 Exosomes are small membrane-bound particles secreted by cells into the extracellular environment. They are capable of carrying proteins, INA, and DNA molecules between cells, allowing them to act as messengers in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes derived from certain cells, such as cancer cells, have been found to be more efficient at delivering therapeutic agents than unmodified exosomes. These modified exosomes have been shown to be effective in treating diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes. This article was authored by Edwin J. Bungalawa, Wei Wang, Tying Yin, and others.