 The study analyzed false or misleading fluoride related content on Instagram and found that most of it was produced by regular users motivated by social, psychological, and or financial interests. However, higher engagement and spreading metrics were associated with political misinformation, which frequently focused on the toxicity of fluoridated water and products motivated by financial interests. This article was authored by Mateus Lotto, Tamir Somenazes, Irfana Zakir Hussein, and others.