 What are fundamental rights? So fundamental rights are basic rights that are given by the constitution of India to the citizens of our country. And the difference between fundamental right and a legal right is that they are protected by the supreme court and high court of our country. Whenever a citizen is agreed, they can directly go to supreme court for the remedy. So these are inalienable? No, so they are not inalienable rights. There are certain conditions which are mentioned in the constitution itself and to just make sure. Okay, you are right. Article 20, what are the conditions under which Article 21 right to life and personal liberty can be taken away? To maintain our security and sovereignty, integrity of India, public order, health, morality and... Are these the grounds for taking away Article 21? Sir, Article 20 and 21 per se cannot be taken by... What you said was these are the grounds under Article 19-2. So they cannot be taken away. These are the grounds that specified... Restricted. That is my absolute right. Okay, what are the... how Article 21 can be restricted? Sir, when national emergency can be under Article 32, Article 20 and 21 cannot be taken away. They are in any circumstances but Article 19... Okay, you are not getting the question. Is Article 21 absolute? Sir, Article 21 is not absolute. So what are the limitations to... Sir, the conditions I earlier mentioned... What is preventive detention? Because preventive detention is when anybody is arrested by the police before the commitment of crime. And the crime has not actually happened but it is in the minds of the state or the police that a certain person... They are liable to commit because of their... because of some past offenses they have done. Okay, and what is due process? So due process of law means that the law itself must be fair and it is not like the procedure established by law. Whatever is given in the law, we are bound by that only. But the due process of law maintains that law itself must be fair and just. So when we talk of due process of law, primarily which article of the constitution we are referring to? Sir, in the due 21 article, sir. So it can be taken away by due process of law. Which was the case? Which established due process of law. Sir, Manika Gandhi case versus Union of India. In this Supreme Court established... Okay, okay. What is judicial review? So judicial review is... So whenever I are executive or legislature passes or takes any step, then the matter can go before court. And court may analyze it on the basis of constitutionality. And it may render it ultra virus of the constitution on the basis if it... And what is judicial activity? So judicial activism when judiciary steps into the domain of executive or legislature from their task which is primarily the task of legislature or executive. But when judiciary itself steps into that domain. So for example, the cleaning of Taj Mahal was... Okay. Can you... Taj Mahal, do you know what is TTZ? It's a TTZ. Taj Stepasian Zone. Okay. Can you tell us about some of the salient features of right to education? So salient features of right to education acts... First of all, every student in the age of 6 to 14 must get free and compulsory education by the state. And so apart from that in private education institutions, 25% of the seats must be reserved for underprivileged sections of society. And so it also provides for the toilet facilities for students, for girls, children especially. And so in every... In particular distance of every hamlet or village... Okay, we were right. Why was it adultery? It was an offense. Yes, yes, yes. It has been decriminalized as well. So because Supreme Court realized that as per adultery law, a man can take into the... Basically in a police station maybe. Because the other man had relations with his wife. So Supreme Court realized that this law makes women as per the property of men. And female cannot let her husband be convicted. If he is involved in adultery. So it was against the right of equality also. So the wife cannot file a case? Yes, the wife cannot file a case against her husband. Okay, thank you. You take interest in badminton? Yes, sir. Do you play badminton? So sometimes initially during my school days and my college and during my company also used to play this a lot. So since I have been preparing for student services, a habit has been a little broken, sir. So student service takes you away from your... Sir, it demands quite a lot of dedication, sir. But sir, yes, rather than playing badminton, I have been involved in walking and normal programs. Name? Some prominent badminton players of India, both girls and men and women. So women, Jwala Gupta and Saina are prominent players from India. And... Some other, some other. Sir, may I kiss you? Thank you. Sir, a male, sir, Prakash Padukone. Again you are going to 1980s. Yes, because he got the highest badminton player award from... He had been ranked black once in a while. But grounded also, you have been good player. Yes, sir, actually. Pamela Gopichand is also... Gopichand, yes, and then... Sir, apart from that I am not able to remember anything. Not following that? Yes, sir. Are there any news papers? Yes, sir. Regularly? Yes, sir. Okay. This PV has got some contract? Sir, recently there was Indonesian finals game. Very contract. Contract? So regarding advertising... Yes, she has got many contracts. No, no, just recently. Some 50 crore from the Chinese part. You see, I just wanted to test whether you are reading newspaper or not. And because you are a badminton... Yes, sir. Okay. Delhi pollution. Yes, sir. What are the causes of pollution? Pollution of air pollution in Delhi. Sir, the major cause is the air vehicular emissions. Sir, apart from that construction dust, there are many garbage dumps which we can see at so many places in Delhi. They are burnt right away. Sir, apart from that the rice stalks which are burnt in Punjab and Haryana after the harvesting season. So the geography of Delhi is such that these emissions come from those states to Delhi and due to low air pressure it gets intensified over here. And it just does not move and appears as November smooth. Okay. Geography is your option, isn't it? Yes, sir. What was the need for the second green revolution? It's never been a revolution. We had a green revolution. Yes, sir. We attend also self-sufficiency programs. Yes, sir. So what was the need for the second? Sir, first green revolution was primarily active in Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh and some parts of Andhra Pradesh also. So, sir, many parts of India did not gain much from it and they still live in poverty. And so Punjab and Haryana gained very much in the per capita income of these areas is very good. So, having the opportunity. That is one of the reasons. Yes, sir, that is one of the reasons. Sir, apart from that this has in organic farming also, because the overuse of pesticides and fertilizers tend to make food unhealthy for the consumption and the second revolution has such tendency to go towards organic farming and is more sustainable. Sustainable agriculture, sir. Because of salinity of the soil in Punjab and other things. That aspect also you have to say. What else? Sir, groundwater levels are also declining. So, for water consumption also and population to feed the growing population of the country. Lot more options. If it covers more crops. Yes, sir. Particulture also. Foods and vegetables and pulses. Yes, sir. So, you are true. Because you are a geographic student. So, you have to all laugh. Demographic dividend. What is demographic dividend? So, demographic dividend means taking the population of the country. We have a young cohort, sir. India is a young country in sense that nearly 40% of the population comes into young cohort. And, sir, taking advantage of them in the economic growth or development of the country. If you are a geographic student, it has a particular definition. Why it is called dividend? Not young cohort. You know, you don't go by these jugglery of words. Yes, sir. In geography there is a terminology for this. Working age group. Yes, sir, exactly working age group. So, what does it say? So, it says that the working age group must be having human capital. So, as to contribute in economic development of the country in a positive way, sir. No. They do not become a burden on the nation. It is like this. The working age group population in India, 15 to 59, we have to answer this. How much? 60%. More than 60%. So, the dependency level is less. Less people in the above system. Yes. So, the dependency is less. That is why they say dividend to the next one. Yes, sir. But how some critics say that it is not a real dividend. Why it is said so? Sir, it is said so because there are many problems. There is problem of skill development and optimum education, optimum job opportunities also. And so, due to the mismatch in skills and the job opportunities offered in our nation. So, we are not doing that. You mean to say that means there is a lot of jobs but because skills are not there, they are unemployed. So, yes, there are certain jobs in industry sector. Yes, sir. Because of skills they are not there. But you mean to say there are enough jobs? Sir, no. What is the unemployment? So, recently the unemployment survey came from National Statistical Commission. It has said that unemployment rate is at the highest in like last 45 days. It is at 6 percent. Yes, sir. Otherwise also, how many young population entering into job market every month or every year? Do you have any idea? Million. One million every month. Yes. So, 12 million say a year. Yes. Okay. So, they are not getting job and there is not skill. Yes. So, because of lack of this, this is going to be demographic disaster. Some people say. Yes, sir. What are the ways out? So, first of all is a skill programs which is currently happening in our government only. Skill program should be industry oriented. So, first of all is this. The second is basic education in school level. So, recently ASR survey also came out. It says that even basic education level of children is not up to mark. So, investments need to be done in that sector also. And so, apart from that. Job opportunities. So, job opportunities need to be created exactly. Okay. Thank you. We have information technology as a subject in VTEC. Yes. And you are going to be asked. And after some IT related questions. What is this digital wildfire? Digital wildfire. Yeah. And what about this fake news? So, fake news is any news that is widely circulated on social media. It tends to be a rumor. But sir, it spreads at so fast rate due to the speed of and availability of social media. That is digital wildfire. Okay, sir. Missile information. Fake news. These are the problems. Okay. Now, IT. There are various IT products. Smart phones and all these are there. What do you think is the major problem now? As far as the society is concerned. Not the economical society is concerned. Now this, what tell me two problems which are really immersed up late in the IT sector. Because of this. Social media. Yeah. Yeah. Like I said, social media is also bringing out the fake news, misinformation. Sir, but on societal level, what are its damages? Yeah. So, first of all, it brings high individualism in society. So, people, families are kind of getting apart from each other. People are spending more and more time on their cell phones. Even children of younger age, they spend hours playing. And so, Facebook, this is the second point. So, more and more people are getting into a show of kind of life. They are not actually involved in some affairs. But this also creates pressure on our society. And it has become a major cause of stress and depression among the young populations. So, these are two problems that is social media is coming right now. Very good. Moving on. There is digital payments. How do you define digital payments? So, digital payment is a payment which takes through online platform. It is not actual money transfer but e-payment. No, it is defined under which act or which rules or laws. Okay. So, this is financial systems law by RBI. I am not exactly sure. But there is financial settlements, payments, settlements, laws, something like that. Yes, payment settlements. So, the regulatory is RBI. Yes. Somebody has taken some money from the account. Yes, sir. Right? So, what is the relation available to you now? So, RBI has recently circulated that whenever money gets out from an account, to any unfair means, I need to tell my bank about it and inform them. And the bank has been mandated by RBI to take the accurate steps within a timeline. If the money has gone out of my account and I was not involved in it at all, then it is the responsibility of the bank itself to take proper steps and address them. So, what timeline do you have to? So, for three days, I think sir. Three days and seven days. Yes. Three days for me to plug in my bank and seven days for... But three days for something like that. Okay. Any other regulations that we have got for safe digital payments? Sir, regarding RBI steps, I am not aware. The enforcement, the PTA, the postal enforcement. Even if they are, you know, they are dispute within the bank and you... They will decide this. Okay, now moving on again to geography. How many postal states do you have? Sir, should I just name them because... No, they are the same number. Three, four, five, six... I have got more than that. Twenty, twenty, fifteen... No sir, they are more than ten, I guess. Sir... Nine. Okay, nine. Now, what is the contribution of these postal states? The country is leading me in this service, the contribution to population. Okay, so these postal states... Sir, I have to tell about their contribution regarding comparison to others. India's GDP is X. India has... How many states? Sir, sir, I am really too nervous right now, sir. Okay, okay, don't worry. India has X number of states. Out of that, nine are postal states. So, these nine postal states contribute to India's GDP some amount. And also to population. Sir, their contribution to GDP is much higher as compared to their population. Sir, because they serve as a major centre for trade. And sir, because states like Maharashtra, they contribute very much to Tamil Nadu. They do major ports like Chennai, Polkata and Mumbai also. Even Gujarat and so on. So, their contribution to GDP is very high in regarding to their... with respect to their population. Because population mainly is in North India. So, in the states like in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, they are highly populated in India. So, their contribution is somewhat greater than that. So, nine states contributing so, to GDP, the rest, Punjab, Haryana, they don't contribute. Sir, Punjab and Haryana, they also contribute. But Punjab is majorly called in agriculture, sir. And Haryana has Guru Granth, which is a major contributor to its GDP, sir. Okay, fine. Last question. In electronics, are we in net importer or exporter? Sir, we are net importer. What can you do? What purpose or strategy should you advocate for making it a net exporter? Sir, actually, when I was in my college, I also noticed that the research options in colleges are missing. And the kind of learning should be made towards the... more creativity should be involved in that. More research labs should be opened in our country. So that more and more... I think we get a good sound skill set of the electronics industry. Sir, apart from that, jobs should be created and industries should be incentivized by the government to... Skills. ...skill answer. Okay, thank you. Now, how do you look at the state of the Indian economy back now? Sir, Indian economy, it is the fastest growing economy in the world. Sir, after initial hit job for demonetization. That's all, Indian economy, no problems? No, sir, they are... I'm just saying that the growth level is fine. But sir, with regard to job creation and the inclusiveness, there is some... Can you identify some of the macroeconomic indicators? Then I think we can discuss how... It's a macroeconomic indicator, sir, such as inflation. Inflation is under control. That's how to control, right? Yes, sir. Fiscal deficit is another macroeconomic indicator, sir. Is that under control? It's under control. Sir, right now, if we go, shoot up to 3.4 percent. We have already built the... Yes, sir. We have already built the... Yes, sir, we have built the... Yes, sir, we have built the... Yes, sir, we have not been able to contain it below 3 percent. It is... So, how are we able to... In the coming months, with the results around the corner, it's likely to... Over-shoot. Yes, sir. And what about others? Are there any indicators? Sir, the trade deficit is another indicator, sir. Oil prices can also be... Current account deficit. Current account deficit. Current account deficit. Yes, sir. That is... Acceptable or not? Sir, it is acceptable, sir. Current account deficit. No, it is not. It is... It is already about 2.9 percent of GDP, which is very high. And that has come because of the oil prices. Oil prices. Last year. So, any other indicators? So, growth rate, GDP, growth rate. Exports and imports. But again, this model is stagnating. Exports are stagnating. Last, latest month, we have got is only about... Half a percent rate of growth. There are... Crises. Issues. Yes, sir. But it's good. Even... Forex results... Not much. Yes, sir. China has... Last one year, I think... We are hovering around for 100 billion dollars. Yes, sir. China is improving. Yes. Okay. How are you doing on the ease of doing business? Sir, our ease of doing business... We have climbed on it. In 2014, our ranking was 100 and 30 something. But now we are at 77 rankings. What has contributed to this increase? Sir, the steps taken by the government has contributed to that. Also, steps such as faster construction performance, faster climate clearance, GST production of GST. Anything else? Anything else? Yes, sir. Exit? Exit option? Yes, sir. There is insolvency, bankruptcy, and the steps are being taken so that... Which are the areas... We are still lagging behind. So enforcement of contracts, we are lagging behind from that. Anything else? Another is environment clearance. Land acquisitions, it also takes some time, so the environment clearance is also sometimes. Labor laws? Labor laws are also not flexible, sir. Has anything been done to improve the labor law? Yes, a recently draft labor law was enacted by a labor minister and they were introduced. So right now, they are not being passed as such. But these labor laws take care of the flexibility. One of the... There are four labor courts. Yes, they have a page code bill and they are... One of them has already been in South-Western and it has been introduced. Okay. State of Delhi. How do you describe it? Delhi is... Currently it is... It's a state or a government? So it's a government. But having a assembly? Yes, it's having a assembly. And how is the relationship between the political head and the left-wing government? So according to the candidates of high court, left-wing government is the actual administrator of Delhi. So there has been quite a tussle between them lately. Is there any constitutional provision which regulates this relationship? There is a constitutional provision but there is a 239 article 239. Last question. From a geographical point of view, how would you describe Delhi? So from a geographical point of view, Delhi is landlocked between some states. And because of that, it has become a major source of pollution. Pollution is a major problem because it is landlocked. So other states... Yes, can you let me describe? Yes, it is... So in terms of geography only? Yes. So it's a plain area? Earthquake. Earthquake... So it has its own fore-income, so it's very high. Yes, very important. Thank you. Okay. And LG and state government relations are controlled by 239 AA, right? Yes. You said High Court has given certain judgment. Yes. But after this, Supreme Court has also given a judgment. Yes, sir. Which overrides the High Court judgment. Yes. So what is the Supreme Court? What verdict it has made now? So Supreme Court has clearly differentiated between the responsibilities of left-wing governor and the chief minister. So Supreme Court has basically said that both of them have their different arenas of working and they should collaborate with each other in the proper performance of their duties. Basically Supreme Court said that whatever the provision has been made, whatever the arrangement has been made between left-wing governor and the CM, the powers of each of... So it has said that left-wing governor... I am not touching the core of the... What Supreme Court has said. Supreme Court says LG is supreme in three subjects. Yes. But since elected government... Since elected government... And it has to abide by the... He must listen to the advice of his ministers. Is there a jobless growth in India? Sir, it will be a little harsh to claim it as jobless. Opposition parties say it is jobless. The NDSA will know we have created X number of jobs. What is your assessment? So it will be a little harsh to label it as the jobless growth. Sir, there are lakunas. There are some areas of improvement, sir, which can be done. Sir, but labeling it as such that it is completely... We are waiting around the bush. You are circling the carriage. Like the red Indians circling the carriage, but you are not attacking the problem at all. You are only circling the carriage. Come to the point. Sir, I don't think that this is jobless. So why? Here are your arguments. Two or three arguments that you would consider it to be jobless growth. Difficult, huh? All right, all right. We move on to something. Information technology. One of the major initiatives is Digital India Program. And in Digital India Program, one was to create digital highways. Second was computer literacy, right? It is spreading computer. Third was connecting 250,000 village children with internet. So let's take this last village children. What work has been done? What remains to be done? Sir, this is the Bharatang program of the government. Sir, are there this... So nearly two point... Some two lakh panchayats have been digitalised. No, not the right one. I don't remember exactly. What is blockchain technology? Is India using it? So blockchain technology, it is used in making crypto currencies. And apart from making crypto currencies, it is network security. Don't circle around the courage. Come straight to the point. What does it mean? I'm not asking about crypto currency. Sir, it uses... It distorts information in blocks. Yes, it connects. And any change in one block is communicated to all stakeholders. Any change you make anywhere. That is the safety part. Are we making use of it or not? Sir, currently the blockchain technology is not very much in use. What is 5G? 5G is the next generation of internet connectivity, which India is planning to... Why is everyone talking of 5G? It's because of its exceptional speed and internet downloading speed and internet access speed. So it's very fast. Only because of its speed. Last year, the Amadhmi government said that they were allocating a lot of money for health and education and project. How much did they allocate? Sir, actually my... Are you aware of... You said something about basic education standards, not to the mark. Are you aware about... Two initiatives taken by the Delhi government in this respect for improving the reading ability and the math ability of class 3 to class 8. Two major initiatives which are very successful. Sir, in that context... Sir... Muniaan and Chonathi, these are the two initiatives. You read. Sir, actually my home state is Haryana, sir. I was born in Delhi and never been in Delhi. So sir, I was not able to prepare Delhi very much in detail. I'm not... So we close the matter here. And I'll give you a little feedback. Mostly you've been able to handle the situation. I see this interview. Most of the question in between will be based on your part. You write Delhi, therefore we started asking about Delhi. Sir, I was just born here because my mother was at my maternal aunt's home in Delhi. You still go home and preparing a little on Delhi also. The local issues and goals like you asked the programs are not very common. We have given you some very good inputs. Muniaan, Chonathi, LG's relationship and all of that. If at all, why should you put it sorry for them? Just read it. Your interview is more than a month away. Sir, I prepared that. And then Haryana. At some point you can let slip that you are brought up in Haryana. Then the interview will change to Haryana. But since you have written Delhi, prepare a little, a few things. Constitutional scheme, etc. Geography is another. That is information technology. We have asked you number of issues. Fourth is your... Extracurricular activities. Like badminton, etc. Then constitutional issues become very common. We have asked you number of issues. Constitution like Article 21. Fundamental rights significant. Significance you can use in math centres. Fundamental rights are essential for life, for protecting life, liberty and dignity of a citizen. Life, liberty and dignity. Limits to Article 21 you haven't said. You could not. Limits are death penalty? Yes. Is it a limit? Yes. Which means by due process of law if a court reaches the decision that a person deserves death penalty, then it is a... Or limits on liberty also through law. Law can apply, law can put restrictions on both life and liberty. It is not an absolute right. So there is another... Another is important judgments of the Supreme Court. We haven't asked you but time is short. But you must remember some important judgments of the Supreme Court. Geography is a very important subject. And lastly current affairs. In current affairs I suggest you should take care of some important issues which are pending before Supreme Court like law power and RC and companies and contracts etc. Read the newspaper perfectly. Read about Haryana also. About Haryana and... Don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our channel and press the bell icon to never miss an update.