 सबही को नमसकार आजके तोपिका विशह है हम लोग प्रदामणिश्रक्चन पर बात गज़्गे है हम लोग ये भी जान लिए थे खी प्रव्राम्टिन्च्र जुच्छन मोता मोता तीन प्रकार का है सिदनी आल्प्रसी की तीचींग मशीन में सब से भहले यह बात मिलती है जहाँ पर इस तरीके कारिक्रम की यह गय शिक्षा के शेटर में तकनीखी से जुडे हुए तो दी तम प्रोग्राम निस, प्रोग्राम निस्टॉक्षन तम सब से बहले कहां अस्तिमाल हुए तो यह मिलता है, हम को जाके दी तम प्रोग्राम निस्टॉक्षन बात में गय थी मडलप संब पहुषता लिया गया, कहासे फ़ोग भी वी प्चिनर जे पेपपर बी एप चिनर साब ने एक पेपर लिखा अं उनुस चृवन में क्या नाम ता पेपर का यहां से इसका उदबाव हूँँए, प्रोगराम्झी उन्स्व्ष्ट्ख्टिन का तो अगर अम इसके ताइप्स दिखना चाहें, प्रकार दिखना चाहें, तो हम, जन्रली यही जान्ते है ना, कहा से चाटने अफके भीईवर को कैसे शेप करने है, कहा पे पनिशमें देना है, कहा रींफोर्स्में देना है. तो एक निष्चित दिशा निश्छी के वेवार को दी जा सकती. एक इस के तुईप अप्रेंण का निष्नीं के तुईप. अब हम जान लेगी कोँं से सद्डान तेंच्स के लेनियर प्रुविएश्डिदुर. अफके एक आईजुकेशन होई आईववर के आईवर के पेपर का बहुत ब्आद कुईष्चिन है, अप अप से लोगं क्छन है तो पूछते हैं? ये भी पूछते हैं. थो आप भादे सवर बवाडोंगे प्रठां से आपी जोर ना। तो ये पूछते हैं आपा. यह के अप जो है, श्तूडन जो है तेस्टी है, उसको पैस्विली नहीं बैठेख अगो, उसको आक्तिग़े रह्पडेगा तब ही आगे के फ्रेम पर जा आप आँगा. ॐ यह उब प्रुंसाःग लग सअ दोछ़ेंगी। तुरंद स्वाज् Nickelodeon ॐ आप दर रब था। लग सब वसे कै। तुरनत कुई। तुरन देना। उप्रिऊट्बैग रब तुरन देना। प्रूँप मैंगच विअद लोग तुछ़ेंगी। तेक्नुलोजी का इंक्लुजन करते हैं, अजुकेश्यन के शेट में, तो स्वत्तह इस में ये चेज जोड जाती है, कि हमारा पेश जो है, वो स्तूडन पेश के जाते हो जाता है, कि हम अपनी गती से चलेंगे, किसी और की गती का हम पर नियंटर नहीं होगा, और प्रन्सि� की बात गड़ें तो लीनियर प्रुएमिं ने कोन कोन से फ्रम होतें, चार तरीके के फ्रम ये बतारेनें, अपनी वारईच करेंगे, तीचिंची फ्रम ये आप अप उस तोपिको परहाएंगे, प्रक्तिस ख़ियंगे जिस पर उसका पूच उस की आप प्रक्तिस कराएंग चवल्टार संटर्ड की अई कुई तैखिया है कि आप ये रस्पोंज देंगे तो किस ख्रेंपे जाएंगे रोंग रिस्पोंज को तो कुई दीली निकिया जाएगे इसका मतला पुरा प्रुँग्रमर का कंत्रोल है उस्त ने इसको नाम दिया ता इंट्रिन्चिक प्रोग्रामिंग ब्रान्चिंग तो इसले हम ने इसको नाम दिया किस में ब्रान्चिस निकलाती है तो इंट्रिन्चिक प्रोग्रामिंग नाम क्यो दिया because here the learner within himself makes the decision to adapt the learning to his or her need because here the learner decides or his responses to choose which path he will choose then the principles see what were the principles of linear programming self-pacing, immediate feedback student testing, small steps these are the three principle of exposition, principle of diagnosis and principle of remediation this is based on all the wrong responses which the linear had left so since this is programming based on wrong responses this is based on diagnosis and remediation i.e. we will diagnose your weakness and then remedy it from exposition we will expose the whole concept first we will expose then we will find out the diagnosis where you are weak and then we will provide remedy these are the principles then see types of frames your zigzag is not going straight this is why branching programming there are two types of frames home page and wrong page home page will have teaching and diagnosis and wrong page will have remediation now see meaning of the concept definition, importance of the topic advantages and disadvantages test is going on till then you are doing wrong negative is going on, then again you are reading the concept and if it is positive then you are going to the other side if the response is negative i.e. when we give wrong answers then it takes us to that frame where we gave wrong answers its explanation is in some simpler language in simpler form so that you can understand it and then we will ask a question and if we give the right answer then we will go back to the frame thats why it is very zigzag and branching is involved thats why it is called branching programming so what are the assumptions based on which principles students learn better if he is exposed to whole content he says that configuration theory of learning is based on thats why he says that when you present a whole subject in front of him then students error helping diagnosis he says that when he makes a mistake then he will know where he is missing where he has not understood then learns better students learn better if remediation is provided he says that you provide remedy when you provide remedy then he will learn better last but not least students learn better when there is a democratic environment so this is what branching programming is after that what branching programming is responses are selected by the learner not by the programmer means whatever your response is the learner will select the programmer will not select the learner will select because he will make a mistake every person will not make a mistake so as soon as we are making a mistake the frame is coming in front of us thats why every learner does not follow one path thats why he is not a programmer but a learner then confirmation of correct responses provide reinforcement he says that when we give the correct response and we get the confirmation then we get reinforcement then wrong responses help in diagnosis of the weaknesses of the learner which are incorrect from there we get to know where we are missing which is the concept because there is so much involved thats why this is not useful for elementary classes used for secondary as well as higher classes and here higher objectives can be achieved sorry higher objectives can be achieved whereas in linear programming we could only achieve the lower level recall recognition here higher objectives can be achieved but here also we are missing what are the limitations knowing weaknesses of learners not on learning here the main emphasis is that where we are missing what is the weakness what is the learner secondly no sequencing of pages it becomes very zigzag it becomes very haphazard and emphasis on remediation rather teaching or giving strength on education what is the weakness infinite branching cannot be provided we can provide remediation but we cannot provide remediation till the end of time or we cannot be anant shakhit branching programming if this is missing then this is missing if this is also wrong then this is also wrong somewhere we have to delimit so we do not provide branching in full for some extent okay what are the methodics methodics programming who is the founder Thomas F. Gilbert based on connectivist theory of learning when you read learning theories we start with structuralism functionalism, behaviorism cognitivism, constructivism social constructivism and then connectivism so the connectivism is the latest theory but it is called as digital age theory so how here Gilbert was working in so here is the meaning of connectivist theory when you search the connectivist theory then somewhere in the study of mathematical concepts its utilisation is also there and you will know in the methodics that generally in the study of mathematics or grammar this branching programming has been started it is a reverse chaining approach see this chain is reverse how it is reverse then sorry then it is based on principles of chaining i.e. we have to keep a frame in front of you in the form of a chain then discrimination i.e. we have to discriminate and then we have to do the same i.e. we have to do the same then we have to discriminate and then we have to do the same these are its principles i.e chaining of response is help in learning it is said that when the chain of response is blocked then it helps in learning to reach up to mastery level i.e. we have to reach to mastery level then reverse chaining what is reverse chaining i.e. we will provide the chain but reverse i.e. from whole to part i.e. from top to bottom from complex to simple then simple then last and completion of test provides motivation to students i.e. when test our test is completed then it prays to the students and frame size is organized in small step but in a reverse chain i.e. in linear programming frame size was very small but in branching in methodics it is still small but chaining is reverse when in linear simple complex complex is simpler okay then there are two types of frames demonstration frames and prescription frames one will demonstrate the concept and the other will get prescription then responses are structured and determined by the programmer here also is structured and who has decided programmer here also wrong responses are ignored main purpose is to develop mastery of the content i.e. the content you have to teach the content on which you have to provide mastery the content on which you have to teach the mastery on which you have to provide mastery is the main purpose and what are the topics for which mathematics or grammar are logical topics and used for higher classes and useful for complex and difficult task so here also elementary elementary level child not primary level child so higher classes and difficult and complex task are useful limitations are retrograsive chaining of stimuli is not effective for terminal behavior which is your terminal behavior i.e. entry behavior when you are entering terminal behavior when you are leaving for that it is not very important retrograsive chaining which is the theme reverse chaining it is difficult to develop such package anyway programming learning is difficult and it is even more difficult to make it because it is simple and complex from whole to part because we have taught it in the same way okay so program instruction what do you understand by program instruction then types of program instruction means software based linear branching methodics and hardware based learner controlled instruction among these we have already studied CAI now when in question of program instruction something is sometimes asked that how you will develop a program instruction material then look at its shape there are three phases what are the preparatory phases first we will do preparation development phase, development phase and evaluative phase i.e. preparation i.e. preparation of preparation phase, development phase and development phase so in preparatory phase we have to do a lot of things preparation is the best and the evaluation is the smallest in preparation first the assortment of the content first we have to think on which topic, on which topic we have to make material then we will describe learners i.e. for whom we have to make then writing objectives in behavioral terms i.e. we have to prepare their objectives or learning outcomes i.e. after reading this material after reading this material what we will learn then entry behavior of the learners we will have to see what is the full knowledge what is its entry behavior then developing specific outlines of content then we will decide the specific outline of content and then designing the criteria test then we will have to tell the testing then we will not send it to the frame then when development phase comes then we will design the frame designing of the frame sequencing of the frame number 1 which is on number 2 which is on number 3 which program material is going to be the branching methodics of linear and then editing of the program we will have to do the editing of the program we will have to remove the fault and last but not the least without any material then first try out the individual then try out the small group then try out the field then we will know what is its shortcomings then we will include it then we will try out the small group then we will know some shortcomings then we will correct it then we will try out the field then our programed instructional material will be ready okay so program instruction done thank you