 I'm going to just kick off the event by talking a few minutes about open source in 2017 and it's been a pretty incredible year in open source and, you know, things just keep getting better. And today I thought I would talk to everyone about just how open source isn't growing, it's actually accelerating exponentially in terms of its influence in technology and in society. And these numbers are just amazing. There are 23 million open source developers worldwide. I think there are like 22 million accounts on GitHub, 64 million repositories, 41 million lines of code, 1100 new projects every single day. And then there are 10,000 new versions of different open source projects every single day. It's pretty amazing just the growth and the sheer number of developers and projects in open source. And even within individual projects, speed is accelerating. In other words, the pace of development, not just the number of projects, is accelerating. Linux is the best example of this. Greg Crow Hartman, who works on the Linux kernel, gave me these numbers as a refresh. Today we have 4,300 developers changing 10,000 lines, adding 10,000 lines of code a day, adding 2,000, removing 2,500, think about that. A code base that changes eight and a half times an hour. I mean, it's just self-evident that at this point no single organization, no single person could ever keep up with the development pace that fast, that robust. You know, what's interesting about Linux, and I think this is probably a precursor to other trends that we're seeing in the industry, is that every market that Linux has entered, which is somewhat unusual for an operating system or technology to sort of leap from one sector of computing to another, but every market it's entered, it hasn't just done well, it's come to completely dominate. And you know, Greg reminded me yesterday, it's not only come to dominate, but nobody had to use it. It's totally free and it's a voluntary thing for people to use, but just look at these numbers. It pretty much is the entire supercomputing market. Almost all mainframes run Linux, 90% of all the public cloud workloads out there are Linux, embedded systems, it's a majority market share. I mean, it's incredible to see this. Some new numbers from just in 2017 with Android, which of course runs with Linux, is 82% of the mobile device world. So in mobile, Linux absolutely dominates. This year for the first time, Linux has exceeded Unix in the enterprise server market, now is sort of just behind the Windows server in the sort of on-prem enterprise server market according to IDC. Nine out of the top ten public clouds run Linux, but this was the number, this last number here is the one I was most excited about. In March of this year, largely due to Android, but Linux-based clients became the majority of clients on the internet, surpassing Windows for the first time this year. So do you know what all, do you know what that means? 2017, say it with me, the year of the Linux desktop. We finally made it, it is official. This is the year, that's right. So it's just amazing and it's not just software that's eating the world, which is something people say all the time, how important software has become in all of our lives, this concept of digital transformation. But it's actually open source software that's eating the world. The software that's eating the world really is open source. Because today, nobody makes anything without open source. It's just a fact of how modern application development works. Creating applications these days is a lot like making a sandwich. The CEO of Source Clear helped me with this metaphor and I think it's a really good one. But if you think of the way apps get developed today, it'll show you just how important open source is. So think of building an app like a code club sandwich, right? Where, for the bread, you choose a framework. Now, we're big fans of Node.js here at the Linux Foundation. So that might be a good framework for folks to choose. In fact, it is one of the most popular frameworks for developers to work with to build any modern application these days. And so you choose a framework and then you start writing your code, right? And of course, you're making an application for whatever you need. And so there certainly is custom code and that could be, in some cases, proprietary, it could be open source. But you write your custom code, right? And as you're writing it, what you do is then go to one of the hundreds of thousands of packages, whether it's NPM or other repositories. And you start using libraries that you find there to solve problems. And there are hundreds of thousands of examples of problems that have already been solved that you don't need to solve yourself as developer to solve those problems. And when you add up just the lines of code that happen through this process, what you see is open source code ends up being the vast majority of the code that you actually use to build a modern application. That 10% is the important code because developers understand what their customers need or what their fellow developers might need or whoever their users are and what they might need. But the vast majority of code these days really is open source. And open source really isn't slowing down anytime soon. Remember I mentioned there are 1,100 new libraries every single day. That trend line is accelerating. And there are predictions out there that we will have hundreds of millions of libraries out there that all of us will depend on to build the technology of the future. Now, what that means to everyone is that we have an abundance of code. But with abundance, it's created I think a little bit of anxiety, right? Does everybody remember this book? I think it was published back in 2004 called The Paradox of Choice, right? So the idea here was that in the United States if you went into any supermarket there would be 60 different kinds of catch up. And there would be 100 different kinds of potato chips. And having to choose between those different things actually created anxiety for people that people got sort of disturbed by all of this choice. It was sort of paradoxical because everyone thought more choice is better. But it actually made people less happy, right? And that's sort of the thesis of the book. And I'm probably not doing justice to the book. But I think we have the same problem and certainly developers have this problem where am I choosing the right framework? Is that particular package secure or not? Should I bet my future on Go or JavaScript? Or am I a ruby person, which one's gonna be here in the future? If I bet my company's infrastructure on this platform versus that platform, what does that mean? So the real question that we ask ourselves at the Linux Foundation every day, and I think most people just naturally ask themselves is, of those 64 million open source projects out there, which are the ones that really, really matter? Which are the ones that I can bet my future on? Which are the ones that are gonna be supported? Which are the ones that are gonna provide the security, the quality, and the code base that really meets my requirements? And we think at the Linux Foundation that the answer to that, and you'll hear this more and more in the open source world, this talk about sustainability. We think the answer is that projects with sustainable ecosystems are the ones that really matter. You see, we're moving towards this future where open source is this existence proof that all of us are smarter than any one of us, and that we can better others at the same time, that we better ourselves. It's sort of this form of almost collective capitalism is a good way to think about it if you look at this pattern. We have open source projects. Linux as an example, 90% of the developers there are professional developers who work for organizations that depend and rely on Linux every day. Those projects create, they're used in products. Whether it's to run Google's cloud and search or power every Kindle or power this Galaxy gear device that I have on my wrist here, value is then created from those products. That value gets reinvested in the project largely in the form of employing developers to work at Samsung or Google or Amazon to contribute to the Linux kernel or any other open source projects, which begets better code, which begets new products with better features, functionality, performance, security, and so forth. Which begets more value, more reinvestment. It is this virtuous cycle that really is the hallmark of sustainable open source, and this is the future we're moving towards. Again, you can see how there's a collective aspect and then there's sort of an individual aspect and a profit aspect of all of that. And that's why it sort of looks like some of these concepts that you see in economic theory around collective capitalism and so forth. And so we are seeing a huge rise of this positive feedback loop happening in open source projects. And just at the Linux Foundation, we are home to a whole bunch of projects that are entering into this positive feedback loop. And it's not just us. It's organizations like the Eclipse Foundation and the OpenStack Foundation and the Apache Software Foundation, who are all hosting these projects that help move the world and create these sustainable ecosystems. A few examples here are Let's Encrypt project. It's an incredible project. Do you know that there is now the world's largest certificate authority is totally free? The Let's Encrypt project, which we host here at the Linux Foundation, have the privilege to host, was built under the theory of we want TLS to be the default for the internet. That if all web traffic is secure, we will have more privacy, better security, fewer men in the middle attacks, and so forth. And to make that happen, you have to make the act of getting a certificate very, very easy and zero cost. To date, that project has issued 50 million certificates and is the world's largest certificate authority. In networking, we have a project called the Open Network Automation Platform that's transforming the networks of China Mobile, AT&T, about 55% of the world's mobile operators that will essentially allow them to automate their networks through SDN and NFV. And then move towards the world of 5G where higher data speeds and more users will be accessing their networks. This is all an open source. Think of that. The world's largest operators, AT&T, China Mobile, have partnered, huge rivals, and have open sourced the infrastructure that they're using to run their production networks. It's insane. In cloud, has anybody ever heard of Kubernetes here, anyone? Kubernetes is amazing. And we call it the Linux of the cloud. It's really this platform that's becoming a portability layer, the way that applications will get deployed on private and across public clouds. We have the cloud foundry effort here run by half the Fortune 500, the Cloud Native Computing Foundation, which is of course home to Kubernetes, but other projects such as Prometheus and many, many more. Our automotive grade Linux initiative is in production today in the US's best selling commercial vehicle, the Toyota Camry. It is slated to be in production next year in tens of millions of vehicles worldwide. We have a blockchain initiative that's being used to create a distributed ledger that will help manage identity in places like India. Get better financial access to people who don't have the means, who are in poverty through using digital currency initiatives. We'll make back office financial processing much, much faster and allow our economies to grow. We have embedded in IOT initiatives like the Yachto project Zephyr in our edgex foundry that are building the infrastructure for the edge of the network that will handle the load of billions of devices all converging onto a global network of connected things. And then finally we're home to Node.js, which is the world's largest server-side Java framework and one of the most popular development frameworks in the world. You see, open source is accelerating. Our organization, organizations like us, continue to grow. So over 800 organizations in the Linux Foundation for 41 countries, 80% of the Fortune, 100 tech and telecom companies. 25,000 developers work on just Linux Foundation projects alone, across 100 projects creating nearly $16 billion of shared value. Investment is accelerating in open source. Between 2010 and 2015, investment in open source startups, just venture investment increased eight over eight full. Just in Linux Foundation projects, $3 billion in venture investment has been allocated to companies that are based on CNCF projects. A half a billion dollars in hyperledger startups, almost 200 million in Node.js startups. AT&T announced a $200 million fund for the Open Network Automation Platform. I think you all get the picture here that it just continues to grow. Our events continue to grow as evident by all of you here. You may not know, but we run 150 events in dozens of countries with 25,000 developers every year. There are over two and a half million people in the meetup groups, just for the projects that the Linux Foundation hosts. We provide a half a million dollars in travel funding for people who don't have the financial means to come to our events. And we reinvest the money that we make from these events back into the communities that we serve. So I think I've convinced you that open source is big. But as many of you, for anyone who've ever worked for me for, and I've been doing this for a very long time. Anyone who's ever worked with me knows that I like to say the same thing all the time to this statement here, which is, let's think bigger. Let's do more. This is such an important concept, this idea of collective work, this idea of a sustainable future for the greatest shared technology investment in history is critical. And so today we're gonna announce a series of new initiatives that will help accelerate that sustainability loop, that positive feedback loop in open source. The first thing we want is more participation. More organizations coming in and allowing their developers to participate in open source. You see, the biggest bottleneck to the growth of Linux Foundation projects, or frankly, any open source projects, in many cases, if you think about that feedback loop where industry is funding a lot of developers, some developers work voluntarily, but that feedback loop. The biggest bottleneck is, organizations don't know how to be a participant in open source. They just take the code, they make whatever they make, and that's that. If we can train organizations, how to move from consumers, to allowing their developers to participate, to becoming major contributors, and then eventually leaders, organizations that are actually open sourcing code in order to share that code with their fellow mankind. We will have significantly moved the needle on the investment. And most importantly, the number of developers that are participating in these projects. And so to do that, our to-do group, this is an organization of open source professionals, think of them as external R&D managers. The people who harvest the billions of dollars of software externally, who help manage that 90% of the code that comes into their products and services, who help bring it into an organization, help their organization modify that code to suit their needs. And then redistribute the changes they make to that open source code back out into the communities. That is a business process, that is a legal process, that is a technical process. It's something you need to know. And this group of open source program managers created a guide that your organization can use to understand those processes too. I wanna just highlight some of these folks and thank them. People like Ibrahim Haddad at Samsung, Sarah Nabotny at Google, Will Norris at Google, Google in particular. They not only help with this guide, but they just open source on their website. The entire methodology of how Google works on open source. If you haven't seen it, go check it out. It's just an incredibly good read and incredibly helpful. Joe Bada from Heptio to name just a few. All of these folks are at the top of their game. Don't reinvent the wheel, learn from them. This will help us get more developers into our world. The second thing we wanna do to improve the ecosystem and stability of open source projects is to have better project health. When we started thinking about that, we asked, what does that even mean? And we went back to kind of a quote who was kind of vaguely attributed to Peter Drucker, a management guru back in the 70s and 80s. But it's this idea, if you can't measure it, you can't improve it. If you don't know what's going on in these communities, it's gonna be hard to change these communities. And so we've created a project called Chaos. So community health analytics for open source software. We love long acronyms in open source. But it's to answer these questions. Will this project be around? What is their trajectory? Is there a diverse community here? Are the people participating from different backgrounds and cultures? Because we already know that diverse communities are more effective communities. That hasn't been proven by open source. That's just been proven in everything, right? But we wanna know what's going on so we can help improve those things. And so a group of organizations, Red Hat, Batergia, The Eclipse Foundation, Lanaro, Mozilla, OpenStack, and keep going here, have gotten together and are working on deciding what are the right metrics? How can we then create tools that will allow projects to publish those metrics and track them on an ongoing basis? Great work has already been done here. We're integrating a bunch of tools that help check and track license provenance, developer participation, market adoption, and more, Red Hat donated technology that they had internally to the project. The Linux Foundation has underwritten a bunch of development for this. There's been commercial companies like Batergia that have underwritten and open sourced a lot of code for this. This is an incredible project. Go check it out. If we can't measure it, we can't change it. Another thing we wanna do to create healthy ecosystems is to create more secure code. How many people have had security on their mind relative to the internet these days? A few? Can anyone guess what might have brought that up? That's right. I basically just entered, and I think in the New York Times, a report in the New York Times, entered Trump in six random numbers. And this came up as well. The reporter's point was basically even Equifax doesn't quite know. They say everyone was effective. They don't quite know who might have been affected by this. This may have changed in the last few days as Equifax tries to deal with essentially millions of people's confidential financial information being disclosed on the public internet. Does anybody here happen to know what some of the reports are as to why this happened? Does anybody know? We have your reporters right here in the front row. But according to William Barrett and Company who wrote a report on the data breach, it was an open source software package, Apache Struts that had a CVE that was one of the reasons that was exploited essentially to a given system. And let me tell you, Apache Struts is very well run project. I mean, they have a responsible disclosure policy. They have a security mailing list. These are folks who pretty much know what they were doing. These things happen over time. But it just illustrates the fact that we all depend on open source. And we need to have a collective secure coding culture. Nobody can mandate all open source developers need to take secure coding classes. All projects need to have 100% test coverages. All projects need to fuzz their code, lint their code. All projects need to have responsible disclosure policies. All projects need to be able to do threat modeling for their code. You can't mandate that because it's a voluntary effort. Even if people are professionals working on these projects, they're self-forming organic communities. So at the Linux Foundation a few years ago, we created a project called the Core Infrastructure Initiative. And one of the ideas we had, and some of the folks from that project here today, was to create a badging program where projects could go and prove that they care about security. And it was not security theater. There was a series of things you had to do to improve the nature of secure coding in your project to get the badge. And the idea is that the badge would indicate you care and start creating a culture of this. Linus is here. The Linux kernel has passed this program. And we're happy to announce today that over 100 projects have been granted the CII best practice badge. We're really happy about this milestone. We're in particular happy because a lot of the leading projects out there have passed this badging process. And those projects are an example to the other 1,000 projects who've applied for the badge. And for the other tens of thousands of critical projects out there that should apply for this badge. So we're happy about this milestone. But we have so far to go. Finally, we need to see more qualified professionals in open source. At the Linux Foundation, training is one of the important things we do. We try and do it either free or at low cost to offer curriculum to get more people in these communities. We've trained hundreds of thousands, over 860,000 developers. We've given hundreds of scholarships, dozens of diversity internships, many, many need-based scholarships just this year. But today we're announcing a new program called the Kubernetes Certified Service Provider, which is basically a way that the industry can help support the Kubernetes project very, very early on in its hyper-rope. And what this is, is a combination of our Certified Kubernetes Administrator program. Many of you name it, I don't know that. But the Linux Foundation has an anytime, anywhere, skills-based certification test, where you can go sign up for this, and you're asked to come into a web interface. In fact, the guy who runs it is right in front of me right now. You come into a web browser, a proctor through your webcam, ask you to do a series of tests. You actually have to do it. Jerry, who's right in front of me, helps design these tests. So you really have to prove you know what you're doing. It's not a multiple-choice test. You got to do the actual thing you've purported to do. And for organizations that have more than three certified Kubernetes administrators, they can become a Kubernetes service provider. And that creates a support ecosystem around that project very, very early. That helps grow the project, get more developers, create more value, gets into that feedback loop. So we're very happy about that today. So with that, I just have a few additional announcements, and then I'm going to move on to our next speaker. First, we want to welcome Vodafone to our Open Network Automation Platform. I talked about this earlier. This now grows the number of operators that are working on that project. I want to welcome Samsung to our edgex Foundry project. The world's largest device maker has now joined our IoT initiative that's helping, again, to scale computing at the edge of the network. Hitachi has joined our Open Chain project. Open Chain is a project where industry is working to create processes and tools to make it easy to comply with open source licenses, a critical part of the intellectual property obligations of this type of sharing. So we're super happy to have all of these announcements. 2017 has been an amazing year for open source, and we're just getting started. And I have just a few more final things here in closing, which is this year at Open Source Summit, we created a whole bunch of additional activities that I really encourage all of you to participate in. We have a diversity summit on Thursday. Diverse communities or stronger communities, please attend this event. It is an important conversation to have. It is important that we embrace this. We have mentoring programs. We have yoga. And finally, that's right, puppies. If I could have a puppy right now just licking my face, who doesn't like puppies? We have Puppy Palooza on Wednesday, 10.30 to 12.30. You can come. You can just hug a puppy. You can adopt a puppy. Please do it. We have a great week. I want to thank all of you. 2017 has been a great year so far. And we keep thinking big. And I look forward to seeing you all week. Thank you.