 I have kept the introduction the most important person till the end, Avinash Aute, whom I am going to request to speak for few minutes. His background is like all of us, he is a engineering student, he was an IIT Bombay Bete. Avinash Aute used to be the captain of the IIT Bombay Chase team. When I was a student, I used to struggle to get into that team. When I became a teacher and he was still a student, I had the privilege of being the coach and manager of the Chase team. Under his captainship, IIT Bombay had won the All India Intermediary title in 1974 when I was the manager. That is the only game in which any IIT has ever won a All India Intermediary title. So, we still keep that plaque for you. So, that is Avinash Aute for you. He finished his B-take, he did his M-take. I also had the privilege of being his M-take guy and he was solving a chess end game problem. We had an IBM mainframe then, an IBM equivalent, it was a Russian implementation of IBM called Edimeya Systema EC-1030. And it had a few programming languages available, compilers for PL-1, FORTRAN, COBOL and of course the assembly language. And we were discussing how should we implement the end game analysis project and he suggested that he should program in assembly language. I said what nonsense because the famous theory was that the number of lines of code that you can write per day, productive ability is independent of the programming language. So, naturally if you choose a language in which you have to write less code, you will be more productive. So, I suggested PL. His argument for using assembly language was very funny. The EC-1030 at that time had a few 64-bit floating point registers and since there are 64 squares on the chess board, he said he could use bitmaps for pawns and rooks and knights using those 64-bit registers. Remember the extraordinary speed of that machine was few kilo instructions per second kind of thing. So, instruction execution matter and he says I could actually do an and or operation with those bitmaps. I said that is a very silly reason. You will never be able to complete the full program. So, he took a bet with me. We decided on a functionality which neither he had worked nor I had worked on the chess end game and we said we will write programs in our own. I wrote in PL-1. He wrote in assembly language. My program did not work the first time his program did. My program was later on after some struggle, but he could complete writing a much longer assembly language program before I could complete a much shorter PL-1 program that is his programming competence. He later on joined Tata Conservancy Services, led a team of some thousand people to VRS to do some social service. I must mention this. I was quite pleased to see Khushboo from Durgapur. You are interested in helping underprivileged children. That is a very noble thing. Avinash Aute tried to do that. Like our friend Anil Kumar from Bihar, he is convinced that helping people to get into IIT is a good contribution. There are a whole lot of underprivileged children who cannot pay tuition fee for classes and so on. So he started training such underprivileged children and came up with a phenomenal revenue model which I still guarantee would not have worked. This is for those two or three people who want to start up something. Mohit from Vijay Tia. You want to start up something right? And there is another person who said he wants to become an entrepreneur. Adi who said from Sikkim. So please be careful to draw your commercial plans or business plans in a slightly better way than what I will describe to you now. His commercial plan for helping such children was he would charge them a fees of 50,000 rupees net except that they have to pay the fees six years after they undergo this training and only if they get admitted to IIT. So I said, but what if they will run away and they won't pay? No, no, no. He says such children will never run away. They will pay. And how will you sustain for six years? Because first input to your family will start coming up. He says, no, I have enough money at TCS and I can sustain for six years. Fortunately, I don't think his wife was very enthusiastic about it. But he did do that for a couple of years. Then I requested him that you want to do social work. Why don't you do social work by joining the Eklavay project as our advisor? So for several years now he has been advising us. He spends three days a week here. And he spends much more than that in terms of his mind share. Because I keep getting his emails even when I'm in Europe and US or in Delhi or Madras late night at two o'clock and three o'clock instructing his people to do this or that. I'm thankful to him for actually organizing this entire setup. Thank you so much. Abhi, would you like to say something? As I said, I'm going to talk about Ekashik Shah. I'm not going to talk about the three projects. For the three projects, I've got exactly one slide. A lot of thought has gone in. But only one slide. Last five minutes, I'm going to talk about my three projects. But I'm going to talk about the initiative. I'm going to talk about the country. I'm going to talk about questions. He concentrated on the higher education. My fundamental question is and he did talk about the child and his thirst for education. My statement is to you is we are killing the child. We have been consistently killing the child in this country. There is no reason why Indians, Indians are anyway in the school education are supposed to be smarter. But as people, we don't advance that much. So why is that? We'll come to the next most important slide. This is question. Fundamental difference is in U.S. schools, they develop a child. They don't put knowledge into it. The fundamental development of the character, development of questioning. My son had to write a book on sharks when he studied in third standard in Canada. Do we ever have that here? When my son went to first standard in the U.S., they were teaching him to recognize alphabets. Already here, he had learned to write alphabets. The basic difference in education is we are actually killing the child. He asks you something, you explain something, you'll ask why. It really gets satisfied. You have to ask yourself one question. You will get one answer. Question the answer three times. Remember if Isaac Newton had not question why the apple fell on his head and just ate the apple, you would not have discovered the law of gravity. If you don't question, there is no progress. And it is time that we started questioning everything. Not we, I am old. Though child, but old. Is you people who have to start questioning everything? Because as Dr. Patak said, we are losing the edge. There is no reason for us to lose the edge. We had the highest, we still have the highest number of software experts. What is the absorption of technology in our country? Zero. Why is that? And who has to question that? You people have to question it. No politician is going to change. They can talk about change. It is not going to happen. Because it is not simple, simply politicians. There is a whole set of bureaucrats. They don't want to change. So, next we come to why you need to question. Example of systems which are leveraging change? Banking. Take banking. Indian banks are the same as everywhere else. Absolutely the same. Same service, same in it. Wherever we think we are the bosses, we should get rid of all of them. I am 100 percent sure. And the only way you will get rid of them, if you start questioning them one by one, it is a slow process. Systems don't crumble. It is a slow process. But unless people like you exert pressure, you should exert pressure. Why you can't stand for elections? Why nobody is questioning that? If you are allowed to vote at 18, why you can't stand for elections? Do you know you can't stand for elections? You can't. You have to be 25. Why? There is so many. You look at every system in India. You have to ask questions because I think it is 1850. Police acts are not changed. They can, if you put something on the Facebook, they will come you and put you in jail because you have done something. It is time we started questioning everything. We started questioning change. I am not going to talk about that. Don't worry. It is not a political discourse. It is just to put you in the mood to ask questions about education. This is another thing. Why? I feel very, very deeply about. If you go back to history, the first major change that happened was the industrial revolution. Who benefited? UK, Germany. They fought the world war. Who will rule the world? A handful of nations came and ruled on us for 150 years. Why? Because we had swords and had guns. As simple as that. So, we lost out on the industrial revolution. Definitely. We are playing catch up. What is the, what is the current revolution coming up? 1960s, computers was invented. 1980, 1990, communication. So, we lost out on the industrial revolution. Now, your telephone and computer has gone into one single piece, smartphones. This is the information age. This is a turning point in the world's history. If you still want, if India still does not wants to become a third world country, it is fine. But if you do not adopt technology, you will remain a third world country. Other countries are going to adopt. I know for sure. And the first step where you people can contribute to actually adoption of the technology is in education. But that is where it starts. People of your age group are hot, 20 million, 5 percent of the votes. We are a democracy. We will do what? Vote bank politics. Can you change? Not much. Get your future generation also takes heavy. Let them use computers. Get them into the right mindset of asking questions. The moment you start using internet, you can ask questions. Social media has gone a long way into starting a lot of movements all over the world, including the Nirbhaya rape case in Delhi. Everybody came out in the states. That was the first sign that youth can question and question to a certain extent. For that successful, no. In the Amir Khan's next thing, he asked one of the girls, was there any change? She said no change. There was a law passed. Raps are still happening. But at one girl said a sentence, though there is no change, I have changed. So, I want you people to change. If you change, you will change others of your generation. And it is quite easy. It is not difficult. I do not want to go out in the states and start fighting the police. That is not the intention. So, countries which adopt technology will rule. We are very slow. Though we have the largest number of programmers in the world, it is pathetic, really pathetic. Now, this question you have to ask yourself. Should your kids face the same school system? The answer is obviously no. Everybody knows that school system. At least, but in my time, I would have said slightly improved. Nothing too much wrong with it. Why? I got educated in 1960. There was no change. Change is slow. So, it does not matter. Do a certain bit here. Employ better teachers. Have better textbooks. That is improvement. Now, with information is coming in, shouldn't we think of something different? Should it be major changes? Slight improvement, major changes are completely different. I want at least some of you to believe that it should be different. I am going to say what is my view of education, what it should be. And believe me, even if we do not do anything about it, we will reach there in 40 years. After everybody else has adopted and we will still be the ruled country of the world. If you want to be a superpower, educate your children's first properly. Take the lead. US has just started in the education system, whatever I am saying. Lot of countries have got an edge. They have started fiddling around with the education system way earlier, but they have still not adopted technology at the school level. I think it should be adopted. So, this is one question. I am going to ask him to put up a questionnaire on Moodle. I want you to fill it up, because I want to know what you feel about the school education. I will probably put it up on the Equestria also. Now, let us talk about your current education. Is your graduation curriculum relevant? Dr. Fadak talked about what he teaches is the curriculum. There is a freedom for IIT. Do you people have it? It is not. I know it is not relevant. Why I know what is not relevant? Because TCS takes three months to train computer science people. So, obviously whatever you are learning is not relevant for TCS. I have to teach you software life cycle. Many people do not know that. At least they did not know that earlier. I do not know about now. So, according to me graduation curriculum, let it be BA, let it be BCOM. The Delhi University said that I will increase it from three years to four years, because my people are not getting hired. Recent one year back, there was this thing. BA, BCOM, the graduation is not relevant for the industry. Education, after all, is as Dr. Fadak said enabling you. Government jobs, government advertisements you look at any government advertisement. It calls for I want a graduate. So, that means the graduation is not relevant. If BA, BCOM, BC, and all other B's can do the job the government is saying, then that education is relevant. The next thing is how frequently does it change? Two years, five years, especially in computer science. Agile technology comes up for development. If STLC is in talk, it is being taught, the waterfall model is being taught. But now people are talking about agile and all kinds of other technology, which I do not know anything about. I have become an old man. Does that get taught in your college? No. So, any change in the curriculum will get introduced only after five years. That is the fact. And if you ask question, why? There will be standard answer. Where is your textbook? You need time to write textbook. Even if the textbook is written, where are my faculty? In the meantime, for this new technology, online MOOC courses are available. It is being introduced in all other colleges in the U.S. Without any difficulty. Why is that? Because it is technology. You can look at online. We say, no, we want only textbook. And the teacher will learn. Try to see whether that is the correct assumption that the student requires a textbook and a teacher to learn. If that is true, then you are saying any new concept. Five years. You have got 400 million children. Introducing anything to them means how many teachers? Now, face this in TCS. The standard way of stopping change is this. Talk numbers. I wanted to have a crush. This is at two flats, right next to my office. I said, we should start a TCS. The reason why it was dropped is, your office, there are two places outside. What will I do with other offices? Ideally, it is better for all the women who work. So, I was losing a lot of experienced employees who were not joining work because of this fact. So, I said, why not have it? I have got two things here. All it needs is employing good high as we will take care of the kids. Lot of companies do it. But we did not do it because every office does not have that space. And TCS as usual did not want to give it office space, which earns a lot of money. Commercial space earns a lot of money. They are metrics. How many dollars per square foot? You do not know it. It is there. So, curriculum is it relevant? Very important question for you. No, no, no. It is not textbook per se. It is an approved textbook. Any new technology always has text associated with it. If you take Java, Oreckal has got full Java talks about everything available anyway. It is not that material is never available. All new technology material is available. But that is at your level. I am actually talking about school level. My focus is not your level. Your level you will cope. Even if the colleges teach you 75 percent of junk, it is okay. Companies, how you put another 25, 75 percent knowledge in your head. Another problem with computer science. Your faculty is totally bad. Anybody who has, I am not talking about IITs and IITs where PhDs teach. But in all other colleges, anybody who can get a job outside will get a job outside. Why should he teach? Because salary difference between a teacher and a computer programmer is so high. So, the quality of your faculty is also bad. It is because the industry has killed it. They have to develop something for faculty anyway. That is my personal view. So, this is graduation. This is also known. This is a fundamental question which I have been asking and to which I have no answer. This is known. Every education is there. Every faculty has got different capability. Each student is different. Then why it should be same time? Why cannot the smart people finish 10 standard in 8 years? Average people finish in 10 and a non-average people finish in 12. Why there is a stigma to the below average person who has failed? Why you want to attach a stigma and stop the person for developing? When I say we are killing the children, we are killing the talented children, we are stopping them, we are restraining them. Now, what happens? The IIT professor who has done a PhD has been employed in IIT at the age of 23. It is clear he has broken all the rules. How you can get a PhD at the age of 23 if you go your regular 10 standard, 12 standard graduation and then probably post graduation and PhD? Somewhere he has broken. I do not know what he has broken. Now, the question that I have to ask is, I may not become PhD at 23, but did I have a chance to become PhD at 25? I have been deprived because there is a certain set of rules. You can say exceptional people break the rules, but what about a not so exceptional but better than average people? Why cannot they have a different rule? This question I have got no answer. Why cannot toppers clear earlier? I have no answer. I have an answer. I will tell you why and why cannot stragglers clear later 14 months? Why if I fail 10 standard? I have to wait for 6 months to give the exam again. It is because of the infrastructure. I can take exams only at certain intervals of time. I want to make a big gala gulla about it. GRE was like that earlier. Now, how many they are taking every year? GRE was one or two I think earlier in my time. Two papers. Every month you can take. The moment you are ready, take an exam. That is technology. They have implemented a question bank. It is so difficult to implement a question bank at the school level. Come on. So, this is actually pure murder. There is no, I will call it murder of a child. There is nothing else. There is no reason. There is no reason. Even if you say 12 months I have finished in 10 months, it is 20 percent time less for your graduation, whatever you want to do in life. No, forget it. I am not saying you should come out early and do something else. This 20 percent time you can spend on something other useful and learn something else. I am going to give people who work with me. I am going to give them a book of Salman Khan, not the actor. Khan Academy Salman Khan, MIT Salman Khan. He said when I joined MIT, I realized these words not mine. I generally do not quote myself. People think this is an idiot, still a child. Why should I listen to him? But Salman Khan people listen to. When I joined MIT and you can tell me whether it is right or wrong. I realized that if I spend 15 minutes at home, my learning is the same as I spend one hour with the professor in the class. That I am sure a lot of you will agree with. So, he said I use my spare time. Remember that is what I am against. I am not against that. I am saying I use my spare time to take more courses and finish early. Written in a book, US system allows it. Do we allow it? Why not? We are very clear. 80 kiti milega, we will reduce the number of courses you can take. If you fail in three subjects, next time I will not allow you to take that because you will fail again and I will make sure that you get delayed. What about if you, if you are 9 pointer, take a few more courses finish early? Why that is not there? And again that is why it is not there at the higher level, why it is not there at the school level. It is the same thing. And the answer is very simple because our system cannot assess. Now why should a child suffer if you cannot assess? They have introduced the concept of continuous evaluation, but that is also not so correct. This is another thing. Different abilities for different subjects. Why should I? It is like trains running parallel, science train and language train. Why everybody has to make one stop, wait for another stop? Why cannot I proceed on the science faster? Take languages. I am not saying drop languages. Some students will clear languages faster. Some students will clear science faster. Let them learn according to their abilities and manage it. Why not? This is the question I am saying. You have to question. Educate as per capability. Remember the current education system was developed at the beginning of the industrial age. The purpose of that system was to create disciplined workers who know time, who can look at instruction and obey instruction. That was the purpose of the education system. Before that the education system was the village economy. Like your artisanship. Carpenter ke pastinadmiyate, he teaches everybody then he goes. Farming seekne ke liye you go and attach yourself to farmer because you have no knowledge as such. No systematic way of knowledge. No systematic 10 standard 12 standard. 10 standard 12 standard came because the industry required it, the country required it, the society required it. Now what does the society require? Does the society have to still go with this 10th and 12th business which is of no use whatsoever? Why make everybody go through that? So, that is another question you have to ask. Educate as per capability. Educate as per preference. This is happening in the western world. One this royal society of chemistry had come there. So, I had talked to them about what should be taught in school education that I will cover when I come to what should be taught. So, that one person said that talk to his colleague. Now do not make it public, but he said I have taken chemistry only up to the age of 30. So, I am sure that in the western world there is already a lot of choice at the school level already. In the US, I know because I read a book called disrupting class by Clayton Christensen which I am going to quote. So, he is talking about the US school system allowing a lot of other subjects. People can take Latin, people can take say the school level, can take Greek, can take different French, German, language at a school level. And since this is allowed officially, electives at a school level, they had a difficulty in finding teachers. Exactly the same thing I am talking about. So, they have started adopting certified online courses for the non-standard things that in order to address the issue of teachers. The first step to that was actually taking everybody in for example, any small town to get Jalandhar together, one teacher for teaching painting. So, I do not have to bring all the students together on Saturday and do that. That was the first approach. But educate as per preference, this is happening after 10. I think it is too late. After 10 you can choose whether you want to go for science, arts or commerce in a junior college. Some can go for diploma engineering. Why cannot it happen earlier? Kids are getting smarter. I have great faith in children, absolutely great faith. Educate as per preference. This is the second thing. Why is there not topic by topic assignment? I think this is the problem with our school system. The problem with our school system is what he said. Solve any 6 out of 10. Starts from the school level. I will give one simple example. If in physics, I can clear physics without knowing electricity. 35 percent marks are required. Now, as I go to 10 standard, because earlier 9 standard, there is only about I think 10 percent, 15 percent of electricity. I can clear without knowing that. When I go to 10, it suddenly becomes huge, 30 percent. That is where I start failing, because my base has not been tested. I have been pushed after knowing partial things. So, the thing is instead of doing 35 percent, teach a topic. Assess that topic only. Why do you want to assess at the end of one year when you have forgotten? If you allow kids in the same class to go ahead of each other like this, then you can control the education topic by topic, not control assist. Think about it. It is feasible now. It was not feasible earlier. That is why you have to start questioning now. Now it is feasible. It is being done. Need another thing for which I think the answer is very simple. Why I have to carry books? When the same material is available in a simple thing like this, all I need is 3000 rupees. The school has made a desk. It costs some money. Put another 3000 rupees. My books are gone. Why do I have to write? Why cannot I type? Is there any reason? Except infrastructure. Everything will become simpler. Assignment Ghar leke jao. Assignment Ghar see. Either I will take or I will check. Dr. Fartak asked about LMS. So, he was worried whether LMS is being used by others. Why cannot LMS be used at the school level? Why are children are stupid? They cannot type. All of them are now used to this technology. All. All. And if they are not give it to them, they will get used to it. Definitely get used to it. Another question. Exclusively used technology for school work. Another reason for it. A lot of jobs are no longer clerical right and read. They are computers. Even the government clerical people have started using computers. The store front sells girls or sells men. The counter-fellow. He is using this. He is use swiping this. Everybody needs to be computer literate. Why cannot they start from the school level? I am coming to what is the equation later. Again, as you satisfied with the class work you had, you learn a topic. You have to practice it. Teacher gives you homework. That is never sufficient. You do not have time to check. You have to buy a guide for even start as practice problems. So, this is what I call as assimilation. Assimilation is after you have learnt a topic to imprint it in your memory, imprint it in your head through practice, through experiment. There are various lot of methods. That is what Ekashik Shah is concentrating on actually. Assimilation because that is what is needed. There is so much industry who is looting everybody because the current thing is not sufficient. Good and bad teachers. Why should the child's learning depend on whether the teacher is good or bad? When a good teacher's content can be easily accessible on the net. Being tried by a CDAC now. They are collecting material. But still the role of the teacher to deliver knowledge means that the teacher needs to be good. Now we do not have teachers in the government schools. They are not there. Forget good or bad. When we can use excellent material on the net, why do we need to rely on good teachers? You need teachers. I am not saying you do not need teachers. You do need teachers. Why because you may not understand the material. Teacher's role should be to solve the difficulty rather than teach. Because teaching can be done by a single good source. So, the role of a teacher I think should change. If we start using technology, the role of the teacher should change to mentor. This fellow has this difficulty. That fellow has that difficulty. He should just go around like Isaac. What I and he have a problem with is he thinks that applicable only at the higher level. I think it can be applied at a lower level because children are smart. Much smarter than what we give them credit for. There is a school of thought about bringing up children. It says you should consistently overload children. Just keep dropping things on them. Everything may not be absorbed, but they will absorb much more than what you think they can absorb. If you give them more material, they may not reach 100 percent, but at 70 percent is more than what you think their capacity is. After all, you use what? 15 percent of our memory. Known fact. This is another thing. Though this cannot happen immediately. In Bombay, it is spent about 1.5 hours to go to school. In the village, it is also the same thing because every school village does not have a school. 1.5 hours out of 12 hours, more than 10 percent of the time wasted because of the insistence on a physical school. If I can learn at home, go to the school like you can probably do it with 1 day a week, 2 days a week, 5 days a week. What is the necessity? If one teacher is teaching 50 kids, he can take 10 kids per day for solving his difficulties like a flip classroom. Flip classroom is a model that has to come. There is no doubt about in my mind. It will come because that is the right model. That is why I said I am going to give Salman Khan's book to everybody who works with me because he has tried that model in U.S. schools and that book tells his story also. He was almost bankrupt when our great friend Bill Gates. Bill Gates said he is the teacher, he is the favorite teacher of America. That is when he started getting money. He has tried it in U.S. schools and what he found was one very interesting thing. The school wanted him to give practice material for 5th standard, practice material for 6th standard, math he was trying, 7th standard and see the effect on whether in the summer vacation it improves. What he decided was I will give all, access to all. I will just try it and think in 7th or 8th standard. I forgot which students, a bunch of students as an experiment they will come there and use his technology to learn and one very remarkable thing happened. There was one girl who was near the bottom of the class. At the end of the exercise she came almost near the top or at the top only and the reason was she started not learning the 8th standard one, he started learning the 5th standard one and that is what he keeps saying that access as you learn. Because of fundamental 5th standard concepts were weak, she was finding difficulty in the 8th standard concept. All that was needed was start teaching her 5th standard again and she came near the end of class. That is what I think access as you learn is very important. Access material as well as practice at home once you do that, 1.5 hours of time can be stopped though this is way back ahead in the future. This is the same thing. Guiding, mentoring and assessment. The reason why I say that Dr. Fattak is all for faculty and I keep telling my people I am all for faculty. And the fundamental reason is when I was in IIT I did not attend a single lecture. Luckily I was allowed to and remember I did not have internet. I went and found a book and but I had a I had a roommate who used to tell me all the subjects he used to teach me. I may have entered book plus scope difficulty I go to him he will tell finished. I got class average marks. I did not want anything more. So, I never I never had a teacher. So, I am all for students. I know I can learn. Can everybody learn? Yes, I think so or at least you have to try it out. Those people who can learn can learn. So, it is not as if you throw out the old and take the new. It is as if you have to try both find out what is successful. And the reason why I am telling you all this that I will come to later. The another thing which is very very important which I have found in the U S schools. The school curriculum why does not it include character building thing games? Why should somebody you only learn singing a late in life? Singing painting there are so many other things which people are interested in. Why should they not be part of school curriculum? I will tell you the reason why? No teachers. They do not mind. Where will I get the teachers from? Anyway I think drawing was always there at my time. But only drawing because I can get drawing teachers. There is a school of drawing where I can pass drawing level one level two and I can become a teacher. Dancing where extra curricular media. Why it should not be part of curriculum? Soft skills arts have to be built right from the beginning. Precisely because I think we are teaching too much to children. They have to learn different skills from then what we are teaching them now. How many of you have used whatever you have learnt in school even in your curriculum? Very little. Not too much. Now let us come to what this is. Aikashikshay is Aik one and shikshay is and the fundamental belief is this. Single quality content for all the world children you take one content and you translate it. Why should there be different content? Not completely true actually. But at least one content should be translated. Other content you can pick up from the net. Especially true for India where lot of people go to vernacular schools. Do not go to vernacular schools. There is lot of content available. There is nothing available in Marathi for example except the government textbook and all the other funny things that we have. So, this is what we have built. This is what I said that I will not go away from. It has to be done by your people. If you do not do it then do not do it. And that is one of the projects which I am doing. I was glad that there were some top coders here. One of the projects which I am floating right now is to build an environment where all the people who are saying competitive coders can actually build something for the children instead of doing only coding competitions. My view is if any one of you think or locate a game which you think will increase the children's ability, children's fun in learning. You should be able to post it at one site. Somebody will develop it and it will become available. If we do that, we have developed a system by which I will keep on getting more and more content. Let us not talk about how it will roll out. I am sure it is needed. That I am convinced. If we do not do it then somebody else will do it. It is needed. For example, I saw brain game that day. The very skewed game. When the ball drops, where it will go? A, B, C, D, E. It was supposed to be brain training. It can be done in one week. One week of time. Why cannot I post it for everybody to have? There is just one example which I saw. I keep seeing so many things. I have got one thing which I am asking one of you to do. Remember the thing that you had in the different kinds of shapes, rhombuses, squares, circles. There is one thing given and I have to put it together to form that shape. Like a peacock. You make a peacock with circles and this and that. So, it is a matching shape and you move it together and do that. Nice activity. Can I not do it on the net? Yes, I can. There are lot of things available for children especially at the primary level where they learn, they develop their ability and it is still fun including counting games. And they are available at various places. All we need to do is to rewrite them and put it together in one place. Yesterday's youth is me. I should now call myself yesterday's child. This is what I believe in. Freedom to choose what to learn. 50 years, not now. System will not break. Freedom to learn at one's own pace will happen sooner than you expect. It is already happening because the government has said, we will not assess anybody till 9 standard. They have given up. Half the battle is won. The students started failing. They have said, we will not assess anybody till 9 standard. It is stupid. People are scared in 9 standard now because they will face their first exam. And choice of how to learn text, video, experiment. This also we have to give. And choice of when to assess master. I am saying the child should know, should take its own test. I do not want the school to give a test. The child to do it. I have learned this topic. Let me see how much I know. This is what I think is the concept of education that we have to promote. We have to build. When it is accepted, how it is accepted, let us not go into that as present. I do not know. Now, I am just saying since you people will not listen to a fool like me, let me give you a old fool. Everybody has said that. What I am saying is said by everybody. Find the natural bent of the child. All children are not equal. Why the hell do they have to know physics when he does not have a bent for it? Let him play around with chemistry if you want. This is what I said I proved a long time back. Not now. Who is the next fellow? This fellow has written a book called Decepting Class. Yet we insist on herding students with different needs in a classroom and teach them in the same manner at the same speed. This is what he writes about U.S. school education. Not here. He is a Harvard management. He has written a lot of books on innovation and this thing. All of you want to become entrepreneurs. Try to get hold of his book and read. They innovate as DNA and innovate as solution. You can read innovate as solution. If you do not want to read innovate, the book is very expensive. So, I cannot circulate it. I am waiting for a cheap version to be available. But it is a very good book. You have to read it. We are going to make any startup better read this Clayton Christensen book first because he does talk about what will succeed, what is likely to succeed, what is not likely to succeed. He has also written books like What is Next and Innovator DNA. He has been working on the innovation area for a long, long time. I have read four of his books and we continue to teach topics without ascertaining if prerequisites are understood. That is the main problem. If you think about why most of the failures at the 10 standard happen in maths, maths is the most dreaded subject. Next dreaded subject is physics because both maths and physics are based on prerequisites. I have to learn something, then I learn something higher. I have to run addition and subtraction first, then I go into multiplication, then I go into division, then I go into factorization. So, if I am weak in division, but I have got 35 percent mass, I go into factorization. Factorization assumes a more percentage and start failing. Mass is ridiculously prerequisite oriented and the next one is physics. Though physics is not that much and these are the two dreaded subjects and the problem probably is we are continue to teach topics without ascertaining if prerequisites are understood. That is the last sentence. At the end of the day, this is his quote. We pat ourselves on the back if the child had learned 35 percent of the subject. This is his take on 35 percent and I agree that all of us have dropped certain sections at some time in our life. This Sugata Mitra, he is the whole in the wall fame. They are TD talk by Sugata Mitra. Go to the internet and do very interesting talk TD lecture. Just do Sugata Mitra and you will get it. He won some awards for it also for his experiment. What he did was he put some high technology content on a PC and kept it in a village and kept going there after 3 months and he found that the kids there learned almost as much as a taught class with no supervision like no marks, no incentive and they kept asking. He found out what they learned by the question that they asked. It is really a talk. It is very interesting and the first experiment of hole in the wall that was done in Delhi. But this was the second experiment and he talked about it. You know what he says? Our current education system is not broken. It is perfectly engineered and working well. I agree. It is just irrelevant. That is taught. I am not mind. His words. And it is irrelevant. I agree. It works because people are giving credit to your marks. These are Khan Academy Salman Khan. This is what he believes. He has got a book called One World School of which I will give. So, that is where he talks about these concepts, what he thinks as the future school is. He used to be more independent in control allowing them to claim true ownership of their education. This is the most important thing that we have to achieve. It will take 50 years, but it does not matter. We have to start and I hate private schooling. It will take too much money. Tuitions, coaching in the whole education system is down the drain. It is ridiculously bad and the future of our children is being compromised. So, what do we want to do? We want one nation, one education, single content in local language, interactive content as it is as you learn. What we have done is I have taken all the CBC books. You can go to the site. Just type a picture will get it. And that is the site name down there. Enjoyable, increase in understanding through experiments. Trackable, supplement to cover weakness. Each child learns different subjects at different pace. And this is the motivator. I want you people to start contributing. I have some of you have done some of the software quota. Those activities are for this only. Some of those will appear. This is what I believe in. Do not look at the feasibility, the rollability, etcetera, by of right now, because hardware does become cheaper. Tablet has right now come down to 2500. Now, the government is going to go for a slightly higher end tablet. But the lower end tablets will be available. All electronics cost goes down. I am sure smartphones are available what price now? From 3000. That is small, but it is ok. So, one should not worry about hardware, because hardware is going to be cheaper. The most difficult thing to do is to have content to go on the hardware. So, that is what we are about. We have to prepare content, common content for technical subjects, common content in local languages and teacher to become mentor and guide. That is the only way we can move forward. If we rely on teachers, there are no teachers, no good teachers and they will never will be. Go from the slate to the smiling star. It is a very, very long journey. It is not going to happen immediately. Can we rely on government? No, absolutely not. Anybody who relies on government on doing any change is actually dreaming. You should just go and find out the union budget and divide by the number of people. Then you will know how powerless the government is. The government has government is needed. I am not saying it is not needed. But why do you think for the last 10 years India has got a whole spate of what they call as PPP. They were not there earlier. Public private partnership. Everybody here has that phase. Why? Abhi, last 10 years Minkuchala, of course, corruption is one issue. But why? Government cannot implement projects. It does not have money. So, if you do this, do a simple cap. Annual education budget of the country which is 60,000 crores, people think it is used. We have 40 million children, 400 million children. I am just saying 33 percent of them because no known figures of children, more than the whole population of U.S. You had 3 percent or 60,000 crores by this. What do you get? Even if I go to government schools, I get 3,000 rupees per person, per child. If I give him a tablet, he has to go without food. I think the lunch scheme is included in that. What the government can do? Will it ever increase the salary of the teachers so that good teachers will join the school? It will not. It will only do some tinkering. Even if I increase the budget from 3 percent to 6 percent, it is not going to help. It is okay. Somebody is saying T has come. This is exactly what I think will work. This is exactly the way it will be. We need an organization like CRY who says, you know all of you know CRY. Who says each one of you give me 3,000 rupees, I will ensure a child's education. That is the way it should work. That is the way you will get money. The business, industry and of course society, we have a C.S. that corporates something where 2 percent of the profits are supposed to be given. Corporate social responsibility act. So, we can use that provided we have something to show. Our attempt is to build this. Do not worry, the rollout will happen in spite of the government. We can do lots of models for the rollout. It will be cheaper also eventually. But look at the final thing, build content and then we will see how it goes. This is what we are going to concentrate on entry level English learning in local languages so it is not technical. I think that is the need we have to do that. So, we come to three projects. Before I come to three projects, the reason why I spend so much time on it, I was very happy that there are some people who want to be entrepreneurs. Some people are coders. One of the project is for that. I want contribution. I want to start a community. I cannot do it. I am too old. I am not a bird. I do not quit. My face is not on any book. I am a dinosaur as far as your social media is concerned. The way this will work is if some of you who are active on social media take this thing forward and start an Ekashikshak community of programmers of content readers of which you people can do it is nothing much. You should not take too much of your time. I do not know how to do it. I want you people to do it. For the people who are entrepreneurs, it will experiment on how to market in social media. The opportunity for you to try out various things. I am not going to interfere. I do not know anything. How to build a community which is very skills you will need anyway. So, I want at least 10 to 15 people to take this thing forward. Now, what the three projects that I have implement a variety of databases question banks based on assessments. So, I want say multiple choice, true, false, match the columns. These kind of questions are asked normally. So, for each topic just enter create a database. So, that the student when he clicks on it he gets 5 out of the question bank. So, that is what I want to build. Question bank based assessments for the child to click and get. This is one project. The second project is similar implement a presentation mechanism to present above question bank as per student request. This means I should be able to aggregate also. I can say I want to test myself on mechanics including friction and then Newton's laws and I can choose topics. I will put it together, grab all the questions and present a question to him. So, that kind of software is needed presentation mechanism as per the student request and it can also be as per the school request which is the time thing. Student request is not time. That is part of the same thing. This is the other important thing. Second project implement a system for supporting verifiable contributions. I am not going to build the question bank. I am not making money like merit nation. 2500 per standard, something like that. By them 2500 you get one standard thing. Text book and everything. And they have got 100 I think people who are doing animations. I do not want that. Why should I? It is not needed. So, we need something who can support these contributions because now once I have got it at the back end all I need is a front end where I can supply the question. This is the multiple choice question. This is the image. These are the four answers. It will go into it. It will get presented. What I need a mechanism by which somebody will verify, a subject expert is verified. Who is going to verify you people only? I already have about 1000 questions for your engineering entrance exam as a trial. But they all take space. I want to do it image based also because that is where I think the first need is there of a question bank, engineering entrance exam. The greatest loot of the country. That is why I was telling Dr. Phytok 1 that IIT should charge minimum 2 lakhs per year. That is what students pay for a chance to get into IIT. It is too much. Quota fees are nearly the cost is 1.75. Anybody from Quota? Quota is gone down in popularity. So, that is the second project. The third project I hope your coding people have joined that. This is your coding arena. I want to build a coding arena and the specifications are up to you. So, those who people who are doing some coding competitions, they should get associated with actually building the specs. People who work with me know how I do it. I have put my site on top coder because I have read somewhere that top coder people join to learn programming and they are making a lot of money on just encouraging people to write programs and then they sell it to the business might as well give it to the children. So, that is the third project and cleaning up and adding to present content is an ongoing activity which I will assign to each and every one of the people who work with me and this is my primary thing I expect from the whole group of you. I want you people to help me build a community. I am not going to do this next year. I have told Dr. Phytok. What I have learnt from this exercise is building something is like raising a child. It does not walk at first. So, it has gone through 2 or 3 years. This is probably the third internship. I have relied very heavily on internship done by you. I have got exactly two full time people now earlier only one full time. Lot of the contribution from you go to website will find about 100 names. I call them volunteers, but they are actually not volunteers. When they work on my project I get them to do this. But now the child is ready to walk. If it does not walk let it die and it has to walk with you people. So, I need a community you people better give it to me. As Dr. Phytok said I am a child I persevere. I will go after you. I do not give up and since he mentioned ethicalness. I mentioned that fellow test your brain. I do not mind taking their idea and implement I will not never take anybody software. Take their idea and implement. As long as their idea is free. Somebody is making money from the idea I will not take. But I will take. I do not care. I have taken CBC books and put it up. It is free. Of course, they have said that you should promote absorption on the books in the community. So, it is ok.