 Protein toxins are powerful weapons used by both plants and animals to defend themselves from predators and grazers. These toxins have evolved over millions of years and can be found in a wide range of species, including humans. Research into these toxins has led to the development of antidotes which can neutralize their effects, as well as the identification of new drugs which can be used to treat diseases. Additionally, some toxins have been shown to be effective in treating cancer and other diseases. This article was authored by Itai Benhar and Asaf Shapira.