 I wanted to ask what do you think separates second layer protocol from the first layer like wise lightning not The base protocol do you think it should be the base protocol should evolve or freeze? What's your vision for Bitcoin white 1.0? I think that Part of good architectural design and network protocols and I say this because my actual specialization is Network protocols, so I have a master's degree in data communications and distributed systems This is what I studied network protocol design And one of the fundamental principles When you're designing protocols Is to have Separation between the layers such that you don't have side effects bleeding from one layer to another This form of abstraction that allows you to have clean interfaces between the layers So that you can't see what's happening in one layer from the layer underneath Or above There are no effects that bleed you don't try to implement everything in one layer These are fundamental principles in network protocol design, but not just network protocol design They're the same exact principles that you have in software engineering right when you write a function You want that function to do one thing to do it as simply as possible to do it with zero side effects, right? That's how Programming works and you create abstractions that do one thing simply and with no side effects And then you build higher level abstractions that combine these primitives to do more complex things so the reason we do that is because you can prove the validity and The behavior of a simple primitive without side effects And once you have a collection of primitives that are well proven and reliable Then you can build on top of that with additional functionality. That's how you get scale, but it's also how you get modularity It's also how you get security. It's also how you get predictability in performance and in security, of course These are not just good principles. They're essential principles when you're trying to scale Otherwise things start breaking very very quickly and we see that on the internet where some of the layers are not quite as separated As they should be so, you know, you have these nice clean layers You have your your physical layer. You have your data transport layer Things like ethernet, for example You have your basic ip network layer. Then you have your connection oriented Transport layer with tcp and then you have on top of all of that It was all clean, but then above that suddenly you started getting these weird effects So once you get above tcp things get a bit messy and some of the layers are not quite Separate and they step on each other and you have side effects that bleed up and down But the biggest mistake we made on the internet was not building sufficient privacy into the base layer And now we're trying to retrofit that on top and we're trying to do it with The fourth and fifth and sixth layer above ip and the result is a disaster The result is totalitarian surveillance The result is the death of peer-to-peer principles Centralization of power the death of net neutrality and all of these other effects that we see come directly from the fact That you have insufficient Privacy in the base layer insufficient fungibility of packets if you want to put it that way And so what is The important thing we need to achieve in the base layer is not scaling The important thing what you need to achieve in the base layer that cannot be achieved in the layers above Is fungibility and privacy with strong guarantees simple primitives and if we have Privacy primitives and fungibility primitives in the base layer Then we can do scaling at the second layer and we can do it securely otherwise We have a privacy problem and that privacy problem will get magnified as we go up the layers If you can do analysis on the base layer that gives a great degree of insight into what's happening above There are at the moment dozens of companies that are doing analytics Those are just the private companies of course every intelligence agency in the world is tracking every single bitcoin transaction Every utx o on every altcoin and every service And they have little hooks in the centralized exchanges Merchant payment services so they can get feeds that attach each one of those things to specific identities and watch they have One identity and correlation They can figure out the rest We need to destroy their business model