 a very good morning to all of you. I welcome you once again to my channel Explore Education and the topic of discussion is Past Theory of Intelligence. Okay and I am Dr. Rushmissing Assistant Professor, Department of Education, SS Khanna Girls to be College, University of Allahabad. This lecture will be in the bilingual mode in the as well as in English and this topic will be useful for various teaching examinations and subscribe my channel if you like this content and found it worthy. Okay, let's start. This means that I was the first one to study multiple intelligences by Howard Gardner, then I studied Sternberg Theory of Triarchic Intelligence and today we are studying Past Theory of Intelligence. This theory is also the latest, the latest, the most recent in psychology and that is why it is not so popular at the moment. It means it is less popular. Most people do not know about it. So let's know so that we can ask questions and you can answer them. Past Theory of Intelligence has abbreviation P for planning A for attention arousal S for simultaneous and second S for successive. The planning attention arousal simultaneous and successive past theory of intelligence was developed by Das, Naglieri and Kirby as late as in 1994. Past theory is useful to link past processes to the brain. These processes and planning attention arousal simultaneous and successive this theory has taken inspiration from the pioneering Neuropsychological Researches of Alexander Luria. The past theory is an alternative to approaches to intelligence that have traditionally included verbal, non-verbal and quantitative tests. Luria proposed three functional units of brain brain to determine the intellectual activity of an individual. Brain OK and these three units are responsible and this is the planning, attention arousal and simultaneous and successive process for attention, arousal, simultaneous successive processing or panning. Attention and arousal is that this process is basic to any behavior, that is to pay attention for something. This practice is basic for any behavior. And it is processed by first functional unit of brain. And this process is done through the first creation of the mind. And that involves the ability to selectively attend to stimuli. That means, it tells us that we have to selectively attend to stimuli. That means, we have to react for every stimuli while ignoring other distractions. That is to say, we have to ignore what distracts us. And an optimal level of arousal focuses our attention to the relevant portion of a problem. That is to say, what is intellect? It is a problem solving activity. It is a problem solving process. So, when the problem comes to us, what will we pay for it? We will pay attention. We will ignore the distractions. So, for any intellectual ability, first, what is the process? Attention or arousal in us. This curiosity arouses us. Arise us that we have to solve this problem. Okay. Then simultaneous successive processing, what is it saying? This involves the ability to integrate, separate stimuli or information to our knowledge system as an interrelated whole. That is to say, this is the process which separates stimuli. That is to say, it is deep in different ways. And it is thought through. But it provides a integrated, interrelated whole simultaneously. So, it is the work of successive processing. And which part of the brain governs this? The occipital and parietal lobes, which biology knows, will understand which part of the brain is talking about. Art thought to be important for these functions. This is the responsibility of this process. This involves the ability to integrate stimuli, information into a sequential order. That is, what is this process? In which we can arrange information or information in a sequence, so that we can integrate it. And learning of digits. For example, we remember the mobile number of 10 angkos. For that, we need a sequence. If one of them follows the sequence, then you will do wrong. Alphabets, multiplication tables, etc. are examples of successive processing. These are all the parts of successive processing. This type of processing is related to temporal lobe. So, this processing governs from temporal lobe. So, what is temporal lobe? It is the part of the brain. Okay. And then planning. This is the ability of an individual to make decisions. What do we have to do now? We have to take decisions and look at them. About how to solve the problem and how to carry out the task. How to solve the problem and how to complete the task. It involves setting goals. We will have to make a course of action. Plan of action. We will have to reach the goal so that we can reach the goal. And anticipating their consequences. And we will have to think about their consequences. They say what is intelligence? Intelligent risk taking. And planning is associated with the frontal lobe of the brain. So, if you know the direction of the brain, then the frontal lobe is connected to the planning. So, first attention, then simultaneous successive processing and then planning. This is an abbreviation of yoga, which means passing. But what is the problem? Attention, arousal, then processing and then planning. Okay. The description of these units. What are these units? The function of the first unit provides regulation of cortical arousal and attention. So, what is the first unit? Attention. If there is any problem in front of us, then we will pay attention for it. Then what is the second code? Simultaneous and successive processing. And the third is that we will develop a strategy. We will use a strategy. Self-monitoring and control of cognitive activities. What is the function? Attention processing planning. But what is the name? Pass. Planning, attention and successive simultaneous processing. Okay. So, the first part, the first of these three functional units of the brain, the attention arousal system is located primarily in the brain stem. In the brain stem, this part is located, the diencephalon and the medial region of the cortex. These are all the parts of the brain. So, those who have not studied science, or have not taken science subjects or have forgotten, there can be a little difficulty. Otherwise, biology students know what diencephalon is, what is the brain stem, what is the medial region. Once you see the structure of the brain. Then, optimal conditions of arousal are needed. That is, we have to optimally pay attention or arousal. That is why we cannot go to the next step. That is, what will be the first intellectual ability? Attention. We first pay attention for the problem. Then we do processing and then we reach a conclusion. Because what is the decision making in planning? Okay, are needed before the more complex forms of attention involving selective recognition of a particular stimulus and inhibition of responses to irrelevant stimuli. That is, first we will show an optimal level of arousal. Then we will pay attention to what is our work, what is necessary for us, what is purposeful for us. And we will ignore the other distractions. Then only when individuals are sufficiently aroused. That is, we have paid sufficient attention. And their attention is adequately focused. And we are also focusing on the right place. Can they utilize processes in the second and third functional units? Only then can we work on the second or third functional unit. Then what is the second functional unit? It is associated with the occipital, parietal and temporal lobes posterior to the central sulcus of the brain. Then these are the parts of the brain. This unit is responsible for what this unit does, whether it receives or processes and retains information. The person obtains from the external world. That is why from this world, the person who has learnt the information will receive, process and retain it. So what does this unit do? Simultaneous and successive processing. Then what does simultaneous processing do? Simultaneous processing involves working with stimuli that are interrelated. That is, the stimuli that we get from each other works on them simultaneously. And what does successive processing do? It involves information that is linearly organized and integrated into a chain-like progression. For example, remembering the multiplication table or remembering the mobile number, which is Rekhi, Vyasthi, Rekhi, Sanrachana, works on successive processing. Then every functional unit is governed by the prefrontal areas of the frontal lobes of the brain. And what about Luria? Luria said that Luria stated that the frontal lobes synthesize information about the outside world and are the means whereby the behavior of the organism is regulated in conformity with the effect produced by its actions. That is, this part synthesizes information that we get from outside the world. And this is the way in which the behavior of the organism, that is, the individual's behavior is regulated in conformity, that is, the actions we produce Then this unit provides for the programming regulation and verification of behavior. That is, the behavior of the person is controlled. It is programmed from here. It is verified from here. From where? Simultaneous and successive processing. And it is responsible for behaviors such as asking questions, solving problems and self-monitoring. Okay. So this is our third functional unit. The third functional unit means our planning. That is, the first functional unit, attention. Second functional unit, simultaneous successive processing. And third functional unit is planning. Okay. So this is it. If you want to understand it as a picture, then planning. Sorry, where can I do it? Here it is. So planning. We start from the beginning. Attention. In attention, the first functional unit is in the brain stem. Attention says, successive or simultaneous processing of a piece. Second functional unit. And what is it governed by? Oxypital, parietal and temporal. Then this is the base of knowledge. And after that, you come to the third functional unit. This is planning. And what is it governed by? Nefrontal. If you remember this diagram, then you will understand this theory. So three units, that is, functional unit and our past theory of intelligence. This is a picture. So if you want to understand the past theory, then we came to this point. Past. So what is planning? Main ability that distinguishes humans from primates. That is, how can we distinguish ourselves from the old primates that we can make a strategy. It therefore helps us select and develop the plan and strategies needed to complete tasks. We have a task in front of us. We make a strategy to complete it. So this is our purpose. For which a solution is needed, what will we need? We need a solution. And it is critical to all activities where a child or adult has to determine how to solve a problem. The bigger the problem, the more intelligent it is. Okay. Then attention. Mental process that is closely related to the orienting response. The base of the brain allows the organism to direct focus selective attention towards a stimulus over time and to resist loss of attention to other stimuli. That is to say, we have to distance ourselves from the distractions and focus on the problem that is going to be used for us. Then what is simultaneous processing? It is essential for organization of information into groups. This is repeatedly saying that it makes an interrelated hole. Who? Simultaneous processing. It shows patterns in interrelated elements. And what is successive processing? Linearly or in specific serial order A to Z, multiplication table 2, 1, 2, 2 to 10 or 20. So this specific serial order maintains the serial order. Who? Successive processing. Involved in the use of stimuli arranged in a specific serial order. Whenever information must be remembered or completed in a specific order, successive processing will be involved. That is to say, now you must have understood that whenever we want to remember something in a crumb, then the successive processing of our brain helps us. Okay. So what we want to conclude is that it is an alternative to approaches to intelligence. That is, this theory, past theory, provides an alternative to the approaches of intelligence that have traditionally included verbal, non-verbal and quantitative tests. The traditional tests are only verbal, non-verbal and quantitative measurements. But not only does this theory expand the view of what ability should be measured. This also expands the view of what can be measured. Not just this much, but it also puts emphasis on basic psychological processes and precludes the use of verbal achievement like tests such as vocab. Because in simultaneous processing, we will also be asked how do you remember crumb? How long can you remember? How long can you remember? How long can you remember? How long can you remember? How long can you remember? So this did not come in the traditional test of intelligence. So this theory has also included this theory. Then in addition, it is an alternative to the anachronistic notion of a general intelligence. This also expands our view of general intelligence. Instead, the functions of the brain are considered the building blocks of ability conceptualized within a cognitive processing framework. This means that the building blocks of Amastrishka are conceptualized in the cognitive processing of how sorry, the creias of samyans. Although the theory has roots in neuropsychology, the roots of this theory are in neuropsychology. But its branches are spread over developmental and educational psychology. But we also read Vikas and Shakshik in Manovigyan and they are also used there. Okay. So this is an important or you can say recent theory of intelligence and a new discussion is taking place in comparison to other theories. So if you want to know it, there will be an add-on for you. So thank you all and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel if you found this content worthy and useful to you and join my telegram group so that you can get learning material if you want. You can ask your query there. You can provide feedback to be there. Okay. And the name of my telegram channel is Explore Education. Okay. So done from my set.