yes your rights are being hampered or your rights are being destroyed. So I think that's also an advantageous position for the communist party that there is no one to counter them and also there is no one to actually say that yes you are wrong in some way. See the thing is that you have raised a thing that we must come together all countries come together and started speaking related to the inclusion and the inhuman activity goes on on this region. But the thing is that we cannot compel China that yes you must follow this because China is standing at a verge that we cannot compel him to do something else. Secondly they have a communist type of thinking. You cannot change, you have seen in India also how much you have changed the communist thinking in India for last so many years still we are facing the communist thinking problem in the democratic rule. So how you can take out a second view that Chinese who has been governed by so long by the Chinese by the communists will change into a turn itself into some of the other policy on the other governmental ruling. The thing is that we must understand is that is all the commissions and all the international organization which we are right now is there. We do not have any implementation policy and when you have whom you are countering we must also see this. How you can bring a resolution against the person who is the permanent body in the UN? How you can bring a resolution against the permanent body in the UN? China is going to never accept that yes it is going to always counter that yes or use its veto power against it. So that these organizations are unhelpful or not able to help in a full flesh because the governing council which was there, the 5-6 countries governing council which was there, China is the part of the governing council and whenever any movement if it is so easy and now till now in India must have become the permanent member of UN. Now the policy to get changed as these organizations can only work, these organizations only have an upper hand and it is a critic on this organization also that they only have an upper hand where the country does not have a permanent status on the governing council because they can criticize very well these organizations if this commission is so well versed with the facts. There is also atrocities going on that religion, that Catholic and Protestants thing going on in the US also. If the society and the commission is so concerned about these things then they must mention that also in their report but they are not mentioning. Secondly, Russia in Russia we are facing another problem that Muslims think that Muslims will be treated as the terrorist. Russia has given this opinion and its policy has been now has been diverted towards Muslim community, the aggression policy because Russia is also becoming a victim of terrorism. So now they have changed the total policy and said that the whole religion has a problem without seeing that the terrorist does not belong to any religion. Now it needs to see that yes these organizations do not have that much implementation that yes we can say that we can protest against them and protest with them against some of the other countries which has a permanent status in the UN. So first you have to think about the flexibility of this membership, permanent membership then only we can have an accusing power to these countries because see there is one I like to quote here there is nothing to do with the question you have. There is a problem which is there in Israel and US-Israel relationship when they have given a permanent status to something as this discussion is going on and 136 countries have voted against US on the issue which was being raised by the US in the UN general council given the permanent status as the jewellery is considered and what they have done is that they have in the UN it was UN general assembly where the press secretary the most lowest person which we considered as the deployment in the UN. That person has simply said in front of the around 126 countries that we will see when you are going to come in front of person or something that the vote has gone against US and Israel and the US press secretary standing in front of US all the countries and saying this sentence that we are the permanent members of the council remember this and we will when you are going to come in front of us to ask something or to get something we will rethink about your policy and other things. Whether we want to give it this this will be considered as the history that you have embarked and goes against us. So these things do get a little bit prosy and a little bit problematic when we are considered as per the protest against some country. Very elaborative very very nice answer. Thank you so much. I hope there are no more questions and it is also you know almost 4.30 we should conclude this program. So before we conclude this program I just want to remind you to kindly please fill up the feedback form that I have just shared with you and what is the take away from this lecture. Of course we have started with the friendship road that India has constructed as a strategic strategic barrier for China. But however one thing that we have understood that the situation is not really the way what we understand right on one hand the China has been continuously increasing its influence. On the other hand India is also you know deliberating upon to what extent it is able to create its influence in the international platforms. On one hand China has its internal issues. On other hand China is also a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. And as Sir rightly mentioned that at this juncture you know it is it is practically it's very difficult for the world to tackle the power of the dragon. But at the end as I always believe whether it is a communism or whether it is any sort of injustice which has been incurred by the China. They will always have to pay the price and that price will be ultimately a conclusion of the justice. So thank you. Thank you so much for the participation. Thank you so much advocate for your time. Thank you so much for your questions. We will meet again. Thank you so much. And this lecture has been recorded. It will be on YouTube very soon. Thank you so much. Have a great evening.