 possibility of attending this session. I'm in charge of the one man who is in charge of the archaeological service of lower Saxony, but I changed sites because I spent five years of my life working for an UNESCO geographic site and my idea was we have a management plan for the archaeological heritage sites and that is very elaborated and of course we are Germans we have a very elaborated management plan for all natural sites but we are Germans that means people don't speak to each other because there are two ministries responsible and you know your worst enemy is sitting on the other side of the road or the street so lower Saxony man's we have about 124,000 archaeological find spots we know about 24,000 who are visible and accessible we have about 40 and 7,000 square kilometers square kilometers about almost 8 million inhabitants that means there are a lot of people who can possibly visit one of those spots we have about 80 archaeologists in public administration heritage service responsible for the whole country that means we have areas where it is easy to get or where it is difficult to get and we have about 15 or 20 companies who know how to deal with an archaeological excavation or can help us that means we are outnumbered we are not enough people and we do must see that we have about 100 1400 castles and about almost 40 Royal Manors in our country that is just one of the 16 so-called Bundesländer in Germany so I'm just responsible for this area you see we have a great difference between high mountains in the south and the coast of the North Sea in the north that means we have areas with sandy soils and good and stone areas we have an administration that is there's somebody who's responsible for the archaeological site somebody is responsible for the man for the monuments that means for the standing upstanding we have somebody who are responsible for the jurisdiction and we have monuments that are owned by private persons by the state some of them are owned by the churches that means by the Catholic or by the Protestant Church and some other monuments are owned by communities by so-called Stiftungen that means people putting together their money to be more to have a more financial power and we have a lot of people who are interested and all these come from various sides and sorry and if you are looking at the country you see we have an area with almost no possibility of building a manner of stone and we have just one third of our country there you can build a house or a church or a castle out of stone that means if you look in the north you can see a castle that is from high nobility but it's completely built by water and earthquakes in that there will be never ever an accessible situation it is just an archaeological monument and we have in the south we have one of the highest castles we have the so-called Rosa Hotspot that is a castle just lying here on the top of that hill that is completely built within in stone and this is an emperor's castle and we must secure that people can visit both both our places they want to visit and need explanation to place like that or that was one of my excavations have done and also we do have places we have already in good touristic impact on like this castle here where there's a rope you can get up there roads to and mountain your way so that is quite easy so we have a quite difference of tasks how to explain a place and we have a quite different quite quite different task how to protect these signs and how to monitor them how to check if they if there's any issue that is changing the system running on that place and that is my responsibility so we had we took ma in the in the former times that being the monitoring was done by area photography and the monitoring was done by generating special plants very very skillfully our institution used the contact to two universities so we are sourced the task of getting the good measurement of the places and that is really done for almost now 80 or 90 years but the status was we are content on having good plants every 20 every 30 years things changed when the service who is responsible for the public management of areas and the public measurement of roads and all the discussions about the ground in lower Saxony when this is their logo when they decided decided to do error photography and a LiDAR scan and I asked them if we can get the LiDAR scans and the on the answer was of course no because we paid for that it's our system we are running it and then they came back after few months and wanted more information about archaeological sites and I told them okay we can do that you get the information about the archaeological sites but that will cost you do have to pay as much as I have to pay if I want to get the LiDAR scan that is really a clear system and then they went back and came back inside okay we can do it without any money transfer that was I wanted to get to that means now we get the LiDAR scan and we get the model that is done of the surface but we also get the model that is done with all the forests and all places where it's no vote and we get the information about the use of those areas we never ever got this before but now we have a very very political influential partner with a lot of money because the ground is ground is the most ground administration is the most influential branch except the financial ministry and so we got the possibility to have an archaeological inventory and looking on an incomplete information of the ground delivered by another institution for us and we started and now I will see show you a one or two examples that is a royal manor that was used in the 10th century you see almost about 20 hectares it is an has an inner valley and two and outer valleys we did a complete geophysical survey and we can show now that there are a lot of hundreds of sunken hearts of walls and of ditches and we can show that the area was completely in a pre-urban status it was all the 20 hectares were completely used as an early medieval city we have the geophysics we have the area photography we have of course the measurement and we used items of the geopark and the items of natural conversation we transferred the whole area into a natural protected area not an archaeological site it would be political impossible to do that but using it as a heritage site or as a natural conversation place that was possible I got the political support for doing that so we build up against the wall and took out of the ditches and he allowed two people to take their sheep there because sheep are talking down to the moon and they the surface so it is kept and it is close people coming there always have something nice to look at and that's me and if you look at these places we have spots of special archaeological interest and I refused to do an excavation there I was accepted to do that but we put more earth stones and some smaller trees on that to protect the archaeological site within the whole area that means we generate a new landscape and this new landscape is run by the by or is protected by natural laws and it is protecting the archaeological site of almost 20 hectares so and if you are we now we can explain the situation for example by the lighter scan this is the area you see here on this photograph and we use the lighter scans I mean take the data from the lighter scans by flights within wavy that is an unmanned aerial vehicle and we put two cameras down on these on the back of these are on the of these UAV we take normal photographs and that is a system that is always done in the forest in Germany but we also use an infrared camera that means in the same during the same flight and that is a cost if you if you take an airplane that costs thousands of euros but you using a new a B is about 100 or 200 euros and my time standing out spending out there but in getting we in doing the same flight we get in view an actual area photograph and we get an infrared photo and in comparing them that was done in November and in comparing them we see we get an impression if the vegetation is in a good condition or not that means and by this we get a second impact if the archaeological monument is in a good condition that means by using the same flight the same time the same people this personnel and the same UAV we get two photographs showing us the archaeological and the natural situation of the object and if you have these photographs you can compare them to the lighter scan and for example you see that when we made all the natural objects in 2015 and we did the UAV flight in 2016 there already has been some erosion and some changing of the landscape so I know in two or three years we do have to check the situation but the costs for doing that are less than 150 euros per year so another oil manor Koenigstader that is well known both places are well known out of historical sources you see the situation we just have two area photographs from 1991 showing this situation and this situation you see this house is this this is the inner Bailey and the outer Bailey was never photographed in another or in a better part than this so we took the lighter scan as a new inventory and on looking to this lighter scan you see it is true the inner Bailey was destroyed by a place or by a manufacturer who want to who wanted to gain stones for building new houses and you see it is almost devastated just left all the wall and the ditch of the inner Bailey and the royal manor but the outer Bailey was never never ever photographed before you see somebody was allowed to build this bomb that is used for for pecs and he never got the permission but he already has done it so we can't remove it because it is there it is protected by exist by its existence and we made an UAV showing the situation right now after the crop was harvested and you see the the spurs of the machine and you also see this way here you see this dark part here and you see this and in combining it with the lighter and the UAV photograph you see also that the ditch is here and here's a second ditch that means for the distant not so distant future we're talking about this area we're talking about this area but you see in the lighter we have this one so we do have to extend the archaeological site and now we see there the monitoring that was done between 1991 2001 was not sufficient enough we do have to change gears now the last place I want to show is one of the most famous monasteries we have in southern lower Saxony Viking Reed it is an sister to Yeltsin monastery they owned almost 30% of the whole mining areas in the Harz Mountains they had been up to 400 monks and they were so wealthy and the system was running a bit too strong so that being destroyed by a peasants river revolt in 1525 and since that the this is a ruin the rest of the of the monastery was used as a school so it survived we do have this old plan from 1667 that is kept in our archives but this plan keeps us the situation from 1667 and it was updated in about 19 and 1 since then never ever body somebody updated the plan of the buildings and the condition of the buildings so you see that is yet desperate desperately need for an UAV flight to get a photograph and to check which of the buildings though is still existing and in which conditions are their rules do we have to repair or check for something like that and if you look at the client at the monastery we have several castles nearby one is the most famous that was founded by the Emperor Heinrich I know by a hundredth of four that is the Saxon Stein we have it is in a very bad condition it isn't one of them high-ranked castles we ever have in lower Saxony you see the difficulties of excess you see that during the due to the climatic change the odd trees fell down and young trees grow up so we the site is not accessible anymore but in using the lighthouse can we get a good impression this side is this place this round tower is that so we do have that is a modern railway road and here you see on this place because of you do have or have a new possibility to check the situation without a high cost and without the difficulties or avoiding the difficulties of accessing such place you see that is one of my famous pictures I really like that is done by the Belgian painter René Magret he's very very famous in this picture is called the unanswered question I mean you open the door but you get no solution you get a new unanswered question thank you for attending and your patience