 Vaccines have been one of the most successful medical interventions in recent history, saving millions of lives annually. However, there remain many diseases that cannot be prevented by vaccination. To address this issue, scientists have developed novel vaccines based on protein nanoparticles, which contain multiple copies of antigenic proteins in order to mimic the natural host pathogen interaction. These nanoparticles have shown promise in preclinical studies and could lead to more effective and safe vaccines in the future. This article was authored by Jacinto Lopez Sagacita, Enrico Molito, Rino Rapuoli, and others.